• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.369-376
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• 2003

본 연구는 대사에너지(ME)와 조단백질(CP) 수준이 강제환우를 실행한 산란노계의 생산성과 난품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 실시하였다. 강제환우를 실시한 66주령의 이사브라운 산란계 432수 ME 3 수준(2,750, 2,800, 2,850 kcal/kg)과 CP 2수준(15, 17%)의 전체 6 종류 실험사료를 급여하였다. 조사항목으로 ME와 CP의 수준에 따른 산란율과 난중, 사료섭취량을 24주간 측정하였으며, 1일 산란양과 사료요구율을 조사하였다. 난품질은 산란시기별로 5, 50%, 산란피크, 피크 후기, 실험 종료시에 각각 Haugh unit과 난황색, 파각강도를 측정하였다. 산란율은 ME 2,800 kcal/kg과 CP 15%를 급여한 처리구에서 다른 처리구에 비하여 현저하게 높았다(P<0.05). 난중은 ME 2,800 kcal/kg을 급여한 닭에서 증가하는 경향을 나타났다. 1일 산란양은 CP 15%와 ME 2,800 kcal/kg을 섭취한 처리구에서 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 사료섭취량은 ME와 CP의 수준이 증가할수록 현저하게 감소하였다 (P<0.05). 난황색은 CP 17%를 급여한 처리구에서 CP 15% 처리구에 비하여 현저히 개선되었으며, CP 17%와 ME 2,800 또는 2,850 kcal/kg 급여구에서 높은 경향을 나타냈다. 파각강도는 CP 15%와 ME 2,800 kcal/kg을 급여한 닭에서 증가하였다. 본 연구의 결과 강제 환우계에서 산란율과 난품질을 극대화 할 수 있는 사료내 최적의 ME와 CP는 15%와 2,800 kcal/kg 수준으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2014

본 실험은 Cu-soy proteinate(Cu-SP)와 Herb-Mix(HBM)을 단독 또는 혼합급여가 산란계의 생산성, 혈액성상 및 면역체계에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 사양시험은 60주령의 산란계(Hy-Line Brown) 800수를 선별하여 A형 2단 4열 케이지에 대조구 포함 총 4처리구로 구성하여 처리 당 5반복, 반복당 40수씩(2수 수용 케이지 25개) 난괴법으로 임의 배치하였다. 시험 기간 동안 물과 사료는 자유 섭취하게 하였으며, 일반적인 점등 관리(자연일조+조명=16 hr)를 실시하였다. 처리구들은 대조구, Cu-SP(Cu-soy proteinate로 Cu 100 ppm 첨가구), HBM(지황 10%, 산약 10%, 당귀 20%, 오미자 5%, 감초 5%, 천궁 10%) 0.15% 첨가구, Cu-SP+HBM(Cu-spy proteinate로 Cu 100 ppm 첨가구+HBM 0.15%) 첨가구는 총 4 처리구였다. 5주간의 사양 실험 결과, 일계 산란율(Hen-day egg production)은 Cu-SP구와 HBM의 단독 급여가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았으며, 사료 섭취량, 사료 요구율, 난중, 연파란율은 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 난각 강도는 Cu-SP구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았으며, 난각 두께, 난각색, 난황색, Haugh unit은 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. Leukocyte 수치 중 백혈구 수치는 Cu-SP+HBM구가 HBM과 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았으며, 스트레스 지수는 Cu-SP구가 대조구와 HBM구와 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았다. IgG 함량은 첨가구들이 대조구와 비교하여(P<0.05) 유의적으로 높았음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 Cu-SP와 HBM의 단독 또는 혼합급여는 둘 다 생산성을 증가시키며, 면역성상을 개선시키는 효과를 보여주었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2004

본 연구의 목적은 철 강화제가 첨가된 사료를 산란계에 적용하여 생산성 및 계란의 화학적 조성에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 실시하였다. 사양시험은 30주령 갈색 테트란 산란계 198수를 공시하였으며, 시험사료는 NRC(1994)의 산란계 영양소 요구량에 맞추어 기초사료를 배합하고, 황산 제 1철(FeSO$_4$$.$ 7$H_2O$: FE)을 사용하여 사양표준 권장량인 Fe 45 mg/kg을 첨가한 대조구 (FE-45), Fe 90mg/kg 첨가한 처리구 \circled2 (FE-90), Fe 180mg/kg 첨가한 처리구 \circled3 (FE-180), Saccharomyces cerevisiae R100 (yeast mutant ; YM, 철 함량 200mg/kg)을 대조구의 철 함량 기준으로 45mg/kg 첨가한 처리구 \circled4 (YM-45), 90mg/kg 첨가한 처리구 \circled5 (YM-90), 180mg/kg 첨가한 처리구 \circled6 (YM-180), Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2805-a7 TYFHLAG-1 (ferritin containing yeast ; YF, 철 함량 500mg/kg)을 대조구의 철 함량 기준으로 45mg/kg 첨가한 처리각 \circled7 (YF-45), 90mg/kg 첨가한 처리구 \circled8 (YF-90) 및 180mg/kg 첨가한 처리구 \circled9 (YF-180)로 한 총 9처리구 4반복, 반복당 6수씩 임의배치하여 7주간 사양시험을 수행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. 산란율은 YF-180 처리구가 가장 높았으며, 대조구(FE-45)가 가장 낮게 나타나 처리구간의 유의차를 보였다 (P＜0.05). 난중과 산란량은 YF-180 처리구에서 FE-90 처리구 및 대조구(FE-45)와 비교하여 유의적으로 높게 평가되었다(P＜0.05). 사료요구율은 YM-90 처리구가 가장 높았고, YF-45 처리구가 가장 낮았으며, 처리구간에도 유의차를 보였다 (P＜0.05). 난각두께는 YF-180 처리구가 가장 두꺼웠으며, FE-90 처리구에서 가장 얇게 나타나 처리구간의 유의차를 보였다(P＜0.05). 난각 강도는 YM-45 처리구가 가장 강했으며, YM-45 처리구가 가장 약해서 처리구간의 유의차를 보였다(P＜0.05). 난황 cholesterol은 대조구(FE-45)가 가장 높았으며, YF-45 처리구가 가장 낮게 나타나 처리구간의 유의적 차이를 보였다(P＜0.05). 결론적으로, 유기철을 산란계용 사료에 첨가하였을 경우, 산란계의 생산성을 향상시키며, 계란의 화학적 조성을 개선시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.83-90
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• 2003

본 연구는 산란종계를 케이지 내 사육밀도 수준이 다르게 배치하였을 때 생산성 및 생리적인 반응에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위한 목적으로 실시하였다. 총 264수의 Hy-Line Brown 산란종계를 4처리 3반복 반복당 22수 (♀20, ♂2)로 나누어 사육밀도를 수당 980 $\textrm{cm}^2$, 735 $\textrm{cm}^2$, 640 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 및 560 $\textrm{cm}^2$ 수준으로 설험사료를 12주간 급여하여 산란종계의 생산성, 난질 및 난각질, 수정율과 부화율을 측정하였다. 사양실험 종료시 생체중 측정치의 평균에 해당하는 개체를 처리구별로 9수씩 선발하여 우모 상태를 측정하였고, 처리구별로 6수씩 선발하여 혈청 내 ND 및 IB 항체역가를 측정하였다 .생산성, 난각강도, Haungh unit, 수정율 및 부화율에는 처리간의 차이가 없었고, 난각두께는 실험 7∼12 주에서 있어서 640 $\textrm{cm}^2$/bird 처리구가 유의적으로 (P<0.05) 낮은 수치를 나타내었지만 전체적인 실험기간으로 볼 때 처리간의 차이는 나타나지 않았다 .ND 항체역가는 처리간의 차이가 없었고 ,IB항체역가는 사육밀도가 가장 낮은 980 $\textrm{cm}^2$/bird 처리구에서 유의하게 (P<0.05) 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 우모상태는 사육 밀도가 가장 높은 560 $\textrm{cm}^2$/bird 처리구에서 유의하게 (P<0.01) 낮은 결과가 나타났으며, 또한 사육밀도 수준이 증가할수록 우모 상태는 유의하게 (P<0.01) 감소하는 결과가 관찰되었다 본 연구결과 케이지 내 사육밀도의 적절한 증가는 산란종계의 생산성은 차이가 없었다. 그러나 사육밀도의 증가는 물리적인 자극으로부터 개체들에게 더 많은 스트레스를 유발시켜 폐사율을 높일 수 있는 열악한 환경을 조성할 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.226-229
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• 2005

An experiment was conducted to produce eggs enriched with vitamins $D_3$, K and iron in eggs. Six hundred 97-wk-old ISA Brown force molted hens were allocated to completely randomized block arrangement of six dietary treatments: T1; control (C), T2; C+4,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+2.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T3; C+8,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+5.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T4; C+12,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+7.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T5; C+16,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+10.0 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe, T6; C+20,000 IU vitamin $D_3$+12.5 mg vitamin K+100 ppm Fe. Fe was supplemented with Fe-methionine. Each treatment consisted of five replicates of ten cages with two birds per cage. Egg production and egg weight were highest in T2 and incidence of soft and broken egg was highest in T6. Haugh unit was not different among treatments although it tended to be increased as dietary vitamins $D_3$ and K increased. Eggshell strength was not different among treatment. Concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and K in egg yolk increased and plateaued approximately 20 days after feeding supplemented diets. The level of these vitamins peaked at 12,000 IU/kg vitamin $D_3$ and 7.5 mg/kg vitamin K supplementation and then decreased at the higher than these supplementation levels. The peak concentrations of vitamin $D_3$ and vitamin K were 4.6 times and 4.8 times greater than the control, respectively. Supplementary Fe also increased Fe content in egg yolk. It is concluded that vitamin $D_3$ and K in eggs can be effectively enriched by proper supplementation time and level of these vitamins.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.537-546
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• 2008

The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the mixed herbal medicine for the substitution of antibiotics on the performance of laying hens. Day old hyline 1,500 layer chicks were randomly assigned to 4 treatments. Control were 600 and three each treatment was 300. Eggs were collected at every weeks for measuring egg production and week 26, 27, 28 for chemical analyses. Chemical analyses were done for fatty acid profile of egg yolks, amino acid, antibiotics residue in eggs(collect eggs after supplying OTC 21ppm/bird/day to control for four day at 26, 27, 28) during the laying period($19{\sim}77wk$). On $0{\sim}4$ week, T-3 showed higher feed intake than those fed the other diets and on $5{\sim}13$ week, T-2 showed highest feed intake among treatments. After birds were moved ($14{\sim}18$ wk) CT-3 showed highest, but for overall rearing period, there was not significantly different among treatments. In conclusion the mixed herbal medicine did not tended to influence palatability to rearing birds. Egg quality(egg yolk color, haugh unit, eggshell breaking strength) showed no difference among treatments. Ratio of unsaturated fatty acid (mg/100g)/saturated fatty acid (mg/100g) was not difference among treatments, but linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) of the mixed herbal medicine treatments showed higher then control. The antibiotics residue of CT, T treatments egg was not detected and control was not detected or below allowance. In conclusion the mixed herbal medicine can be possible to feed laying hen without antibiotics.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.980-985
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• 2000

Influences of Japanese green tea powder (GTP) supplementation to commercial diet on laying performance and egg quality were studied by using 60 laying hens. The experimental diet with or without 0.6% GTP was given ad libitum to the birds during the period from 6 to 71 weeks of age. The birds started egg production from 21 wk of age regardless GTP feeding. Body weight, feed intake, egg weight tended to decrease with GTP supplementation, while egg production rate tended to increase. Haugh unit score was significantly increased with GTP, which accompanied with the increased albumen height. These were observed almost throughout the laying period over 50 wk. Gel proportion in thick albumen was decreased as storage time is prolonged, then higher values of the gel proportion were recorded in the eggs from GTP group. Thick albumen of the eggs from GTP-fed layers had more carbohydrate than that from control layers. All these indicate physical stability of thick albumen in the eggs from GTP group. Thiobarbituric acid content of egg yolk tended to remain lower in the eggs from GTP group during 5-10 days of storage at room temperature. Levels of egg yolk cholesterol and yolk lipid were significantly reduced by GTP feeding. There were no significant differences in eggshell weight, shell thickness and shell strength between the two groups. Thyroid gland and liver from hens slaughtered at 71 wk of age did not differ in weight irrespective of GTP feeding. The present results suggest that GTP could modify components of edible part of egg, leading to the characteristics favourable to consumers such as high durability of thick albumen and less cholesterol in yolk, without altering general performance of the layers throughout this year round experiment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.1610-1615
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• 2008

Natto is a Japanese traditional soybean product fermented by Bacillus natto. The effects of dried fermented soybean (natto) supplement on egg production and egg qualities of layer chickens was studied with regard to the effective use of various waste foods in Japan. Dried natto, prepared by heating at $60^{\circ}C$, was added to a basic diet at a level of up to 3%. Forty 166-wk-old layer chickens (Rhode Island Red) were randomly divided into 4 groups and five layer chickens were used in each group with two replicates. Layer chickens in group 1 were fed a basic diet as the control. The remaining 3 groups were fed the basic diet supplemented with dried natto at levels of 1, 2, and 3% (w/w), respectively. The result did not show improvements in egg production or feed conversion ratio of layer chickens even when 3% dried natto was added to the control diet. The egg qualities including egg weight, eggshell strength and thickness, yolk color, yolk weight, albumen height, and Haugh unit were also not improved. However, the feeding of dried natto changed the cholesterol content in the egg yolk. The supplementation of dried natto showed the tendency to decrease the yolk cholesterol after 12-wk of feeding compared to the control diet though it did not change plasma cholesterol levels in the blood. On the other hand, yolk cholesterol decreased significantly after 12-wk of feeding 3% dried natto (p<0.05).

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1802-1810
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing herbal active ingredients (YGF251) which can promote the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the diet on production performance, egg quality, blood hematology, and excreta gas emission in laying hens. Methods: A total of 288 ISA Brown (41-week-old) laying hens with an initial body weight of 1.83±0.68 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a randomized block design based on body weight. Each treatment had 12 replicate cages having 6 adjacent cages per replicate (hens are kept in cages alone). The experimental period was 35 days. Dietary treatments were based on the corn-soybean meal-wheat-based basal diet and supplemented with 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.15% YGF251. Results: There was a linear increased egg weight in weeks 1 to 5 (p<0.05), egg mass in week 1 (p<0.05) and weeks 1 to 5 (p<0.05), egg strength on day 7 (p<0.05), 21 (p<0.01), and 35 (p<0.01), eggshell thickness on day 21 (p<0.05) and 35 (p<0.01), haugh unit on day 21 (p<0.01) and 35 (p<0.05), serum IGF-1 concentration on day 21 (p<0.05) and 35 (p<0.01), and serum total protein concentration on day 35 (p<0.05) were observed with the supplementing YGF251 increased in the diet, while feed conversion ratio in weeks 1 to 5 (p<0.05) and excreta ammonia emission (p<0.01) decreased linearly with the dose of YGF251 increased. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of YGF251 positively affected the production performance and egg quality of laying hens through increasing serum IGF-1 concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, YGF251 supplementation improved barn environment by reducing excreta noxious gas emission.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.689-703
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• 2019

The term quality or freshness of eggs in industrial production still poses concerns regarding whether washing is necessary. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine the effects of different storage times and temperatures and to perform a comparison between washed and unwashed eggs. A total of 1000 washed and 1000 unwashed egg samples were stored at three different temperatures (5, 10, and $25^{\circ}C$) for 0 - 8 weeks and were used for the data collection. On the designated day, the eggs were processed to evaluate their internal and external quality traits, such as the Haugh unit, airspace volume, eggshell strength, pH, and microbiological profile. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed between the washed and unwashed eggs for each quality trait. The results indicate that storage between 5 and $10^{\circ}C$ better preserved the quality of eggs compared with the storage at $25^{\circ}C$ throughout the days of the storage. Overall, this study suggests that the storage time and temperature have a vital role in maintaining the quality of eggs which were significantly affected during storage. In addition, all the quality parameters differed between the washed and unwashed samples which is further responsible for deteriorating the quality of the eggs.