• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.8
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• pp.1452-1462
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with Agaricus blazei polysaccharide (ABP) at varying concentrations on the performance, egg quality, blood biochemistry, intestinal morphology, and microflora of quail. Methods: The study involved a total of 2,700 Korean quails, which were randomly divided into three groups. The measured variables encompassed productive performance, egg parameters, carcass parameters, serum metabolites, immune response parameters, antioxidative properties, and gut microbiome. Results: The addition of ABP did not have a significant effect on average daily feed intake. However, it was found to increase the average daily egg weight and egg production rate, reduce the feed-egg ratio. There were no significant impacts on egg quality measures such as egg shape index, egg yolk index and color, egg yolk and protein content. However, ABP supplementation significantly increased the Hough unit (p<0.01) and decreased the rate of unqualified eggs (p<0.01). Regarding serum parameters, the inclusion led to an increase in total protein concentration (p<0.05) and a reduction in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p<0.05). There were no significant effects observed on immune indicators such as immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgM. ABP supplementation increased the levels of serum antioxidant indicators, including glutathione peroxidase, total superoxide dismutase (p<0.05), and total antioxidant capacity colorimeter (p<0.05). Furthermore, ABP supplementation significantly elevated the intramuscular fatty acid content in quail meat. Additionally, ABP supplementation demonstrated a significant improvement in the diversity of gut microbiota and induced alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that dietary supplementation of ABP enhanced production performance and antioxidant capacity while increasing the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in quail muscle.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.317-321
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• 2006

The effects of dietary humic substances (HS) on egg Production and egg Quality were studied using 252(55-wk old) ISA brown laying hens. laying were divided into 21 groups of 12 hens each and seven groups (experimental units) were assigned to 1) CON (basal diet), 2) HS5 (basal diet 4- 5% humic substances) or 3) HS10 (basal diet +10% humic substances) in a completely randomized block design. Hens had free access to diets and water fur 6 wk. Egg Production and egg quality were monitored over the 6-wk Period. Results showed that 10% dietary HS decreased egg Production and yolk diameter (P<0.05) compared to CON. Egg weight and yolk cole. were improved (P<0.05) in HS10 compared to CON. Egg shell breaking strength was increased significantly (P<0.05) when hens were fed HS5 diet compared to the others. There were no effects of treatments on egg shell thickness, yolk index, albumen height and Haugh nit. The results suggest that the dietary supplementation of HS at 5% or 10% decreases egg Production, but HS at 5% can increase egg shell breaking strength. Hens fed 10% HS could increase egg weight and yolk color and decrease yolk diameter.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.609-616
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary low grade soybean, fermented with Aspergillus oryzae (FSB 1) or Bacillus subtilis var. natto (FSB 2), on egg production and quality, fat and cholesterol content, and the fatty acid (FA) profile of eggs by lipid layer. A total of 18 Hi-Line strain layers, 22 wk of age, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: no fermented soybean (control), control with 15% FSB 1 (C + FSB 1), and control with 15% FSB 2 (C + FSB 2). The rate of egg production and egg weight were evaluated between two periods: one was from the 1st to 4th wk and the other was from the 5th to 8th wk. At the 8th wk, a total of 30 eggs were randomly selected from each treatment group and analyzed for physical quality, fat content, fatty acid composition and cholesterol content. The results showed that egg production was increased in hens fed with diets containing fermented soybeans from the 5th to 8th wk period (p<0.01). A similar tendency was observed through eight weeks' cumulative egg production (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in egg production between the C + FSB 1 and C + FSB 2 treatment groups (p>0.05). Egg weight and other physical properties did not vary between treatment groups (p>0.05). Egg yolks among different treatment groups were similar in fat content, but egg yolks in the C + FSB 1 and C + FSB 2 groups had lower oleic acid (p<0.05), higher linoleic, ${\alpha}$-linolenic, and arachidonic acids (p<0.01), and lower cholesterol content (p<0.05) than those in the control group. In conclusion, supplementation of fermented low grade soybeans might be useful as a functional feedstuff to improve egg production and quality for a healthy human diet.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2020

In this study, sixteen egg quality traits, including egg weight, albumen weight, yolk weight, eggshell weight, albumen weight ratio, yolk weight ratio, eggshell weight ratio, yolk color, eggshell color, egg height, egg width, shape index, albumen height, Haugh unit, eggshell thickness, and eggshell strength were investigated in 12 strains of Korean native chicken using 600 eggs from birds at 38 weeks of age. Results showed that the Korean White Leghorn F strain had the highest egg weight of 62.7 g and the lowest (47.5 g) was observed in the Korean native chicken W strain. The Haugh unit was significantly different between strains. The mean Haugh unit for Korean native chicken ranged between 84.2 (L strain) and 76.0 (F strain), with an overall average of 79.9. Eggshells were the thinnest in Korean Rhode Island Red C and D strains (0.342 mm), whereas the highest eggshell thickness (0.393 mm) was observed in the Korean White Leghorn K strain. Korean Rhode Island Red C and D strains had low egg strength compared to that of other strains. Korean Cornish and Korean native chicken showed significant differences in egg quality traits between strains within breeds. Positive correlation coefficients were observed between egg weight and egg quality traits. The traits for color showed zero or low correlations with most egg quality traits. Egg shape index showed no correlation with most egg quality traits. Albumen height and the Haugh unit showed a positive correlation with albumen traits. Eggshell strength showed a positive correlation with eggshell traits.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.449-455
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• 2016

We developed a type of sausage made of chicken breast and liquid egg whites for consumers interested in weight management. To determine the quality of the product, its chemical characteristics, fatty acid composition, free amino acid contents, and nucleotides contents were evaluated during 4 weeks of storage. Sensory evaluation was conducted by both general consumers and body-builders. The sausage was proposed as a fat-free product as fat content was 0.12% based on the Korean Indication Standard of Animal Origin Food. Protein content was 13.42% and calorie value was 61.50 kcal/100 g of the sausage. In sensory evaluation, the mixture of chicken breast and egg whites stuffed into the same casing had an adverse effect on taste, color, texture and overall acceptance while the product that contained egg white stuffed separately into the outer casing enclosing the chicken breast (double layer) improved these attributes. The developed double-layer sausage can last for at least 4 weeks of storage without quality deterioration of flavor-related compounds, such as fatty acids and nucleotides.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.863-870
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of octacosanol (OCT) extracted from triticale sprout on laying performance, egg quality, and blood parameters of laying hens. A total of 192, Hyline brown laying hens aged 43 weeks were divided into 4 dietary groups of 48 birds each and they were randomly subjected to one of the experimental diets containing OCT at the levels of none, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg of diet. All birds were fed with isoenergetic and isonitrogenous mash diets for 6 weeks. The result showed that hens supplemented with 20 and 30 mg/kg OCT in diet significantly increased (p < 0.05) egg production than those fed with the basal diet. OCT concentration in the egg yolk of hens fed with 20 and 30 mg/kg OCT was significantly higher than in those fed the control diet. Hens fed 20 and 30 mg/kg OCT exhibited greater high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and interleukin (IL) concentrations and reduced serum concentrations of cholesterol and triglyceride compared to those fed with 0 and 10 mg/kg OCT. This study indicates that supplementing the diet of laying hens with 20 and 30 mg/kg of OCT can improve the performance, egg quality, and health status of laying hens.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to compare the principle components and internal quality of eggs by age of laying hens and weight standard. The eggs (2,140 in total) used were from Hy-Line Brown reared from 18 to 63 weeks of ages and all were higher than appearance grade B by animal grading standard of Korea. Eggs were investigated their principle components, internal quality index, and their relationship. The weights of whole egg, shell, yolk, and albumen were increased while albumen height and Haugh unit were decreased by age of laying hens. When the composition of egg was investigated after sorting by ages, the ratio of egg yolk increased while that of albumen decreased. Egg shell composition was not shown significant difference by age. Age of laying hens had positive correlation with the weights of whole egg, shell, yolk, and albumen while albumen height and Haugh unit showed negative correlation. Also, the albumen height and Haugh unit were decreased by increase of weight of whole egg or principle components of egg.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2011

The aim of this work was to determine the method and predict the optimum conditions for egg quality stored for 7 days when combination treatments of irradiation and chitosan coating were applied using response surface methodology (RSM). A central composite design was chosen for the RSM in this study and the factors were irradiation dose (0~2 kGy) and concentration of chitosan coating material (0~2%). Performance of the irradiation and chitosan coating were evaluated by analyzing the egg quality and functional property factors. The predicted maximum level of Haugh units and foaming ability calculated by a developed model were 74.19 at 0 kGy of irradiation with coating by 0.96% chitosan solution and 50.83 mm at 2.0 kGy with 1.01%, respectively. The predicted minimum value of foam stability and 2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value were 2.97 mm at 0.39 kGy with 0.21% and 0.54 mg malonaldehyde/kg egg yolk at 0 kGy with 0.90% of chitosan solution, respectively. Results clearly showed that gamma irradiation negatively affected the Haugh unit and TBARS but positively affected the foaming capacity. The estimated value from the developed model by RSM was verified by no statistical difference with observed value. Therefore, RSM can be a good tool for optimization and prediction of egg quality when 2 or more treatments are combined. However, one should decide the target quality first to achieve a successful implementation of this technology.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.894-899
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• 2020

This study investigated the effects of inclusion of pollock oil (PO) in the diet of broodstock on the egg and larval quality of Walleye Pollock Gadus chalcogrammus. The experimental diet comprised of semi-moist pellets prepared either with or without PO (control; Con). The fish assigned to each diet were fed to visual satiation (two meals per day) for 12 weeks. Eggs spawned from both groups of fish were sampled during the spawning season (three months) and the egg and larval quality was determined. Total egg volume, fertilization, and hatchability of eggs from the PO group were higher than those of the Con group. Fatty acid composition of fertilized eggs was not affected by the experimental diet. Oleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid content in larvae of the PO group was higher than that in larvae of the Con group. These results demonstrate the beneficial effects of including PO in the broodstock diet of Walleye Pollock, specifically on the quality of the eggs (total egg volume, fertilization, and hatchability) and larvae (fatty acid composition).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.835-840
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• 2005

The main objective of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) on egg laying performance and cholesterol content of egg yolk. Feed intake, egg production and egg weight varied slightly, but not significantly, between hens fed either a control diet or a diet containing one of an increasing series of $\beta$-CD concentrations (2%, 4% or 6%). However, feed intake, egg production and egg weight were all lower in the hens fed on 8% $\beta$-CD (p<0.05). No difference in haugh unit values, egg yolk color and egg shell thickness were found between the different treatments. The cholesterol content of egg yolks (mg/g yolk) was significantly decreased by 0.71, 2.98, 4.00 and 4.24 mg in eggs from hens maintained on 2%, 4%, 6% and 8% $\beta$-CD, respectively (p<0.05). These observations indicate that appropriate supplementation of diets with $\beta$-CD can reduce the cholesterol content of eggyolks, thus raising the prospect of the production of a healthier functional food.