• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2006

2003$\sim$2005년의 쇠제비갈매기 Sterna albifrons의 번식기 동안 충남 홍성군 간월호의 번식군집에서 총 10개의 과산란수의 둥지(nest with supernormal clutch)와 7개의 이종 알 혼합 둥지(nests with mixed species clutch, 쇠제비갈매기와 흰물떼새의 알이 혼합된 둥지)가 관찰되었다. 쇠제비갈매기의 알 회수 행동은 한 배 산란수와 관계없이 두 번째 알 산란 이후 높은 빈도를 보였다. 알 회수 행동은 모든 포란 단계에서 매우 높은 빈도로 나타났다. 쇠제비갈매기는 둥지에서 약 15 cm 떨어진 알에 대하여 높은 알 회수 행동 비율을 보였으나 35$\sim$55 cm의 거리에서 급격히 감소하였고 60 cm 거리에서는 알 회수 행동이 나타나지 않았다. 쇠제비갈매기는 알의 종류 및 크기와 관계없이 둥지 인근에 배치된 알들을 자신의 둥지로 편입시키는 행동을 보였다. 본 조사 결과는 쇠제비갈매기의 알 회수 행동이 과산란수의 둥지 및 이종 혼합 둥지를 생성할 가능성이 있음을 시사한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2002

Objective: To evaluate whether co-culture of oocytes on vero cell monolayers from Day 0 (Day 0 group) after egg retrieval results in an increase in developmental capacity such as fertilization rate, embryo quality, blastulation and clinical pregnancy rate compared with co-culture of oocytes from Day 1 (Day 1 group). Methods: Sperms were treated with Hams F-10 supplemented with 10% human follicular fluid (hFF). Vero cells for co-culture were prepared in TCM-199 with 10% FBS. Oocytes were co-cultured from Day 0 and fertilized oocytes were co-cultured from Day 1 on vero cell monolayers in DMEM with 10% and 20% hFF, respectively after egg retrieval. On day 1, 2 and 5, fertilization rate and grade of embryos and blastocysts were evaluated. Results (fertilization rate, cleavage rate, grade of embryos and blastocysts and pregnancy rate) were considered statistically significant when p value was less than 0.05 using t-test and $x^2$. Results: In sibling oocytes of same cycles, no differences were found in fertilization rate (94.6 vs. 91.4%), cleavage rates (94.6 vs. 91.4%), embryo grade (on day 2 and 3) and blastulation (65.6 vs. 57.0%) and their grade. In different oocytes of different cycles (patients), no differences were found in fertilization (79.8 vs. 78.3%), cleavage rates (77.7 vs. 76.4%) and blastulation (56.0 vs. 45.3%), but pregnancy rate was higher in the Day 0 group than in the Day 1 group (60.0 vs. 42.9%). Conclusions: This study revealed that the embryonic development capacities were not affected by the different co-culture time in the sibling oocytes of same cycles. Although no statistical significance, because of small size of study, there was a trend for higher pregnancy rates in Day 0 group compared to Day 1 group in different oocytes of different cycles.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1984

The success of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) & embryo transfer (ET) has focused attention on the culture conditions that can provide optimal development of the preimplantation embryo. Studies of in vitro fertilization using mouse have direct implications to human IVF, since similar conditions are used for both species. Mouse IVF as a quality control system for human IVF & ET was studied since Feb., 1984. The results were as follows: 1. Egg retrieval following superovulation in IeR mice was l5.1${\pm}$5.3 eggs ovulated/mouse (Mean${\pm}$ S.D.) 2. In vitro cleavage rate was 61.7% (1146 eggs cleaved/l858 eggs inseminated) and % blastocyst was 42.6%. 3. In comparison with two media of Ham's F-10 and m-KRB, in vitro cleavage rate were 40.9%/63.l% and %blastocyst were 44.3%/61.2% (P<0.05). 4. It was concluded that mouse IVF system has a valuable place in human IVF & ET as a quality-control system and in human reproductive physiology as a research model.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-112
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• 1986

It is now common practice to attempt ovarian hyperstimulation in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) to promote the development of multiple preovulatory follicles and to maximize the number of mature egg available. There are several drugs for hyperstimulation such as clomiphene citrate only, clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and HMG only. Accumlated experience has shown that the hyperstimulation of the ovary in IVF-ET results in high pregnancy rate. But the hyperstimulation of the ovary in IVF-ET may cause the hyperandrogenism, so we must consider the adverse effect on pregnancy rate of the hyperandrogenism. Little is known about the functional significance of androgen for the follicular growth, however, the hyperandrogenism might interfere with oocyte maturation. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the serum profiles of estradiol, androstenedione and testosterone during the hyperstimulated menstrual cycles in IVF. The results were summarized as follows: 1. There was a gradual increase in the mean levels of serum estradiol, androstenedione, and testosterone approaching follicular maturation. 2. The mean serum estradiol levels in the hyperstimulated groups were significantly higher than that in the control group in late follicular phase and ovum retrieval (ovulation) day (p<0.01). 3. The mean serum androstenedione levels in the clomiphene citrate groups were significantly higher than that in the control group in late follicular phase (p<0.01). There was no statistically significant different in the mean serum androstenedione levels between the control group and the HMG group (p>0.05). 4. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean levels of testosterone among each group (p>0.05). 5. There was no statistically significant different in the mean levels of estradiol, androstenedione and testosterone between the fertilized patients and non-fertilized patients in clomiphene citrate and HMG group (p>0.05).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.510-519
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• 2021

The pathological impact of haze upon the phyllosphere microbiota awaits investigation. A moderate degree of haze environment and a clean control were selected in Chengdu, China. Artemisia argyi, a ubiquitously distributed and extensively applied Chinese herb, was also chosen for experiment. Total genome DNA was extracted from leaf samples, and for metagenome sequencing, an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform was applied. The results showed that the gene numbers of phyllosphere microbiota derived from haze leaves were lower than those of the clean control. The phyllosphere microbiota derived from both haze and clean groups shared the same top ten phyla; the abundances of Proteobacteria, Actinomycetes and Anorthococcuso of the haze group were substantially increased, while Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes decreased. At the genus level, the abundances of Nocardia, Paracoccus, Marmoricola and Knoelia from haze leaves were markedly increased, while the yeasts were statistically decreased. KEGG retrieval demonstrated that the functional genes were most annotated to metabolism. An interesting find of this work is that the phyllosphere microbiota responsible for the synthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in A. argyi were significantly increased under a haze environment. Relatively enriched genes annotated by eggNOG belong to replication, recombination and repair, and genes classified into the glycoside hydrolase and glycosyltransferase enzymes were significantly increased. In summary, we found that both structure and function of phyllosphere microbiota are globally impacted by haze, while primary and secondary metabolites responsible for haze tolerance were considerably increased. These results suggest an adaptive strategy of plants for tolerating and confronting haze damage.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2013

가금의 정액 동결 보존은 보고되고 있지만, 큰 난황의 구조 등과 같은 이유로 암컷의 유전물질의 보존은 불가능한 실정이다. 닭에 있어 닭원시생식세포(PGCs)의 동결 보존은 암컷과 수컷 양쪽의 유전물질을 보존할 수 있는 대체 방법이다. 본 연구에서 원시생식선으로부터 분리방법은 5.5일(stage 28 : 5.5일령(Hamburger and Hamilton, 1951)) 동안 발생한 수정란의 초기배자를 실체 현미경하에서 예리한 핀셋을 이용하여 원시생식선 부분만을 분리한 후, MACS 방법으로 정제하였다. 두 개의 상업적으로 사용되는 동결보호제(A와 B)와 10% EG + 15% FBS를 동결보호제로 하는 대조군을 각각 닭 PGCs의 동결 및 융해에 이용하였다. 동결 및 융해 후의 닭 PGCs의 회복율은 A(35.5%), B(60.5%) 그리고 대조군에서는 52.8%를 각각 확인하였다. 52.8%의 닭 PGCs의 회복율을 보인 대조군과 동결보호제 B 처리군 간에는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 두 처리군에 비해 동결보호제 A는 35.5% 유의적으로 낮았다. 하지만, 동결 및 융해 후의 닭 PGCs 생존율은 각각 A(77.9%), B(77.4%) 그리고 대조군(81.6%)으로 보였다. 두 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 본 연구는 배자 발생 초기의 원시생식선으로부터 채취한 닭 PGCs는 상업적으로 이용되고 있는 동결보호제(A와 B)를 사용해서 동결할 수 있다는 것을 확인했고, 생존율에 나쁜 영향을 주지 않고 액체질소에 성공적으로 보관할 수도 있음을 시사하고 있다.