• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.108-132
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• 1992

The purpose of this study· is to identify sources of the caregiving burden, thereby suggesting social welfare alternetives for supporting family caregivers of the elderly with dementia. 23 family caregivers who participated in self-help group of family caregivers of dementia elderly at a welfare facility for the elderly in Seoul were seleted as the study sample. Zarit caregiving burden scale and Zarit functional impairment measurement for the elderly were adapted for this study and a number of additional variables were included in this study. Correlational analysis was utilized. The results of the study were summarized as follows : 1) The impairment of activities of daily living of the elderly was significantly related to the negative elderly. caregiver-family relationship(PADL:r=.6032 IADL : r=.5930 p<.05). 2) The impact on caregiver's health was very significantly related to the impact on the caregiver's task(r=.6233 p<.001). 3) The Impact on caregiver's health was very significantly related to the impact on the caregiver's social activity restriction(r=.6851 p<.001). 4) The impact on the caregiver's social activity was very significantly related to the impact on the caregiver's task(r=.6969 p<.001). 5) Caregiver's income was significantly related to the impact on the caregiver's task(r=.5252 p<.05). 6) Compensation(interpersonal relationship between the elderly and the caregivers, social praise and appreciation of the elderly) was important variables which affect to the feeling of the caregiving burden.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.71-83
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• 1991

This study examines a pattern of family caregiving and its effect on life satisfaction of disabled elderly people. Data were gathered through the use of face-to-face interview method from a sample of 135 elderly aged over 60. One-third of the elderly respondents have no family caregiver. Most of caregivers provide routine household chores and physical help, but persnal care such as bathing and changing clothes was taken by elderly people themselves. The caregiver in an elderly couple is most likely the wife. When a spouse is unavailable, daughters-in law usually assume the role of a primary caregiver. Sex difference has been found in the most comfortable caregiver for the elderly. The most comfortable caregiver for the elderly men is shown to be their spouse, whereas the one for the elderly women is show to be their daughter-in-law. Most of the disabled elderly are emotionally dependent on their son(usually their eldest son), but physically dependent on their spouse, daughter-in-law, or daughter. The caregivers are dominated by women. Among those elderly receiving care from their children, the relationship between the aged their caregiver is found to be closer than the past when the aged were healthy: however, this relationship is found to be almost the same as the past among those elderly receiving care from their spouse. Finally, the degree of family solidarity, satisfaction with received cares, and the relationship with caregivers are found to be closely related to life satisfaction of the elderly respondents.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2011

This study examined how caregiving experiences of spouses and adult children were different to each other in terms of caregiver characteristics, the impairment level of the elderly, caregiving time, caregiver burden, the effects of long-term care services, etc. Data were collected from 321 spouses and 324 adult children who cared for the functionally and/or cognitively impaired elderly using long-term care services. The main results are as follows. (1) Caregiver characteristics differed significantly between spouses and adult children. (2) Adult children cared for the more severely impaired elderly in terms of IADL, cognitive impairment, and behavior problems while spouses spent more time helping in ADL activities. (3) Spouse caregivers experienced greater overall burden, worry and strain, and financial burden compared to adult child caregivers. (4) Long-term care services were effective in reducing caregiver burden and improving family relations. Additionally, relations between adult child caregivers and the elderly was more improved than relations between spouse caregivers and the elderly after using long-term care services. Based on these findings, the differential experiences between spouse caregivers and adult child caregivers were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.200-210
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the training effectiveness and behavior towards the elderly of 180 caregiver trainees. Methods: Data were collected from five caregiver training institutions located in G city. All subjects were surveyed about the training effectiveness and behavior towards the elderly by using the Training Effectiveness Scale and the Behavior towards the Elderly Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: The study subjects gained a training effectiveness score of 3.84 out of 5 points and a behavior towards the elderly score 3.40 out of 4 points. The training effectiveness differed significantly depending on subject's characteristics, intention to work as a caregiver, and hours of training. There were significant differences in behavior towards the elderly depending on their age and hours of training. The training effectiveness was significantly correlated with the level of behavior towards the elderly. Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the necessity of developing a level of educational training that will help improve caregiver trainees' care by positively changing their behavior towards the elderly.

• Journal of Family Relations
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.3-23
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of symptoms of dementia elderly on the primary caregiver's depression. In addition, moderating effect of family support was examined. Based on the results, the necessity for intervention in the level of social welfare as a way to mitigate primary caregiver's depression was suggested. Method: In order to accomplish these purposes, a total of 197 who are spouse and adult-children of dementia elderly using day care facilities or services in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Busan province, South Korea were utilized. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis and descriptive statistics, regression model analysis with SPSS 18.0. Results: In case of analysis results, the mean value was reported 0.9 out of four point about primary caregiver's depression and the mean value of family support was reported 3.34 out of five point. And besides, the analysis result of dementia elderly's symptoms showed that prevalence of depression/dysphoria were 62.2%, prevalence of aberrant motor were 61.3%, prevalence of apathy/indifference were 56.6%. Crucial findings are as follows: the symptoms of dementia elderly was significantly associated with the primary caregiver's depression. At the same time, family support significantly influenced lower level of the primary caregiver's depression. While, in the relationship between the symptoms of dementia elderly and the primary caregiver's depression, family support has a moderation effect by important protection factor. Conclusions: From these findings, the necessities to provide the care service for dementia elderly to help improve symptoms of dementia as well as the policy and service to manage the mental health of the family as primary caregiver were suggested. Also, the necessities to provide the family therapy program to improve the relationship with family members were suggested.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.3-15
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• 2017

The study on bathroom plan for the elderly who use wheelchair has been done continuously. However, the elderly's behaviour at the bathroom and consideration for the caregiver has been underestimated. In this perspective, the purpose of this study is to find out how much more bathroom size is needed for the elderly who use wheelchair and the caregiver based on their behaviours. The study method is as follows: First, behaviours which occur at bathroom were collected from the previous research. Second, the size needed was calculated based on the elderly and caregiver's movement. Third, the size of bathroom enough for the impaired elderly with caregivers was suggested. The room next to shower booth and bath tub should be expanded for the caregiver. In addition, the room beside the basin should be added as much as $600{\times}600$ to let the caregiver stand and support the elderly when they are needed to wash their hair. As a result, the size of bathroom should be at least planed as follow; $1.3m^2$ more for type A, $1.5m^2$ more for type B, $1.6m^2$ more for type C, and $1.1m^2$ more for type D. As the bathroom is the room that the elderly want to modify for their rest of the lives, the room should be reserved enough from the early stage of design, so that this will make the elderly be possible stay at the place until they want to stay.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1419-1433
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• 1999

Little is known about the impact of family caregiving for the demented elderly in Korea. The purpose of this study was to identify the current state of development of family caregiving research for the demented elderly in Korea and to identify correlates of caregiver or health problems and burdens within the socio-political contexts of Korea. A critical review of 17 family caregivers was carried out. The review revealed that various caregiving impacts and correlates of caregiver burden or health problems have been studied in relation to demented elderly family caregiving. Family caregiving for the demented elderly is a very complex phenomenon and various factors were related to caregiver burden, or their emotional and physical health. Findings from studies reviewed have shown inconsistent, inconclusive, and contradictory results. Furthermore, several conceptual and methodological problems were identified in the studies reviewed: restricted conceptualization, unrepresentative study samples, inadequate sample size, inappropriate study design, absence of comparison groups, inappropriate psychometric properties, and uncontrolled confounding factors. More research, as well as directions for further research, is recommended to identify family caregiving the impact of for the demented elderly, and to clarify the factors that explain results.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.22-30
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined caregiver trainees' knowledge and attitude toward the elderly. Method: This descriptive study was conducted with a convenient sample of 119 trainees in a long-term caregiver education program at one university. Following completion of a self-reported questionnaire, knowledge and attitude were measured using FAQ1(Palmore, 1998) and a 20-item semantic differential scale(Sanders et al., 1984). The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis by SPSS version 12.0. Results: The mean score of respondents' knowledge and attitude toward the elderly was $13.51{\pm}2.77$ out of 25 and $81.71{\pm}20.10$ out of 100, respectively. Caregiver trainees' education level and age influenced their knowledge and attitude, respectively, toward the elderly. Conclusion: Caregiver training for the elderly should involve a well-designed education program and continuous teaching that takes into account trainee education and age.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.446-450
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• 2012

Purpose: This study is exploratory research to check the survey instrument KDSQ-C used to measure cognition for agreement between the elderly and their caregivers. Methods: Elderly persons from 170 families, who are aged over 65, have never been diagnosed with dementia, and who have caregivers in S City and K City were randomly selected by their nurses. A survey was conducted in the time from September to November, 2009 through personal interviews using a questionnaire. Results: In terms of consistency among items, there was high consistency (0.813) in the responses regarding complex task competence for the statement 'it is hard to reach a destination alone with public transportation'. There was relatively low consistency (0.63) in the responses regard memory for the statement 'they forget an appointment'. When the subject elderly and caregiver live together, as when their children or spouses responded, consistency was greater than when the caregiver lived in a different home. Conclusion: KDSQ-C showed high agreement in measurement between the subject elderly and their caregivers, demonstrating that it can be used as a measurement scale for cognition which can be directly applied to the subject elderly.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.2
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• pp.19-34
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to analysis level on family caregiver's burden for the elderly with chronic disease in a rural area and to choose priority care group, thereby facilitating the development of interventions to reduce the caregiver's burden. For this purpose, data were collected by questionaire from June 10 to October 8, 1994. The instruments for data collection were Caregiver Burden Inventory by Novak(1989) and Zarit et al(1982), severity of dementia by Hughes Scales(1982), ADL by Lawton(1971), patients' family caregiving activity by pre-survey and reference review(Lee, 1993 ; Jang, 1990 ; Yoo, 1982). The subjects were 213 family caregiver of elderly with chronic disease in a rural area. The data was analysed by the use of t-test, ANOVA, correlation and multiple regression. The results were as follows ; 1. Total burden was evaluated below average, the mean of family burden was 46.98. By the diagnostic classification, Hypertension was 27.37, DM 32.46, CVA 62.96, Dementia 61.24. 2. Significant variables which were correlated to the family caregiver's burden were the patient's disease diagnosis (F=33.82, p<0.001), severity of dementia(F=30.52, p<0.001), the status of disease management(F=11.53, p<0.001), ADL(F=10.54, p<0.001), PADL(F=7.50, p<0.001), income(F=7.17, p<0.001), caregiver's health status(F=24.53, p<0.001), a view of patient's prognosis (F=22.17, p<0.001), relationship with the patient(F=33.82, p<0.001), the number of hours per day spent on caregiving(F=77.52, p<0.001), level of intimacy of caregiver and patients(F=8.75, p<0.001), level of helping(F=4.90, p<0.01), the frequency of caregiving activity(F=3.80, p<0.01), the number of admission(F=5.54, p<0.01), the length of caregiving(F=4.43, p<0.01), other chronic patient in family(t=2.81, p<0.01), caregiver's job(F=3.11, p<0.01), the duration of illness(F=2.98, p<0.05), caregiver's religion(F=2.93, p<0.05), medical security(F=3.89, p<0.05), caregiving's helper(t=2.42, p<0.05). 3. PADL was the most important predictor to family caregiver burden(R2=0.6611). In addition to this, IADL, caregiver's health status, the length of caregiving. level of intimacy of caregiver and patients, patient's age, the patient's disease diagnosis and patient's job accounted for 76% of family caregiver burden. 4. The criteria of priority care group were as follows ; the mean of family caregiver burden was above 58, above of moderate ADL, the number of hours per day spent on caregiving above of 8 hours, above of moderate dementia. By the diagnostic classification, number of priority care group, Hypertension was 4 (8.0%), DM 4(8.0%), CVA 34(64.1%), Dementia 45(75.0%).