• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.426-435
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• 2007

The present study was designed to determine the antitumor and antioxidant properties of methanol extract from the root of Galega purpurea (Papilionaceae) (MEGP) against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) bearing Swiss albino mice. Acute and short-term toxicity studies were performed initially in order to ascertain the safety of MEGP. The effect of MEGP on the growth of transplantable murine tumor, life span of EAC bearing hosts and simultaneous alterations in the hematological profile and liver biochemical parameters (lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes) were estimated. The MEGP showed decrease in tumor volume, packed cell volume and viable cell count and increases the nonviable cell count and mean survival time thereby increasing life span of EAC tumor bearing mice. Hematological profile reverted to more or less normal levels in extract treated mice. Treatment with MEGP decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation and increased the levels of glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The results suggested that the methanol extract of Galega purpurea root exhibited antitumor effect by modulating lipid peroxidation and augmenting antioxidant defense system in EAC bearing mice.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.191-206
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• 1997

In order to investingate the effects of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang Extract on antitumor effects after human cell lines(A549, hep3B, Caki-1, Ehrlich) transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or right groin in mice induced by RPMI 1640 and GIBCO etc., the extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 10 or 12days. Experimental studies were performed for measurance of antitumor effect of MMC(Mitomycin C) and lysosomal enzyme's activities using colony forming efficiency, SRB assay which were regarded as a valuable method for antitumor effects of unknown compound on tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this studies were as follows: 1. According to the change of colony-forming efficiency and SRB assay of Caki-1 cell, hep3B and A549 cells after exposure to the extract of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract, that extract depressed the growth of tumor cells depending on its concentration. 2. Antitumor activities of the ethanol extract from Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC on ascites form of Ehrlich carcinoma in mice is a little improved. Especially mean survival times of the group of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract 200mg/kg and MMC 0.1mg/kg is improved over 30%. 3. When Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC are administerated together, the weight of tumor is more decreased than MMC alone. 4. The effects of the Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC on the lysosomal enzymes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell are more significantly improved than MMC alone. 5. Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract also increased the uptake of MMC into Ehrlich carcinoma cells. According to the above results, it could be suggested that Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract has indirect autitumor effects by strengthening the effects of MMC on tumor cells.

• 대한한방종양학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.149-167
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• 1997

In order to investingate the effects of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang Extract on antitumor effects after human cell lines(A549, hep3B, Caki-1, Ehrlich) transplantation into the peritoneal cavity or right groin in mice induced by RPMI 1640 and GIBCO etc., the extracts of its herbal medicines were orally administered for 10 or 12days. Experimental studies were performed for measurance of antitumor effect of MMC(Mitomycin C) and lysosomal enzyme's activities using colony forming efficiency, SRB assay which were regarded as a valuable method for antitumor effects of unknown compound on tumor cell lines. The results obtained in this studies were as follows: 1. According to the change of colony-forming efficiency and SRB assay of Caki-1 cell, hep3B and A549 cells after exposure to the extract of Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract, that extract depressed the growth of tumor cells depending on its concentration. 2. Antitumor activities of the ethanol extract from Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC on ascites form of Ehrlich carcinoma in mice is a little improved. Especially mean survival times of the group of Jukyeopseokgotang-gagambang extract 200mg／kg and MMC 0.1mg／kg is improved over 30%. 3. When Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC are administerated together, the weight of tumor is more decreased than MMC alone. 4. The effects of the Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract and MMC on the lysosomal enzymes in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell are more significantly improved than MMC alone. 5. Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract also increased the uptake of MMC into Ehrlich carcinoma cells. According to the above results. it could be suggested that Jukyeopseokgotanggagambang extract has indirect autitumor effects by strengthening the effects of MMC on tumor cells.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.408-415
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• 2008

In the present study, the ethanolic leaf and bark extract of Wrightia tomentosa were tested for comparative in vivo antitumour properties against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) tumour bearing mice at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight doses given orally once daily for 16 days. The EAC mice receiving 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic leaf and bark extract showed a dose dependent elevation in tumour, free survival and a highest number of survivors were observed at 200 mg/ kg for leaf extract of ethanol, which was considered as an optimum dose for its anti neoplastic action. The Median survival time for this dose was approximately 44 days when compared with 23 days of non-drug treated controls. The results indicate that the administration of leaf extract not only increased the survival of animals with ascites tumour and reduced packed cell volume and viable tissue cell count, but also altered many hematological parameters changed during tumour progression, indicating the potent antitumour nature of leaf extract than the bark extract. Statistical analysis also reveals that the leaf extract showed highly significant anti tumour potency (p < 0.001) when compared with control.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2008

The influence of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on the bone marrow (BM) natural suppressor (NS) cells of intact Ehrlich carcinoma -bearing CBA mice was studied. Bone marrow NS cells were fractionated into three fractions by isopycnic centrifugation on percoll gradients: NS1 (${\rho}$=1.080 g/ml), NS2 (${\rho}$=1.090 g/ml) and NS3 (1.100> ${\rho}$ > 1.090 g/ml). These fractions were highly different in their sensitivity to known NS cell inductors (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3 or histamine). None of the NS fractions isolated from the intact mice spontaneously produced antiproliferative activity, however, they showed a high level of NS (antiproliferative and natural killer cell inhibitory) activity under the influence of AFP. A single injection of AFP to intact mice led to an increase of spontaneous NS activity and the inhibition of natural killer cell activity. NS activity, especially NS2, was increased in when tumor cells were subcutaneously inoculated three days after AFP injection. In the AFP-treated mice, the tumor mass at 14 days was 60% larger than that in the untreated mice. Our data confirmed that AFP is a tumor marker that can inhibit cancer immunity and plays a role in cancer pathogenesis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.54-60
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• 2007

The plant Ichnocarpus frutescens (Linn) R.Br. (Family-Apocynaceae) has been indicated for the treatment of various diseases, one amongst it is cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate experimentally the possible antitumor activity and antioxidant role of Ichnocarpus frutescens in the mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). The chloroform and methanol extract of whole plant of Ichnocarpus frutescens (CEIF and MEIF) were administered intraperitoneally at the dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg, body weight per day for 7 days after 24 h of tumor inoculation in mice. Treatment with CEIF at the dose of 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg remarkably decreased the tumor volume, packed cell volume, viable cell count and increased the nonviable cell count of EAC tumor bearing mice when compared to e effect of MEIF at 150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg. Further the EAC mice treated with CEIF and MEIF showed significant decrease in the level of lipid peroxidation and significant increase in the level of antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), however the decreasing and increasing capacity of CEIF was less in both doses as compared to MEIF. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the chloroform and methanol extact of Ichnocarpus frutescens exhibit significant antitumor and antioxidant activity in EAC bearing mice.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.205-218
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• 2009

이 실험은 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 후 BCG를 투여하였을 때, 위점막 상피세포의 형태학적 변화와 DNA합성능의 변화를 연구하고자 시행하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 25 g 내외의 성숙한 생쥐(ICR계통)를 정상대조군, 종양세포이식대조군(종양대조군), 종양세포이식후 BCG투여군(BCG투여군)으로 구분하였다. 종양대조군과 BCG투여군 동물들은 샅부위 피하에 각각 $1{\times}10^7$의 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 후, 다음날부터 BCG ($0.6{\times}10^8{\sim}6.4{\times}10^8$ CFU, 27 mg/vial, Connaught Lab., Canada)를 하루건너 한 번씩 피부밑조직에 주사하였으며, 종양대조군은 종양세포이식 후에 BCG 대신 0.2mL의 생리식염수를 피부밑조직에 주사하였다. 자기방사법적 관찰을 위해서는 BCG를 마지막으로 주사한 다음날 $^3H$-thymidine (methyl-$^3H$-thymidine: specific activity 25 Ci/mmol, Amersham Lab., England) 0.7${\mu}Ci/gm$를 꼬리정맥에 주사하고, 70분 후 도살하여 위조직을 떼어내어 10% formalin에 고정하였다. 자기방사표본관찰은 위점막 조직이 세로로 잘 절단된 부위를 택하여 점막근육판을 따라 점막길이 3.5mm의 위점막 조직에 분포하는 $^3H$-thymidine 표지세포의 수를 계수하였으며, 일반조직 관찰을 위해서는 hematoxylin-eosin (H-E)염색을 시행하였다. 전자현미경 관찰을 위해서는 떼어낸 위조직을 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde 혼합액에 고정한 후, 1% osmium tetroxide 액에 다시 고정하였으며, 고정이 끝난 조직은 탈수과정을 거쳐 araldite 혼합액에 포매하였다. 광학현미경적 관찰에서 종양대조군과 BCG투여군은 위점막 조직에서 형태적으로 큰 변화를 볼 수 없었다. 전자현미경적 관찰에서 BCG투여군의 점액상피세포는 전체적인 모습이 정상대조군과 종양대조군의 소견과 유사하였으나 정상대조군과 종양대조군에 비해 수초구조와 뭇소포체(multivesicular body) 및 전자밀도가 높은 큰 미토콘드리아속과립이 자주 관찰되었다. 자기방사법적 관찰에서 정상대조군, 종양대조군, BCG투여군은 점막길이 3.5 mm 당 출현하는 표지세포수가 각각 380.2 (${\pm}31.35$), 426.1 (${\pm}28.43$) 및 301.8 (${\pm}34.63$)개이었으며, BCG투여군은 정상대조군과 종양대조군에 비하여 표지된 은입자의 수가 매우 적어서 표지과립이 겨우 구별될 정도의 세포가 많이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 Ehrlich 종양세포를 이식한 동물에 BCG를 반복 투여하면 위점막 상피세포의 DNA합성을 효과적으로 억제하면서도 형태적인 변화가 매우 경미하였으며, 이러한 결과는 BCG가 항암치료 시 보조제로 사용할 수 있는 좋은 약제라고 생각된다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2006

The antitumor activity of crude saponin mixture obtained from Luffa tuberosa (Roxb.) (Fam; Cucurbitaceae) hairy roots (CSLT) in mice transplanted with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) was investigated. The EAC-bearing mice receiving 150 and $300{\mu}g/kg$ body weight, (i.p) of CSLT have shown a dose dependent elevation in tumor-tree survival and a highest number of survivors were observed after administration of CSLT $(300{\mu}g/kg)$, which was considered as an optimum dose for its antineoplastic action. The mean survival time (MST) for this dose was approximately $47.1{\pm}0.74d$, when compared with $19.0{\pm}0.36d$ of untreated control. Administration of $300{\mu}g/kg$ CSLT resulted in 130% long-term increased survival time. The measurement of body weight, tumor volume, packed cell volume, viable and non-viable count indicated the efficacy of CSLT in tumor-bearing mice, there was a significant recovery in hematological profiles, and there was depletion in lipid peroxidation levels, and the antioxidant enzyme activities such as GSH, SOD and CAT were restored to near the normal levels. The CSLT was found to be devoid of conspicuous short-term toxicity in the mice when animals were intraperitoneally injected with 250, 500, 750 and $1000{\mu}g/kg$ bodyweight. The treated mice showed conspicuous toxic symptoms only at a dose of $1500{\mu}g/kg$. Mortality of the animals was monitored up to 14 d post drug treatment, $1/7^{th}$ of the $LD_{50}$ dose has been considered for the optimal antineoplastic activity.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.153-163
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• 2005

이 연구는 생쥐의 샅부위에 Ehrlich 암세포를 이식한 후 BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin)를 투여하였을 때, 위점막 으뜸세포의 미세구조에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 시행하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 25 g 내외의 ICR생쥐를 사용하였으며 정상대조군과 실험군으로 구분하였다. 정상대조군 이외의 실험군 동물들은 샅부위 피부밑조직에 각각 $1x10^7$개의 Ehrlich암세포를 이식한 후, 다음날부터 BCG 투여군은 BCG를 피부밑조직에 격일 간격으로 7회 투여했으며, 종양대조군은 암세포이식 후에 약제 대신 0.2 mL의 생리식염수를 피부밑조직에 격일간격으로 7회 주사하였고, 정상대조군은 암세포를 이식하지 않은 동물을 사용하였다. 모든 실험군은 마지막 주사한 다음날 오전 10시에서 11시 사이에 ether마취하에 앞배벽을 열어 위조직을 절취하였다. 절취한 조직은 통상적인 방법으로 전자현미경관찰을 위한 표본을 작성한 후, JEM 100 CX-II 전자현미경으로 비교 관찰하였다. 각 세포는 5,300 배율로 촬영한 후 3배로 확대 인화한 사진을 비교 관찰하였으며, 각 실험군마다 200개 이상의 과립의 지름과 사립체의 크기(장경)를 측정하였으며 student-t test를 이용하여 통계처리 하였다. BCG 투여군의 으뜸세포는 과립세포질세망과 골지복합체의 수조가 다소 팽대되고 수초구조가 다소 많이 관찰되는 이외는 정상대조군에 비해 큰 차이가 없었다. 으뜸 세포의 분비과립의 크기는 정상대조군, 종양대조군 및 BCG 투여군의 경우 각각 $0.98({\pm}0.108){\mu}m,\;1.05({\pm}0.092){\mu}m$ 및 $0.93({\pm}0.053){\mu}m$ 였다. 으뜸세포의 사립체의 크기는 정상대조군, 종양대조군 및 BCG 투여군이 각각 $0.80({\pm}0.130){\mu}m,\;0.83({\pm}0.143){\mu}m$ 및 $0.72({\pm}0.078){\mu}m$ 였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면 BCG를 반복 투여하면 위점막으뜸세포의 분비과립이 약간 작아지는 등 분비기능이 다소 억제되나 그 정도가 경미하여 으뜸세포의 분비기능에 큰 손상을 주지 않는 것으로 생각된다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2007

Ehrlich 암세포를 샅부위에 이식한 후 BCG를 투여하였을 때 생쥐 막창자꼬리점막 흡수세포의 미세구조적 변화를 관찰하였다. 실험동물로는 체중 25 gm내외의 성숙한 생쥐 (ICR계통)를 정상대조군, 암세포이식대조군, BCG투여군으로 구분하였다. 암세포이식대조군과 BCG투여군 동물들은 샅부위 피부밑조직에 각각$1{\times}10^7$의 Ehrlich 암세포를 주사하여 이식하였다. 암세포이식대조군은 암세포이식 후에 약제 대신 0.5mL의 생리식염수를, BCG 투여군은 일정량(0.5 mL/25 gm B.W.: $0.03{\times}10^8{\sim}0.32{\times}10^8CFU$)의 BCG를 하루건너 한 번씩 7번 피부밑조직에 주사하였다. 절취된 막창자꼬리조직은 통상적인 방법으로 고정 및 탈수과정을 거쳐 araldite 혼합액에 포매하여 절편을 만든 다음 JEM 100CX-II(JEOL, Japan)전자현미경으로 비교 관찰하였다. 정상군 막창자꼬리점막의 흡수세포는 미세융모, 골지복합체, 과립세포질세망 및 자유면쪽의 미세소포 등, 미세구조가 전형적인 소화관 흡수세포의 것과 유사하였다. 암세포이식대조군의 흡수세포는 자유면쪽에 미세융모가 매우 조밀하게 형성되고 작은 소포들이 다수 관찰되고, 다수의 사립체, 잘 발달된 골지복합체, 과립세포질세망 및 용해소체를 포함하고 있는 모습이 정상대조군의 모습과 유사하였다. BCG투여군의 흡수세포는 세포소기관의 미세구조를 비롯한 전체적인 모습이 정상대조군의 모습과 유사하였으나 세포질 내에 말이집구조를 포함하고 있는 세포들이 자주 관찰되었으며, 사립체에 전자밀도가 높은 과립모양의 구조를 포함하고 있는 세포들이 비교적 자주 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 BCG를 반복 투여하면 막창자꼬리점막의 흡수세포는 미세구조에 다소 손상을 받아 흡수기능이 다소 억제되나 그 정도가 매우 경미하였으므로 BCG는 막창자꼬리점막 흡수세포의 기능에 큰 손상을 주지 않는다고 생각된다.