• 한국가금학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1998

This study was investigated to study split diets on laying performance and eggshell quality with Hy-Line brown layers 43 weeks old for 12 weeks Layers fed a conventional diet and split diets were divided into morning and afternoon diet. The conventional diet contained 3.4 % Ca was given constant nutrients all day. Hens of the split diets fed morning diets contained 0.5 % Ca constantly and afternoon diets contained 5.9, 8.0, and 10.0 % Ca in T1to T3. Split diets were given morning diets from 04:00 to 15:00 and afternoon diets 15:00 to 21 :00 alternately. Egg production, egg weight, and egg mass were not significantly different among diets. Abnormal eggs decreased in T1 and T2, but no significantly differed(P>0.05). Feed intake decreased in all of split diets compared to control diets (P <0.05). So, feed conversion ratio also improved in split diets(P<0.05). ME and CP intake decreased in T2 and T3, and Ca intake increased in proportion to Ca content of diets(P<0.05). ME and CP requirements per kg eggs decreased in the split diets, and that of Ca increased. Although there were not different significantly, egg shell strength and thickness improved slightly in T2 at 12 week. Yolk color, haugh unit and yolk index were not different among diets. Therefore, we concluded that split diet feeding to layer could improve feed and economic efficiency with normal egg production.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1998

Dried carrot meal (DCM) prepared from fresh carrot was found to be a good source of xanthophyll (54 mg/kg) and morderate source of protein (188.3 g/kg) and energy (2,510 kcal/kg) with low level of fibre (80 g/kg). DM, EE and NFE content of DCM were 895, 35 and 661.7 g/kg respectively. The ingredient was used in laying hen diet to evaluate its pigmenting value for egg yolk. Thirty-two laying hens from Starcross strain were divided into four groups and fed four different diets: a control diet containing 62% ground wheat, a corn-based diet (50% ground yellow corn), control + 4% DCM and control + 8% DCM. Use of DCM at 8% level in layer mash significantly improved yolk colour at 3rd, 6th and 9th week of supplementation in comparison with wheat-based control diet. This improvement was statististically similar to that obtained from yellow corn-based diet. DCM at 4% level also improved yolk colour score. Wheat-based diet significantly increased feed consumption compared to yellow corn and diet supplied with 8% DCM. Body weight gain, egg production, feed conversion were not significantly affected due to dietary addition of DCM and no mortality was observed during 63-day experimental period. Further works on DCM are suggested.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1605-1609
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• 2001

A total of 252, 50 week-old Isa-brown laying hens were randomly allotted to 7 groups of 3 replicates. Mustard meal (MM) which is a by-product from mustard processing plant, was dried under the sun or in a gas heated pan. It contained on DM basis 30-32% CP, 19-22% EE and 12-13% CF. The meal from either drying method was incorporated into the diets at 0, 10, 20 and 30% which was equivalent to the substitution levels for soybean meal at 0, 31, 63 and 94%, respectively. All birds were individually kept in battery cages where feed and water were freely accessed throughout 84 days experimental period. It was found that egg production, feed intake, body weight gain and egg weight significantly decreased with the increased MM level. The inclusion of 20% MM did not show a significant difference in egg production and quality from the control, but produced 6-8% lower egg production. Feed intake was linearly decreased with the MM levels, except the 10% sun dried MM group. Fat deposition of the birds fed MM diets significantly decreased, while kidney weight increased when compared with the control group. However, the weight of thyroid glands and spleen trended to be heavier in the MM groups, but this was not significantly different among dietary treatments. It was concluded, MM from both drying methods could be incorporated in laying hen diets at the level of 10% without any adverse effect.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

본 실험은 구기자와 감초 복합제를 수준별 급여가 산란계의 생산성, 혈액성상 및 면역 성상에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 사양시험은 60주령의 산란계(Hy- Line Brown) 800수를 선별하여 A형 2단 4열 케이지에 대조구 포함, 총 4처리구(HM 0.0, 0.5, 1.0 및 1.5% 첨가구)로 구성하여 처리당 4반복, 반복당 50수씩(2수 수용 케이지 25개) 난괴법으로 임의 배치하였다. 시험 기간 동안 물과 사료는 자유 섭취하게 하였으며, 일반적인 점등관리(자연일조+조명=16hr)를 실시하였다. 산란율(hen-day egg production)은 7주 평균에서 HM 0.5%, 1.5%을 첨가한 처리구에서 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았으며, HM을 첨가한 처리구 간에는 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 사료 요구율은 HM 0.5% 첨가구에서 유의적으로(P<0.05) 가장 낮았다. 난황색은 HM 첨가구들이 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았다. 반면, 혈액 성상 중 leukocytes 함량들은 모든 항목에서 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으며, 혈장 IgM 함량은 HM 첨가구들이 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았다. 결론적으로 HM은 산란계의 산란율 개선에 효과적이었으며, 면역성상중 IgM을 향상시키는 효과를 나타내었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.850-854
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• 2001

Feed intake, egg weight, rate of lay and shell quality characteristics were measured in an Australian tinted egg laying strain from 31-42 weeks of age, housed at $30^{\circ}C$ and provided drinking water at 5, 10, 17 and $30^{\circ}C$. In a second experiment a European brown egg laying strain (59-66 weeks of age) housed at $30^{\circ}C$ were provided drinking water at 5, 10, 15 and $30^{\circ}C$. Brown egg layers given cool drinking water (5, 10 and $15^{\circ}C$) consumed more (p<0.05) feed and produced significantly (p<0.05) thicker and heavier shells than hens given drinking water at ambient temperature ($30^{\circ}C$). However the tinted egg layers given chilled drinking water only consumed more (p<0.05) feed and produced thicker (p<0.05) and heavier (p<0.05) shells when consuming drinking water at $5^{\circ}C$. As the tinted egg layers acclimatised to the environmental temperature there was a decline in the influence of cool drinking water on feed intake and shell quality. For brown egg layers, however, cool drinking water resulted in an improvement (p<0.05) in feed intake and shell quality over the entire period birds were provided cool water. These studies suggest that there is potential for using cool drinking water to improve feed intake and shell quality of hens housed under hot conditions. The combination of high ambient temperature and high drinking water temperature, a common occurrence in Australian layer sheds, should be avoided.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.1769-1774
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of feeding green tea powder on laying performance and egg quality in hens. A total 180 'Tetran Brown' laying hens aged 40 weeks were assigned to 6 treatments in a completely randomized design. Each treatment consisted of five replicates accommodating six layers per replication. The experimental diets were a negative control containing no green tea, a positive control diet containing antibiotics (0.05% chlortetracycline) and diets containing 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% green tea powder. Egg production rate of layers fed the diets containing green tea powder did not differ significantly from that of the negative and positive controls (p>0.05). Egg weight was decreased significantly in the group fed the diet containing 0.5% green tea powder (p<0.05). Feed intake of layers was significantly higher for the diet containing 1.5% green tea powder compared to that of negative and positive control diets (p<0.05). The eggshell thickness reduced significantly in the layer group fed the diets containing green tea powder regardless of dietary levels (p<0.05). Green tea powder tended to reduce egg yolk cholesterol in this experiment. Particularly, dietary 2% level of green tea powder significantly suppressed the cholesterol contents of the egg yolk (p<0.05). Thiobarbituric acid value (TBA) of egg yolk was significantly reduced by green tea diets (p<0.05). The yellowness of egg yolk was increased in the layers fed the 2.0% green tea diet compared with that of control diet (p<0.005). The Linoleic and $\alpha$-linolenic acids tended to increase in the group fed diets containing 1.5% green tea powder even though there were no significant differences among treatments (p>0.05). The oleic and docosahexaenoic acid contents of the egg yolk were similar among treatments (p>0.05). Based on the results of the experiment, it is concluded that green tea powder inclusion in the diet for layers at 2.0% level can reduce the cholesterol content and TBA value of the egg yolk, implying its potential effect on egg quality parameters.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.748-757
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• 2019

본 연구는 계란 생산성, 계란품질 및 악취저감에 관한 Bacillus subtillus, Streptomyces galilaeus 및 Sphingobacteriaceae로 구성된 복합생균제(PM, probiotic mixture)의 효과를 조사하였다. 산란계 Hy-Line Brown 240수를 4처리구로 구분하여 6주 동안 사육하였다. 처리구는 복합생균제를 함유하지 않은 대조구(CON, control), 일반생균제(CP3, commercial probiotics 0.3%), 복합생균제 3(PM3, 복합생균제 0.3%), 복합생균제 5(PM5, 복합생균제 0.5%)로 구분하였다. 산란율, 계란 호우유니트, 난각두께, 난각강도, 난황색 및 농후난백 높이는 PM3, PM5가 CON 및 CP3에 비해서 높았다. 계분으로부터 암모니아, E. coli, 총호기성균, Coliform, Salmonella 균수는 CON>CP3>PM3>PM5 순서로 증가하였다. 본 결과는 B. subtillus, S. galilaeus 및 Sphingobacteriaceae로 구성된 복합생균제 0.3%가 산란율, 계란품질 개선 및 분에서 암모니아 발생을 낮추어 양계장 악취저감 효과를 갖는다는 점을 보여준다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제3권
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• pp.23-28
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• 1963

(1) 산란후 유정란의 RNA량은 계속 증가하여 제 5일에 최고 (제 1일의 약 2.1배)에 달하고 제 6일부터 약간 감소된다. 이와 같은 RNA 량의 변동은 잠란의 배자형성 및 발육과 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 생각된다. (2) 무정란의 RNA 량은 산란직후부터 유정란의 그것에 비하여 대단히 적고 (약 절반임) 제 4일까지 약간의 증가를 보이나 제 5일부터 감소한다. (3) 조사유정란은 방사선조사(3,000 r)후 제 2일까지는 RNA 량이 약간 증가하나 그 후부터는 별 변동이 없다. 즉 방사선 조사로 란 RNA 합성이 크게 억제됨을 알 수 있다.(4) 침산처리란은 침산처리 제 4일부터 RNA 량이 격증하여 부화 1일 전인 제 7일까지 계속된다. 비침산란은 해기간중 RNA 량의 변동이 거의없다. 조사침산처리란 (1,500 r)에 있어서는 조사후 제 3일까지는 비조사란과 달라 RNA 량이 감소되었다가 제 4일부터 격증하여 제 7일까지 계속된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.776-782
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• 1999

Two Bangladeshi varieties of yellow corn-'Barnali' and 'Khaibhutta' were chemically analysed and used in the diet of laying chicken to determine their replacement value for wheat. Both the new varieties of yellow corn were found to be good sources of energy and the CP contents were comparable to wheat. Forty two, 29-week old randomly selected Starcross Brown commercial pullets were assigned to 7 dietary treatments with 6 replicates, each being an experimental unit. Diets were formulated replacing wheat quantitatively by two varieties of yellow corn either 0, 50, 75 or 100 per cent from a wheat based control diet. The production performance of laying hens fed diets formulated with Barnali or Khaibhutta at different dietary levels during an experimental period of 16 weeks was satisfactory and comparable to wheat based diet. Except egg yolk colour, the other internal arid external egg quality characteristics at 8th and 16th weeks of the experiment did not differ significantly. The egg yolk colour improved significantly (p<0.01) by feeding both the new varieties of corn and the degree of pigmentation of yolk increased as the dietary levels of corn increased at the expense of wheat. Considering laying performance, the new varieties of yellow corn, Barnali or Khaibhutta can be used in layer diet as replacement of wheat. Such a replacement would better that wheat-based diet in terms of egg yolk pigmentation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1196-1200
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• 2008

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the physiological changes of laying hens subjected to feed removal during induced molting while received probiotics in the drinking water. Post-molt performance and egg quality criteria were also studied. Ninety 78-week-old Hy-line W36 laying hens were divided into two treatment groups according to equal body weight and subjected to induced molting by continuous feed removal until around 30% BW reduction. The experiment lasted 12 wks consisting of 4-wk molting and 8-wk post-molt periods. Treatment 1 received no probiotics and was considered as the control. Treatment 2 was similar to the control except that hens received probiotics in the drinking water at 400 mg/L during feed deprivation. The results indicated that hens in both groups went out of production by Day 5. However, hens received probiotics reached 5 and 50% egg production sooner than the control (30 and 52 days vs. 31 and 54 days). Starvation during molting increased heterophil to lymphocyte (H/L) ratio, hematocrit and plasma T4 and $Na^+$ levels while plasma T3 and Cl- levels were decreased. Probiotics had no significant impact on BW reduction during molt. Post-molt egg production and egg mass were higher in hens which previously received probiotics, but these responses were not significant. However, feed conversion ratio was significantly better in hens which received probiotics. Hematocrit, plasma thyroid hormone concentrations (T3 and T4) and plasma $Na^+$, $K^+$ and Cl- levels during molting were not significantly influenced by supplementation of probiotics. However, H/L ratio showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in birds which received probiotics suggesting beneficial effects of this product for feed-deprived laying hens. No significant difference was observed in post-molt egg quality criteria.