• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.8-15
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• 2019

Korea's R&D investment has significantly increased in recent years and the quantitative outputs such as number of papers and patents have also increased with the investment. However, the quality of R&D outputs has not been fully addressed. In particular, quality of technical performance, such as the quality of patents, has attracted little attention. In this paper, a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was used to construct models for efficiency analysis of R&D investment, focused on quality of technical performance. Indices were proposed to analyze the quantitative and qualitative efficiencies of R&D investment. In order to effectively analyze R&D efficiencies, the measurement units of the input and output variables were standardized. Based on cases of livestock quarantine R&D projects of Korea, the quantitative and qualitative efficiencies of national R&D projects were analyzed and factors that would influence R&D efficiencies were identified. This paper suggests that both quantitative and qualitative efficiencies should be considered when measuring R&D efficiency. Also, it is recommended to carefully consider the characteristics of R&D projects during project selection stage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.192-195
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• 1998

Biomass conversion efficiencies (B.C.E) of six fish species viz, Catla catla, Labeo, rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Hypophthalmicthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio cultured under artificial feed (T1), broiler manure (T2), buffalo manure (T3), N:P:K (25:25:0) (T4) and control pond (T5) have been determined for the period of one year. The overall biomass conversion efficiencies under the influence of T2, T3, and T4 were statistically similar. However, the best (0.40) efficiency was determined under feed supplement-ation (T1).

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.125-129
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• 2008

To predict Daphnia secondary productivity along a trophic gradient indexed as total phosphorus (TP) concentration, we estimated energy transfer efficiencies from food quality for Daphnia such as eicosa-pentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content. Eleven flow-through Daphnia magna growth experiments were conducted with seston from 9 lakes, ponds and river waters. Primary productivities were estimated from food supply rates in the flow-through experiments, producing energy transfer efficiencies from seston to D. magna. We found DHA content was the best predictor of energy transfer efficiencies among the essential fatty acids. An asymptotic saturation model explained 79.6% of the variability In energy transfer efficiencies. Based on empirical data in this study and empirical models from literature, we predict that Daphnia productivity would peak in mesotrophic systems by decreasing food quality and Increasing food quantity along trophic gradient.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.671-678
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• 1997

This study was conducted to use oyster shell as media for biological wastewater treatment. The comparison between the removal efficiencies of the activated sludge and the submerged biofilm process with oyster shell media (5% of reactor volume) for domestic sewage treatment was made. The contaminant removal efficiencies of the submerged process were higher than that of the activated sludge process. And the removal efficiencies of the submerged biofilm process with oyster shell media of 10% and 18% were Investigated at various loading rate. The removal efficiencies of 10% were higher than that of the 18% during the experimental period. The effluent concentration from the sub- merged bloom process using oyster shell media was prediceted by the Stover-Kincannon model.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.323-344
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• 2001

This study analyzes the relative efficiencies of three types of non-landfill treatment of food wastes; recycling to fertilizers or animal feeds, reducing the size of food wastes, and fermentation of food wastes. Unlike previous studies our study incorporates not only usual inputs and outputs but also emissions of pollutants such as odor and noise generated by the treatment facilities into the analysis. A nonparametric method suggested by Fare et al. (1989) has been used to estimate the relative efficiencies of facilities incorporating emission of pollutants. The results show that recycling is more efficient than the other two treatment methods. It is also shown that the usual models that do not incorporate the environmental aspects of the treatment facilities derive a biased conclusion on the relative efficiencies.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.63-68
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• 1996

This study was to discuss limiting factors influenced on the removal efficiencies of nitrogenous compounds investigated using the polypropyrene media which was to attach microorganism in order to apply the fixed-biofilm process. The main limiting factors are the hydraulic retention time (HRT), C/N ratio, $COD/NO_{3}-N$ ratio and temperature. The hydraulic retention time HRT were 6, 8, 10, 12 hrs and the C/N ratio range was 2.5-9.5. The $COD/NO_{3}-N$ ratio range was 3.2-21.9 and the temperature were 15, 20, 25, 30, $35^{\circ}C$, respectively. The results of this study are summerized as follows. 1. Hydraulic retention time (HRT) to obtain removal efficiencies of T-N higher than 85% had to be 10 hrs above. 2. The removal efficiencies of T-N decreased at C/N ratio from 6.2 to 4.8 in this anoxic-contact aeration system. 3. Denitrification rate decreased at $COD/NO$_{3}$-N$ ratio from 8.0 to 5.0 4. As temperature increased, removal efficiencies of T-N increased.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.15-25
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• 2021

Base on the survey and financial statement on fish-paste processing company, this study aimed to estimate management efficiencies of fish-paste processing management using a data envelopment-analysis (DEA), In-depth interview and to find out their determinants. Model results show that the estimated mean management efficiencies obtained for the VRS and CRS DEA are 83.7% and 89.1%. In-depth interview results also show that efficiencies caused by scale of technical matter was greater than efficiencies caused by the scale of the company. Thus it implies that technical development is essential for achieving high-efficiency of fish-paste processing company more than expanding the size of company.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.1195-1201
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• 2008

Enhancing with non-metallic elemental nitrogen(N) is one of several methods that have been proposed to modify the electronic properties of bulk titanium dioxide($TiO_2$), in order to make $TiO_2$ effective under visible-light irradiation. Accordingly, current study evaluated the feasibility of applying visible-light-induced $TiO_2$ enhanced with N element to cleanse aromatic compounds, focusing on xylene isomers at indoor air quality(IAQ) levels. The N-enhanced $TiO_2$ was prepared by applying two popular processes, and they were coated by applying two well-known methods. For three o-, m-, and p-xylene, the two coating methods exhibited different photocatalytic oxidation(PCO) efficiencies. Similarly, the two N-doping processes showed different PCO efficiencies. For all three stream flow rates(SFRs), the degradation efficiencies were similar between o-xylene and m,p-xylene. The degradation efficiencies of all target compounds increased as the SFR decreased. The degradation efficiencies determined via a PCO system with N-enhanced visible-light induced $TiO_2$ was somewhat lower than that with ultraviolet(UV)-light induced unmodified $TiO_2$, which was reported by previous studies. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that PCO efficiencies increased up to 94% for o-xylene and 97% for the m,p-xylene under lower SFR(0.5 L $min^{-1}$). Consequently, it is suggested that with appropriate SFR conditions, the visible-light-assisted photocatalytic systems could also become important tools for improving IAQ.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2004

A reproducible transformation system via optimized regeneration media for Korean rice cultivars was established using Agrobacterium tumefeciens LBA4404 (pSBM-PPGN; gusA and bar). Although japonica rice genotypes were easier to produce transgenic plants compared to Tongil type cultivars, transformation efficiencies were not always correlated with regeneration efficiencies of non-transgenic callus on the control medium. Regeneration efficiencies of Donganbyeo, Ilmibyeo, and Manchubyeo were over 50% in non-transgenic control, however, transformation efficiencies were significantly low when only sucrose was added to the media as a carbon source. However, the medium, MSRK5SS-Pr (or MSRK5SM-Pr), that contains $5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ kinetin, $0.5\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ NAA, 2 % sucrose (or maltose), 3% sorbitol, and $500\textrm{mgL}^{-1}$ proline, was the most efficient not only for regeneration of non-transgenic callus but also for regeneration of transgenic callus in the presence of L-phosphinotricin (PPT). Average transformation efficiencies of 16 Korean rice cultivars were significantly enhanced by using the optimized medium from 1.5% to 5.8% in independent callus lines and from 2.9% to 19.4% in tromsgenic plants obained. Approximately 98.9% (876 out of 885) transgenic plants obtained on optimized media showed basta resistance. Stable integration, inheritance and expression of gusA and bar genes were continued by GUS assay and PCR and Southern analysis of the bar gene. With Pst1 digestion of genomic DNA of transgenic plants, one to five copies of T-DNA segment were observed; however, 76% (19 out of 25 transgenic plants) has low copy number of T-DNA. The transformants obtained from one callus line showed the same copy numbers with the same fractionized band patterns.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

This study was focused on improving nitrification efficiencies of M-dephanox (Modified-Dephanox) process. Rotating biological contactor (RBC) was used instead of floating sponge type media in nitrification reactor. High ammonia removal efficiencies were observed in nitrification reactor, regardless of organic loading from contactor of M-dephanox process. Denitrification efficiencies were also increased to maintain low $NO_3-N$ concentration in effluent. This enhanced phosphate release in anaerobic contactor and resulted in high removal efficiencies of phophorus. Average removal efficiencies of $TCOD_{Cr}$ and $SCOD_{Cr}$ were 93.8% and 81.6%, respectively, while those of TKN and ${NH_4}^+-N$ were 80.9% and 74.4%, respectively. As for phosphorous treatment, the average removal efficiencies of TP and OP were 94.7% and 94.3%, respectively. Also, effect of operating temperature on nitrogen removal was examined. Average removal efficiency of TN was 65.8 % at $15^{\circ}C$ or below (at average temperature of $13.3^{\circ}C$), while that was 82.8% at $15^{\circ}C$ or above (at average temperature of $21.9^{\circ}C$).