• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-127
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• 2007

When the margin between available capacity and demand is thin in a liberalized electricity market, prices rise steeply and system reliability is threatened. The principal response to these circumstances is often an assumption that price spikes and electricity shortages are the result of a failure to build sufficient new supplying facilities. It is, of course, often the case that additional investments in generation and network facilities would improve reliability, and such investments are often needed. But focusing on additional generation and transmission facilities for restoring balance to the grid overlooks the essential fact that reliability is a function of the relationship between supply and demand, imposing unnecessary costs on electric system. When the relationship is out of balance, the search for solutions must consider not only investments supply-side resources but also cost-effective demand-side resources such as accelerated load management, efficiency measures, and price-responsive load programs. Integrating demand resources into electricity markets can add enormous value to the electric system, widening the capacity margin, lowering costs and enhancing system reliability at the same time. This paper studies several challenges now facing electricity markets: demand-side management-especially, economic effects of demand response, potential reliability problems, market and system operation, CBP market improvements and so on. The paper concludes with a series of policy recommendations in five areas: (i) The Effects of efficient improvement to incorporate demand responses and demand-side resources into modem electricity markets, (ii) Fosteing price based demand response and (iii) improving incentive based demand response, (iv) strengthen demand response analysis and valuation, (v) integrating demand response into resource planning and adopting enabling technologies.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.99-120
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• 2017

In SS branch of Korea District Heating Corporation, Combined Heat & Power power plant with 99MW capacity and 98Gcal / h capacity is operated as a district electricity business. In this region, it is difficult to operate the generator due to the problem of surplus heat treatment between June and September due to the economic recession and the decrease in demand, so it is urgent to develop an economical energy new business model. In this study, we will develop an optimized operation model by introducing a renewable energy hybrid system based on actual operation data of this site. In particular, among renewable energy sources, fuel cell (Fuel Cell) power generation which can generate heat and electricity at the same time with limited location constraints, photovoltaic power generation which is representative renewable energy, ESS (Energy Storage System). HOMER (Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Energy Resources) program was used to select the optimal model. As a result of the economic analysis, 99MW CHP combined cycle power generation is the most economical in terms of net present cost (NPC), but 99MW CHP in terms of carbon emission trading and renewable energy certificate And 5MW fuel cells, and 521kW of solar power to supply electricity and heat than the supply of electricity and heat by 99MW CHP cogeneration power, it was shown that it is economically up to 247.5 billion won. we confirmed the results of the improvement of the zone electricity business condition by introducing the fuel cell and the renewable energy hybrid system as the optimization process model.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.147-153
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• 2010

When small scale wind and solar power generation systems are connected to conventional power distribution system. It is worried that it can affect the quality of electricity such as voltage variation, power factor, frequency, harmonics and flicker. Therefore, in this research, in order to investigate the effects of wind power generation equipments(AC link method) on electrical power quality, when they are connected to distribution system. Power quality analyzer was installed respectively at the front side of power conversion system of conventional wind generation system and secondary side of consumer's power supply at distribution line. Measurements on power quality were performed and the effects of the wind generation system on distribution system were analyzed when it was and was not operated. The results show that 0.34[%] increase on voltage variation, 0.145 increase on current crest factor and 0.6[$^{\circ}$] deviation on phase difference when the power generation system was operated.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.707-714
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• 2022

Hydrogen production using solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) is a promising technology because of its efficiency, cleanness, and scalability. Especially, high-power SOEC system has received a lot of attention from researchers. This study compared and analyzed the low-power and high-power SOEC system in term of economic. By using revenue requirement method, levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) was calculated for comparison. In addition, the sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the dependence of hydrogen cost on input variables. The results indicated that high-power SOEC system is superior to a low-power SOEC system. In the capital cost, the stack cost is dominant in both systems, but the electricity cost is the most contributed factor to the hydrogen cost. If the high-power SOEC system combines with a nuclear power plant, the hydrogen cost can reach 3.65 $/kg when the electricity cost is 3.28 ¢/kWh and the stack cost is assumed to be 574 $/kW.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.191-202
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• 2009

South Korea, ranks 10th largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the world, will probably be under the obligation to reduce GHG emission from 2013. It is very important to reduce the electrical energy consumption since 30% of GHG emission in South Korea is made during electricity generation. In this study, based on "the 1st national energy master plan", the GHG emission reduction potential and the feasibility of the scenario in the electricity generation have been analyzed using LEAP(Long-range Energy Alternative Planning system). The scenario of the mater plan contains the 41% expansion of nuclear power plant facilities and the 11% diffusion of renewable energy until 2030. In result, total $CO_2$ emission reduction rate is 28.8% in 2030. Also $CO_2$ emission of unit electricity generation of bituminous coal power plant is $0.85kgCO_2/kWh$ and its LNG power plant is $0.51kgCO_2/kWh$ in BAU scenario. Therefore when existing facilities is exchanged for nuclear or renewable energy power plant, substitute of bituminous power plant is more effective than LNG power.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.11b
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• pp.255-257
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• 2007

Korea electricity market consists of two payment systems, capacity and energy. Capacity payments are given to the generators according to its hourly availability considering hourly and seasonal weighting factors. Energy payments are settled at the marginal generation cost based on generator variable cost. In 2007, base load energy market is closed and single capacity payment system is begun to apply in electricity market. In this revised market rule, energy price cap for base load generators is newly introduced. We analyze impact of market rule revision in 2007 on base load generators and suggest improvement scheme to enforce market system in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.06a
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• pp.50-51
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• 2012

The final purpose of this study is to develop a hybrid ocean power generation system which has innovate and very high efficiency performance, and which can be operated on both emergency and normal conditions. So, A survey on the electricity power consumption of residential areas at island on south coast.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.136-137
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• 2011

The final purpose of this study is to develop a hybrid ocean power generation system which has innovate and very high efficiency performance, and which can be operated on both emergency and normal conditions. So, A survey on the electricity power consumption of residential areas at island on south coast.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
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• v.3A no.1
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• pp.42-46
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• 2003

The economic operation of a utility in a deregulated environment brings about optimization problems different from those in vertically integrated one［1］. While each utility operates its own generation capacity to maximize profit, the market operator (or system operator) manages and allocates all the system resources and facilities to achieve the maximum social welfare. This paper presents a sequential application of non-cooperative and cooperative game theories in analyzing the entire power transaction process.

• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.100-105
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• 1998

Along with fusion energy, photovoltaic solar energy conversion has long been considered as one of the few sustainable options for large scale energy supply in the future. In the past, commercial use has been restricted largely to remote area applications where conventional electricity is expensive. However, 1998 marked a year of transition where the major application of the cells changed to become generation of residential electricity in urban areas already supplied by the conventional grid. The current state of the technology is discussed as are major overseas programs to accelerate the urban residential use of photovoltaics, particularly in Japan, Europe and the United States, includng the "million roof" program in the latter. Finally, the planned use of photovoltaics in the Sydney 2000 Olympics is described, where the technology will be used to provide most of the electricity requirements of the 665 residences which will be a legacy of the Olympic Village.