• Toxicological Research
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1989

Changes in urinary $Na^+$ and $K^+$ excretions, renal cortical microsomal $Na^+$ -K-ATPase activity, cortical tissue electrolyte content and plasma aldosterone level were studied in rats treated with CdCl2 (2 mg Cd/kg/day, s.c. injection) for 7-14 days. After 7 days of cadmium exposure, urinary excretion of $Na^+$ was markedly reduced. This change was accompanied by an increase in $Na^+$-$K^+$-ATPase activity, a fall in tissue $Na^+$ content, a rise in tissue $K^+$ content and an elevation of plasma aldosterone level.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2012

Oryeong-san which was first recorded in Shanghanrun describing the treatments of acute febrile disease is one of the frequently used oriental medicines. Oryeong-san has been prescribed for the treatment of symptoms accompanied by edema. The purpose of this study was to examine the diuretic effects of Oryeong-san by different routes of administration. Oryeong-san (100 mg/kg body weight) was administrated by three different routes in Sprague-Dawley rats: intravenous infusion, intraperitoneal injection and oral intake. Oral intake of Oryeong-san significantly increased urinary volume and excretion of $Na^+$, $Cl^-$, and $K^+$ compared to vehicle-treated control group. The effects were concentration-dependent. Intravenously administrated Oryeong-san increased urinary volume and electrolyte excretion but without significance in hydrated (0.02 ml/min/rat for 90 min) anesthetized rats. Similarly, intraperitoneally injected Oryeong-san had no effects on water and urine electrolyte excretion compared with saline control group. These findings suggest that Oryeong-san has different effects on water and electrolyte balance by routes of administration.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2008

In the Indian traditional medicine, Lippia nodiflora (Verbenaceae) whole plant is claimed to possess powerful diuretic activity. However, the diuretic potential of this plant is not yet investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diuretic potential of methanol extract of Lippia nodiflora (MELN) in rats. Control (0.9% saline solution, 25 ml/kg, b.w) or urea (1 g/kg b.w) or frusemide (5 mg/kg b.w) and different concentrations of MELN (200 and 400 mg/kg b.w) were intraperitoneally administered (n = 6 per each treatment group) to hydrated rats and their urine output was monitored over a period of 5 h and 24 h after drug administration. The diuretic responses with its electrolyte excretion potency of the extract were highly remarkable in comparison with control animals. The extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg shows a significant increase in volume of urine with increase in $Na^{+}$, $Ca^{2+}$ and $Cl^{-}$ excretion accompanied by the excretion of $K^{+}$ in dose dependent manner. This study suggests that the active component(s) in MELN had similar diuretic effect to that of frusemide. These results validate the traditional use of Lippia nodiflora as a diuretic agent.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2014

본 연구는 ET가 함유된 소금의 섭취가 요를 통한 나트륨 배출에 미치는 단기간의 효과를 확인하기 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 실험기간 동안 일반소금을 섭취한 대조군, ET가 함유된 소금을 섭취한 실험군 Salt + ET에서 식이섭취 및 체중증가는 Day 7에는 통계적으로 유의적인 차이가 없었으나 물 섭취량은 Day 1과 Day 7에서 모두 Salt + ET에서 높은 경향을 보였다. 요량을 측정한 결과 Salt와 비교하여 ET를 섭취한 Salt + ET에서 약 27% 높았으며 Day 1과 Day 7에서 모두 통계적으로 유의적인 증가가 관찰되었다 (p < 0.05). 시험기간 동안 요를 통해 배출된 총 나트륨과 칼륨의 양을 산출한 결과 ET를 섭취한 Salt + ET에서 1일차와 7일차에 모두 높게 나타났으며, 특히 7일차에 ET를 섭취한 Salt + ET에서 유의적으로 증가하였다(p < 0.01). 혈중 나트륨 농도와 칼륨 농도에서는 두 그룹간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과들을 종합하여 볼 때 단기간의 ET 섭취에도 ET의 이뇨작용으로 인한 요량의 증가를 통해 전해질 배출에 도움을 줄 수 있으며 부작용이 많은 이뇨제들 대신으로 쓰일 수 있는 이뇨제 역할을 할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 향후 더 많은 연구와 분석들을 통해 혈압 강하제의 잠재적인 효과도 기대할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1992

Five buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature ($30^{\circ}C$) showed no significant changes in the heart rate, respiratory rate, packed cell volume, plasma constituents and renal hemodymics during intravenous infusion of urea for 4 h. The rate of urine flow, fractional urea excretion, urinary potassium excretion and osmolar clearance significantly decreased while the renal urea reabsorption markedly increased during urea infusion. The decrease of fractional potassium excretion was concomitant with the reduction of the rate of urine flow and urine pH. In animals exposed to heat ($40^{\circ}C$) the rectal temperature heart rate and respiratory rate significantly increased while no significant changes in GFR and ERPF were observed. An intravenous infusion of urea in heat exposed animals caused the reduction of the rate of urine flow with no changes in renal urea reabsorption, urine pH and fractional electrolyte excretions. During heat exposure, there were marked increases in concentrations of total plasma protein and plasma creatinine whereas plasma inorganic phosphorus concentration significantly decreased. It is concluded that an increase in renal urea reabsorption during urea infusion in buffaloes kept in normal ambient temperature depends on the rate of urine flow which affect by an osmotic diuretic effect of electrolytes. The limitation of renal urea reabsorption in heat stressed animals would be attributed to an increases in either plasma pool size of nitrogenous substance or body metabolism.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.159-163
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• 1982

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) found in duodenal mucosa originally has been suggested as a neurotransmitter. Its localization, however, now known, is not limited to the gastrointestinal tract, but scattered at many different kinds of tissues, smooth muscles, endocrine gland and exocrine gland as well as central and peripheral neural tissues. To investigate the effect of VIP on renal function, an experiment has been done in anesthetized male rats. The results obtained were: 1) Urinary output and creatinine clearance decreased significantly during the period of infusion of VIP, 2.0ug/rat/7minutes. 2) Urinary excretion of sodium, potassium and chloride decreased but without significance by infusion of VIP. 3) Blood pressure, systolic and diastolic, decreased by VIP administered intravenously in the period of infusion. 4) Changes of urinary output, sodium and chloride excretion was correlated with changes of creatinine clearance. The above data suggest that VIP administered intravenously can suppress the renal hemodynamics indirectly, and also decrease electrolyte excretion through its renal hemodynamic change.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 1969

Acetylsalicylic acid, administered intravenously in a dose of 120 mg+250 mg/h, markedly decreased the urinary excretion of sodium and chloride, and slightly depressed potassium excretion, so that the ratio of urinary concentrations of potassium to sodium increased after ASA. Osmolar and free water clearances also diminished during water diuresis, and free water reabsorption $(T^cH_2O)$ decreased after ASA during mannitol diuresis. Glomerular filtration rate and urine flow rate changed little. When infused directly into a renal artery, ASA exhibited identical action on both kidneys, indicating that the renotropic action is mediated by some endogenous humoral agents or by some metabolites of ASA. A dose of 100 mg i.v. of spironolactone, a aldosterone antagonist, slightly reversed the renal reflect when given during maximum action of ASA. Ethacrynic acid could display its full diuretic action unhindered during maximum ASA action. Above observations lead to the suggestion that acetylsalicylic acid might release aldosterone and the action on electrolyte excretion may be mediated by the mineralocorticoid.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.175-193
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• 2016

Objective : Diuretics are effective on the patients with hypertension and heart failure, as well as edema by regulating the function of kidney, which is key organ to maintain the balance of the different electrolytes in the body. The present review article is designed to review the diuretic effect of Korean medicinal prescription base on the experimental studies.Method : For this purpose, every article related to ‘diuresis’ and 'Korean medicinal prescription' were analysed from articles which published at domestic and international journals.Results : 1. Representative Korean medicine prescriptions showed diuretic effect along with electrolyte excretion were Oryeong-san, Paeryung-tang, Hwangryungbokryung-tang and Daeganghwal-tang. 2. Some Korean medicinal prescription including Oryeong-san, Jueryeong-tang, Sipcho-tang distribute diuresis through the inhibition of renin-angiotensin-system. 3. Oryeong-san, Bojungchiseup-tang had a diuretic effect on the down-regulation of aquaporin water channel in the renal collecting duct.Conclusion : Korean medicinal transcriptions have a diuretic effect through several types of mechanism such as along with electrolytes excretion, inhibition of renin-angiotensin system, and down-regulation of water channels.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1975

Changes of urinary aldosterone excretion, concurrent sodium and potassium excretion following furosemide administration were studied in normotensive young Korean with high sodium intake, moderate sodium restriction and marked sodium depletion. After intravenous injection of furosemd 40mg, plasma and urine samples were collected at every thirty minutes for two hours. Plasma-and urinary aldosterone, electrolyte concentration and urine flow rate were measured by means of radioimmunoassay or flamephotometry. Relations of urinary aldosterone to concurrent sodium or potassium/sodium ratio, and of urinary aldosterone to concurrent plasma aldosterone activity were studied. Following were the results: 1. Furosemide administration resulted in a increased urinary aldosterone concentration and unchanged or somewhat decreased sodium concentration in course of time after the injection. 2. Urinary potassium concentration showed initial decrease and subsequent increase in course of time after furosemide administration and it resulted in a gradual increase in urinary potassium/sodium ratio. 3. Studying the relations between urinary aldosterone excretion and potassium/sodium excretion ratio, or sodium excretion were meaningless because of the urinary flow rate after the injection was decreased with time course. 4. Furosemide administration showed a good relationship of urinary aldosterone concentration to concurrent potassium/sodium ratio rather than concurrent sodium concentration in subjects with sodium restriction, but no meaningful relationship was detected in subjects with high sodium intake because increasing rate of the ratio was not so wide. 5. Furosemide also resulted a reasonable relation of plasma aldosterone concentration to concurrent urinary aldosterone concentration especially during low sodium intake. 6. Above results suggested that relation of urinary aldosterone concentration to K/Na ratio following furosemide administration during sodium restriction is significant and has a benefit to reduce the variation induced by kalemic change showing in the diragram for daily aldosterone to sodium excretion.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.78-96
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• 1986

The sympathico-adrenergic system and the hypophyseal-adrenocortical system mediates the regulation of the internal milieu. And the kidneys regulate both water and electrolyte balance of the body fluid. The kidneys are the sites of production of renin which participate indirectly in maintaining renin. angiotensin-aldosterone system. These system de-serve special attention in the context of adjustment the effects on the body function. And so, maximal exercise and work load are associated with home-osthetic function. The nurses working in the hospital have been complained of fatigue and stress by frequent duty changes and overload. In order to define this, the possible changes of hormonal excretion during three-shift nursing practice were investigated. Urine samples were collected at pre-duty and post-duty, and were measured with chemical assay and radioimmunoassay in 30 nursing students, in nursing practice and 43 nursing students, in studying. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In nursing practice, urinary norepinephrine concentration showed a marked increase during day duty, urinary cortisol concentration showed a marked increase during evening duty, and urinary renin concentration was increased in night duty, 2. Corrected ratio of urinary sodium excreted by the urinary excretion of creatinin (UNa/UCr) and UCl/UCr showed a marked decrease during night duty. Nursing practice did not affect on the UK/UCr and urinary concentrating ability. From these results, it is suggested that further studies the define the effects on some physiological function of the three-shift nursing practice against circadian rhythm are needed for better working condition of nurses.