• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2003

Effects of temperature on the development and reproduction of the Luciola lateralis were investigated at various temperatures. The development time of eggs, larvae, and pupae were shorter at higher temperatures than at lower ones. The insect did not develop at 10$^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$. The hatchability was 61.5% at 15$^{\circ}C$, 73.9% at 20$^{\circ}C$, 93.3% at 23$^{\circ}C$, 91.8% at 25$^{\circ}C$, 74.0% at 27$^{\circ}C$, and 46.0% at 30$^{\circ}C$, indicating the best hatchability rate at the temperature condition of 23 DC. Larval periods were 341.5:t 23.2 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 265.5${\pm}$17.5 days at 20$^{\circ}C$, and 250.9${\pm}$11.7 days at 25$^{\circ}C$. Pupal periods were 94.7${\pm}$11.5 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 41.7${\pm}$9.1 days at 20$^{\circ}C$, and 18.5${\pm}$7A days at 25$^{\circ}C$. Emergence rate was 23.3, 89.3 and 80.7%, respectively at the above temperatures. Adult longevity of female was 18.0 days at 15$^{\circ}C$, 2004 days at 20$^{\circ}C$, 10.7 days at 25$^{\circ}C$, and 5.8 days at 30$^{\circ}C$. Mean fecundity per female was higher at 20$^{\circ}C$ compared with at other temperatures. The developmental zero point temperatures (1) and the total effect temperatures (I<) of egg, larva, pupa, and complete development were 10.6, 14.0, and l3.1$^{\circ}C$ and 214.8, 1,564.8, and 229.2 degree-days, respectively. Mean generation time in days (T) was shorter at higher temperature. Net reproductive rate per generation (Ra) was the lowest at the highest temperature as well as at the lowest, and it was 177.19 which was the highest at 23$^{\circ}C$. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r$\sub$m/) was highest at 27$^{\circ}C$ as 0.019. As a result, optimum range of temperature for L. lateralis growth was between 20-25$^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.236-243
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• 2000

The purpose of present the study was to describe the spawning behavior and early life history of the grass puffer, Takifugu niphobles. The grass puffer was caught at the spawning ground on the coast Dolsan, Korea from May to the 1998. Artificial fertilization was carried out to get fertilied eggs. Spawning season was from the end of May to the beginning of July on the coast of the Dolsan, Korea. Form 2~6 days before the spring tide the aduct males and females began to aggregate in the shore water, and they spawned in the upper part of intertidal zone exposed to air among pebble stone. The fertilized eggs were demersal, transparent and spherical in shape, and its diameter were 0.87~0.95 mm with several oil globules of 0.0014~0.0540 mm. Hatching began about 146 hours after fertilization under water temperature $21.2{\sim}22.3^{\circ}C$. The newly-hatched larva was 2.02~2.24 mm in total length (TL, mean: 2.14 mm), with 22~24(8~9+14~15) myotomes, and mouth and anus was not yet open. In 3 days after hatching it was measured 2.64~2.93 mm in TL (mean: 2.76 mm), and yolk sac was completely absorbed and transformed to postlarval stage. In 15 days after hatching it was measured 4.43~4.82mm in TL (mean: 4.59mm), and the caudal notochord flexion started. The larvae reached the juvenile stage in 28 days after hatching and attained 7.55~7.65mm in TL (mean: 7.60mm), and all fin-rays were formed.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 1999

This study was conducted to observe the early life history of sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus. The fertilized eggs were spherical in shape and turned out to be separative and floated. Their membrane and yolk having 1~5 oil globule were transparent. Fertilized eggs were measured to be 1.33~1.46 mm in diameter. Hatching of eggs were started at 74 hrs 15 mins, 54 hrs 55 mins, 50 hrs 45 mins, after fertilization in water temperature $16.0^{\circ}C$, $18.0^{\circ}C$, $20.0^{\circ}C$ respectively. The newly hatching larvae were 3.79~3.97 mm in total length with 35~37 myomeres, and mouth and anus were closed. Melanophores were distributed on the up side of head, upper jaw and margins of the body. The 5 days after hatching larvae measured 4.78~5.24 mm in total length, yolk were completely absorbed, and transformed to postlarval stage. In this time, mouth of larvae was opened, and also melanophores were presented on the lower jaw. Head of larvae grew remarkably. The 21~22 days after hatching, total length of the larvae was 7.15~8.12 mm, the caudal fin rays began to differentiation. In 31 days after hatching, the larva were 8.46~9.16 mm in total length, and tip of the caudal notochord flexed $45^{\circ}$. The larvae reached to the juvenile stage with all the fins were developed at 61 days after hatching and attained 16.28~17.31 mm in total length.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1728-1732
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the bionomical characteristics of Luciola lateralis in Korea. Imago's longevity of female was $17.5{\pm}0.7$ and male was $20.6{\pm}1.0$ days at $23^{\circ}C$, R.H. 80%, and significant difference was not occurred in breeding density. Pre-oviposition period was a pair $2.8{\pm}1.5$, two pairs $2.5{\pm}1.5$, three pairs $1.7{\pm}0.7$, four pairs $1.3{\pm}0.5$ days and pre-oviposition period was shorten in higher breeding density. The mean of laying eggs was $248.9{\pm}80.7$, was not related breeding density. Daily oviposition rate was 1st day 20.8%, 2nd 17.3%, 3rd 14.3%, 4th 12.7%, 5th 7.0%, the rate was highest in 1st day and gradually reduced. Egg period was $21.8{\pm}0.7$ days and hatchability was $95.5{\pm}4.8%$. Larval instar was identified the 9th instar, the evidence was able to its skin and marking pattern. Larval period of each instar was 1st $1.0{\pm}0.1$, 2nd $3.3{\pm}0.2$, 3rd $10.2{\pm}1.0$, 4th $6.8{\pm}0.5$, 5th $6.9{\pm}2.0$, 6th $15.4{\pm}4.1$, 7th $18.3{\pm}5.9$, 8th $25.8{\pm}8.7$, 9th $31.2{\pm}13.2$ days. Matured 9th larva was made of cocoon during $2.8{\pm}0.8$ days and pre-pupal, pupal period was $4.6{\pm}0.9$, $5.6{\pm}0.7$ days. Imago was made hard hind wing during $3.8{\pm}0.4$ days in cocoon and come out.