• 한국결정학회지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.157-161
• /
• 2001

Pb계 완화형 강유전체인 Pb(Mg/sub ⅓/Nb/sub ⅔/O₃계에서 relaxation 현상과 freezing 거동을 살펴보기위해 낮은 전계에서 측정된 물성들과 강전계 하에서 측정된 물성들을 다양한 주파수 범위에서 비교분석하였다. -40∼90℃의 상전이 온도범위에 걸쳐 1 V/mm의 낮은전계에서 측정된 유전특성의 온도의존성을 구하고 유전이력곡선의 기울기로부터 계산된 유전상수의 온도의존성을 관찰하였다. 이상의 결과와 함께 초전 전류의 온도의존성을 검토한 결과 Vogel-Fulcher 관계식에 비교적 잘 일치되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 일정한 경향을 나타내는 freezing 온도를 산출할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.681-691
• /
• 2006

Nucleate boiling heat transfer for refrigerants, R113, and R113+wt4% ethanol mixture, an azeotropic mixture under electric field was investigated experimentally in a single-tube shell/ tube heat exchanger. A special electrode configuration which provides a more uniform electric field that produces more higher voltage limit against the dielectric breakdown was used in this study. Experimental study has revealed that the electrical charge relaxation time is an important parameter for the boiling heat transfer enhancement under electric field. Up to 1210% enhancement of boiling heat transfer was obtained for R113+wt4% ethanol mixture which has the electrical charge relaxation time of 0.0053 sec whereas only 280% enhancement obtained for R113 which has relaxation time of 0.97 sec. With artificially machined boiling surface, more enhancement in the heat transfer coefficient in the azeotropic mixture was obtained.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제38권10호
• /
• pp.953-957
• /
• 2001

완화형 강유전체인 $Pb(Mg_{1/3}Nb_{2/3})O_3$계의 상전이 주파수의존성을 조사하기 위해 낮은 전계와 높은 전계 하에서 측정된 물성들을 1 Hz부터 100 kHz에 이르는 주파수 범위에서 비교 분석하였다. $-40{\sim}90^{\circ}C$의 상전이 온도범위에 걸쳐 1 V/mm의 낮은 전계에서 측정된 유전특성의 온도의존성을 구하였고, 수 kV/mm의 강전계 하에서 측정된 유전이력곡선의 기울기로부터 계산된 유전상수의 온도의존성 및 초전전류의 온도의존성을 검토하였다. 모든 실험적 결과와 Vogel-Fulcher 관계식은 비교적 잘 일치되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 유전완화현상은 약전계 조건 뿐 아니라 강전계 조건 하에서도 동일한 거동을 보이는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.221-228
• /
• 1998

In this study, the $\beta$-Polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) thin films were fabricated by physical vapor deposition method. Also, the properties of dielectric relaxation were studied to understand carrier's behavior of PVDF thin films, to be regarded as the excellent piezo and pyroelectricity. In the process of vapor deposition, the $\beta$-PVDF thin films have been fabricated under the condition of the substrate temperature at 3$0^{\circ}C$, the applied electric field at 142.8kV/cm and the pressure at 2.0${\times}10^{-5}$torr. The dielectric properties of PVDF have been studied in the frequency range 10Hz to 1MHz at temperature from 30 to $100^{\circ}C$. The relative dielectric constant of $\alpha$ and $\beta$-PVDF were 6.8 and 9.8, respectively, under a frequency of 1kHz. Such a phenomenon was caused by the decrease in intermolecular forces originated by the phase-transition from the TGTG' molecular conformation to the TT planar zig-zag conformation. And the relative dielectric constant is increased as a measuring temperature increases, because of the reduction of relaxation time caused by the decrease of intermolecular force.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.40-53
• /
• 2011

The NMR spectra of $Li_3Rb(SO_4)_2$ crystals and their relaxation processes were investigated by using $^7Li$ and $^{87}Rb$ NMR. The relaxation rates of the $^7Li$ and $^{87}Rb$ nuclei in the crystals were found to increase with increasing temperature, and can be described by the relation $T_1^{-1}{\propto}AT^2$. The dominant relaxation mechanism for these nuclei with electric quadrupole moments is provided by the coupling of these moments to the thermal fluctuations of the local electric field gradient via Raman spin-phonon processes.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제23권6호
• /
• pp.491-496
• /
• 2010

The relaxation behavior of aligned electric dipoles in a mixed polymer of P2ANS with P(VDF-TrFE) is studied with optical second harmonic generation (SHG). In this work, a macroscopic noncentrosymmetry of the spin coated film was achieved by an electrical poling. The relaxation of induced polar order of nonlinear optic(NLO) chromophores after poling leads to an insufficient long-term stability of NLO properties. In this work, we develop a new technique to suppress such kind of dipole relaxation in a poled polymer. We found that the poled dipoles in a NLO polymer were effectively immobilized by the internal electric field created by a thermally annealed ferroelectric polymer. The long-term stability in a mixed system of NLO polymer/ferroelectric polymer was successively accomplished by a series of thermal treatments applied to the mixed polymer system at a temperature of $140^{\circ}C$ for at least 1hour after poling.

• E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.334-341
• /
• 1997

Streaming electrification on insulating paper and pressboard under D.C. and A.C. electric field was investigated by using paper tubes and oil circulation apparatus. At first, flowing of static charges as measured with no electric field. As the temperature of oil increased, the measured current curve hows peak. As the velocity increased, it shows increasing exponential curve. Then, we applied A.C. and D.C. electric field on paper tube and the current from relaxation tank to earth was measured, which other factors such as temperature and velocity were varied like case of no electric field. The ions in oil carry the charges. So electric field makes asymmetry effect, and electrophoretic effect on ions in oil. We find that as the electric field intensity increased, the charges which were made by electric double layer were increased. The charge vs. velocity curve made peak point at a velocity.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제56권2호
• /
• pp.343-348
• /
• 2007

The physical properties of DMPC monolayer were made for dielectric relaxation phenomena by the detection of the surface pressures and displacements current. Lipid thin films were deposited by accumulation and the current was measured after the electric bias across the manufactured MIM device. It is found that the phospolipid monolayer of dielectric relaxation takes a little time and depend on the molecular area. When electric bias is applied across the manufactured MIM device by the deposition condition of phospolipid mono-layer, it wasn't breakdown when the higher electric field to impress by increase of deposition layers.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제11권1호
• /
• pp.314-319
• /
• 2010

본 논문은 초고압 전력케이블의 접속재 개발을 위한 연구결과로써, 접속시스템의 핵심기술인 고절연 고무슬리브의 현장 접속 작업의 용이성을 위한 Carrier Pipe의 구조해석과 주요부의 전기적 특성과 전계의 집중을 완화하기 위한 수치해석 등을 실시하여 구조적 안정성을 평가하려 한다. 절연설계 및 전계완화 해석에 의한 검증과 접속재의 수축거동 해석에 의한 Carrier Pipe의 최적화된 형상으로 두께가 최소 9mm이상을 갖는 Carrier Pipe가 필요하며, 전기적 전계완화 해석결과 고절연 고무슬리브의 중앙매립전극 경계면으로써, 접속재 수축거동 해석 결과와도 일치함을 검증할 수 있었다.

• 대한수의학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.279-285
• /
• 1995

To characterize non-adrenergic non-cholinergic(NANC) nerve mediated contractile responses in circular smooth muscle of bovine reticular groove, we investigated NANC relaxation and contraction induced by electric field stimulation to enteric nerves. In the presence of atropine($1{\mu}M$) and guanethidine($50{\mu}M$), electric field stimulation at frequency of 1 to 16Hz(square pulses, 0.5ms duration, 70V) evoked clear-cut relaxations through stimulations. Transient 'rebound contraction' was occured when the stimulus was switched off. All of the responses (relaxation and rebound contraction) were dose-dependently blocked by Nw-nitro-$_{\small{L}}$-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis, and methylene blue, and inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase. Tetraethyl ammonium(TEA), a potassium channel blocker, did not block the NANC relaxations.