• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The efficacy of Lab4 probiotic and vitamin C combination on the prevention of upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) was investigated in two studies with children. Our objective was to pool dataset of 57 preschool children from the PROCHILD study (ISRCTN28722693) and the dataset of 50 preschool matched cohort from the PROCHILD-2 study (ISRCTN26587549) to evaluate the impact of probiotic/vitamin C combination on the prevention of upper respiratory tract symptoms and provide a more robust assessment of effect using detailed individual level data. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The children were supplemented daily for 6 months with either the multistrain probiotic (1.25×10¹⁰ cfu/tablet consisting of two strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus CUL21 and CUL60, Bifidobacterium bifidum CUL20 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis CUL34) plus 50 mg vitamin C or a placebo. RESULTS: In the pooled analysis of the individual participant data (per protocol population), significant reductions were observed for the incidence (-25%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66, 0.85; P < 0.0001) and duration (-14.9 days; 95% CI, -24.8, -5.1; P = 0.0030) of typical URTI symptoms in the active group compared with the placebo. The incidence rates of absenteeism from preschool (IR ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.66, 0.86; P < 0.0001), paediatric visits (IR ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.47; 0.68; P < 0.0001) and antibiotic usage (IR ratio, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.39, 0.71; P < 0.0001) were also significantly reduced. CONCLUSION: The pooled analysis findings of comparable preschool cohorts from two studies indicate that the supplementation with probiotic and vitamin C combination is beneficial in the prevention and management of URTI symptoms.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4379-4385
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• 2012

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of intraperitoneal chemotherapy (IPC) for patients with gastric cancer and to compare effects between different regimens of IPC. Method: Randomized controlled trials comparing the effects of surgery plus intraperitoneal chemotherapy with surgery alone or comparing the efficacy between different regimens of intraperitoneal chemotherapy were searched for in Medline, Embase, Pubmed, the Cochrane Library and the Chinese BioMedical Disc and so on by two independent reviewers. After quality assessment and data extraction, data were pooled for meta-analysis using RevMan5.16 software. Tests of interaction were used to test for differences of effects among subgroups grouped according to different IPC regimens. Results: Fifteen RCTs with a total of 1713 patients with gastric cancer were included for quality assessment and data extraction. Ten studies were judged to be of fair quality and entered into meta-analysis. Hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HR=0.60, P<0.01), hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy plus postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HR=0.47, P<0.01) and normothermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HR=0.70, P=0.01) were associated with a significant improvement in overall survival. Tests of interaction showed that hyperthermia and additional postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy did not impact on its effect. Further analysis revealed that intraperitoneal chemotherapy remarkably decrease the rate of postoperative hepatic metastasis by 73% (OR=0.27, 95% CI=0.12 to 0.67, P<0.01). However, intraperitoneal chemotherapy increased risks of marrow depression (OR=5.74, P<0.01), fever (OR=3.67, P=0.02) and intra-abdominal abscess (OR=3.57, P<0.01). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis demonstrates that hyperthermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy and normothermic intraoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy should be recommended to treat patients with gastric cancer because of improvement in overall survival. However, it is noteworthy that intraperitoneal chemotherapy can increase the risks of marrow depression, intra-abdominal abscesses, and fever.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 기존 바이오차의 제한점인 비소 오염 토양 안정화에 대한 낮은 효율과 비산에 의한 유실 가능성을 개선할 수 있는 철 나노입자가 담지된 바이오차 기반 비드 형태 안정화제인 INPBC/bead (Iron Nano-Particles Impregnated BioChar/bead)를 제조하였다. 폐목재 바이오매스를 Fe(III) 용액과 함께 수열 반응을 진행하고 이후 소성을 거쳐 INPBC를 제조하였다. INPBC/bead는 알지네이트의 cross-linking 반응을 통해 제조 하였다. 제조한 INPBC/bead의 특성을 평가하기 위해 FT-IR, XRD, BET 비표 면적, SEM-EDS 분석을 실시하였다. 특성 평가 결과 입자 크기가 1-4 mm인 INPBC/bead는 여러 산소 함유 관능기를 보유하며 표면의 철 결정성은 Fe3O4인 것으로 확인되었다. INPBC/bead의 성능을 평가하기 위해 폐광산 주변 지역에서 채취한 비소 및 중금속 오염 토양을 이용하여 배양 실험을 실시하였다. 4주 동안의 배양이 종료된 후 처리된 토양을 대상으로 TCLP, SPLP 시험을 실시한 결과 안정화제 적용 비율이 증가함에 따라 안정화 효율은 높아지는 것으로 확인되었다. SPLP 시험 결과, INPBC/bead 5%의 비소 안정화 효율은 81.56%이며 납의 경우에는 농도가 검출한계 미만으로 저감되었다. 상기의 결과를 종합하였을 때 INPBC/bead는 토양 중 비소와 납에 대한 안정화 효과를 동시에 보유하고 토양의 pH 변화를 일으키지 않으며 비드 형태로써 적용 과정에서 비산되는 것이 방지할 수 있는 안정화제이기 때문에 비소 및 중금속 복합 오염 토양 안정화에 적용 가능성이 높은 안정화제 인 것으로 판단된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of art therapy to control fatigue in cancer patients during course of radiotherapy and its impact on quality of life (QoL). Materials and Methods: Fifty cancer patients receiving radiotherapy received weekly art therapy sessions using famous painting appreciation. Fatigue and QoL were assessed using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI) Scale and the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-F) at baseline before starting radiotherapy, every week for 4 weeks during radiotherapy, and at the end of radiotherapy. Mean changes of scores over time were analyzed using a generalized linear mixed model. Results: Of the 50 patients, 34 (68%) participated in 4 sessions of art therapy. Generalized linear mixed models testing for the effect of time on mean score changes showed no significant changes in scores from baseline for the BFI and FACIT-F. The mean BFI score and FACIT-F total score changed from 3.1 to 2.7 and from 110.7 to 109.2, respectively. Art therapy based on the appreciation of famous paintings led to increases in self-esteem by increasing self-realization and forming social relationships. Conclusion: Fatigue and QoL in cancer patients with art therapy do not deteriorate during a period of radiotherapy. Despite the single-arm small number of participants and pilot design, this study provides a strong initial demonstration that art therapy of appreciation for famous painting is worthy of further study for fatigue and QoL improvement. Further, it can play an important role in routine practice in cancer patients during radiotherapy.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.231-241
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• 2023

Purpose: Overtriage and undertriage rates are critical metrics in trauma, influenced by both trauma team activation (TTA) criteria and compliance with these criteria. Analysis of undertriaged patients at a level I trauma center revealed suboptimal compliance with existing criteria. This study assessed triage patterns after implementing compliance-focused process interventions. Methods: A physician-driven, free-text alert system was modified to a nonphysician, hospital dispatcher-guided system. The latter employed dropdown menus to maximize compliance with criteria. The preintervention period included patients who presented between May 12, 2020, and December 31, 2020. The postintervention period incorporated patients who presented from May 12, 2021, through December 31, 2021. We evaluated appropriate triage, overtriage, and undertriage using the Standardized Trauma Assessment Tool. Statistical analyses were conducted with an α level of 0.05. Results: The new system was associated with improved compliance with existing TTA criteria (from 70.3% to 79.3%, P=0.023) and decreased undertriage (from 6.0% to 3.2%, P=0.002) at the expense of increasing overtriage (from 46.6% to 57.4%, P<0.001), ultimately decreasing the appropriate triage rate (from 78.4% to 74.6%, P=0.007). Conclusions: This study assessed a workflow change designed to improve compliance with TTA criteria. Improved compliance decreased undertriage to below the target threshold of 5%, albeit at the expense of increased overtriage. The decrease in appropriate triage despite compliance improvements suggests that the current criteria at this institution are not adequately tailored to optimally balance the minimization of undertriage and overtriage. This finding underscores the importance of improved compliance in evaluating the efficacy of TTA criteria.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.930-943
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• 2014

현대사회에서 박물관은 기존의 전통적인 역할을 넘어, 지역사회와의 소통 및 교육의 공간으로서의 사회적 역할에 대한 중요성이 강조되고 있다. 박물관의 다양한 기능 중에서도 특히 사회적 약자 지원과 관련하여 "교육적 기능"이 교육 참가자 및 사회에 미치는 영향은 매우 크다. 사회적 약자를 대상으로 한 박물관 교육은 역사와 문화를 체험하는 기회를 제공함과 동시에 개인의 삶 그리고 지역사회 일원으로서의 역할에 대한 자존감을 함양하고, 나아가 긍정적인 사회 기반 구축에 기여하는 효과가 기대된다. 이러한 프로그램의 성과와 효과분석은 지속적인 평가와 개선 및 실천을 전제로 논의가 계속 되어야 하겠지만, 새로운 프로그램을 시작하고 개선 발전 시켜야 하는 초기 단계에서의 평가 또한 중요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 현재 신설, 운영되고 있는 노숙자를 대상으로 한 박물관 교육 프로그램을 질적 평가 방법을 통해 그 성과와 효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 박물관을 활용한 사회적 약자 지원 교육 프로그램의 평가 모델을 제시하였다. 또한 개발된 평가 모델을 실제 적용하여 프로그램을 평가하고, 그 성과를 측정 하였다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.440-445
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• 2006

통증경감을 위하여 광범위하게 사용되는 acetoaminophen은 치통, 두통에 주로 사용되는 의약물질이다. 의약품의 환경오염과 관련하여 수자원에 유입되는 acetaminophen의 경안천 오염정도를 파악하고 생태 위해성을 평가하기 위하여 본 연구를 수행하였다. 한강 수계이며 용인시와 광주시를 거쳐 팔당호로 흘러 들어가는 경안천(해실교, 수포교, 왕산교, 경안교, 지월교, 광동교, 팔당호)내 acetaminophen 잔류 농도와 분포를 조사하였다. 또한 Daphnia magna를 대상으로 48시간 급성독성평가를 실시하여 위해도를 평가하였다. 잔류의약품 검출을 위해 SPE 추출법을 선택 하였으며, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 경안천 내에서 acetaminophen 0.439 mg/l이 검출되었다. 독성평가를 실시한 결과, 48시간 $LC_{50}$은 16.9 mg/l로 나타났다. 경안천의 acetamionophen 농도와 독성평가를 바탕으로 위해성 평가를 실시한 결과 위해성은 1 이하였다 하지만 국내에 의약품 발달과 함께 사용이 계속적으로 늘어나는 추세이고, 잔류의약품에 대한 대책이 마련되어있지 않은 이상 수환경은 의약품에 노출될 것이다. 그러므로 잔류의약품이 생태계에 악영향을 미치지 않도록 구체적인 방안이 강구되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.271-281
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• 2023

Background: This study aims to improve dental hygiene education by investigating the relationship between metacognition, learning flow, and problem-solving abilities in dental hygiene majors. Methods: A survey was conducted on 2nd to 4th-year students from dental hygiene programs, with 132 responses analyzed. Data analysis involved t-tests and ANOVA to examine the differences in metacognition, learning flow, and problem-solving abilities based on the general characteristics. Multiple regression analysis was employed to investigate the factors influencing the dependent variable, which is problem-solving abilities. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: First, when comparing metacognition, learning flow, and problem-solving abilities based on the general characteristics of the study participants, statistically significant differences were observed in common factors such as major satisfaction, subjective academic performance, GPA (grade point average), and reason for major choice (p<0.05). Second, it was found that there is a significant positive correlation between metacognition, learning flow, and problem-solving abilities in dental hygiene students (r≥0.79, p<0.05). In other words, higher levels of metacognition and learning flow were associated with better problem-solving abilities. Third, factors influencing problem-solving abilities were identified, with both metacognition and learning flow having a statistically significant positive impact. It was also noted that metacognition had a greater influence on problem-solving abilities compared to learning flow (adjusted R²=0.815, p<0.05). Conclusion: To enhance the core competency of problem-solving abilities, it is essential to improve metacognition and learning flow. To enhance metacognition and promote learning flow, strategies such as goal setting, utilizing effective learning methods, boosting self-efficacy, managing the learning environment, choosing activities that foster immersion, stress management, self-assessment and feedback integration, improving focus, and utilization a variety of learning experiences will be necessary.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.62-78
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aims to assess the impact of acupotomy on migraine through an examination of clinical studies conducted since 2015. Methods : We conducted a comprehensive search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized controlled trials (nRCTs) related to acupotomy treatment for migraine, utilizing five Korean online databases (OASIS, Science ON, DBPIA, KISS, RISS), as well as four foreign online databases (CNKI, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library). We identified a total of 10 relevant studies for analysis. Participants characteristics, treatment points, combination treatments, treatment cycles or frequencies, evaluation indices, efficacy, and adverse events were analyzed. The risk of bias in the 10 RCTs was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Results : A total of 931 participants were included in 10 studies. In the intervention group, the average duration of migraine morbidity ranged from 15.5±4.5 months to 15.9±4.2 years. Six studies based their diagnoses on the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD), while five studies relied on Chinese diagnostic criteria. All studies specified the treatment area as the region exhibiting tenderness or induration on the head and neck. Treatment cycles ranged from a minimum of 2 days to a maximum of 1 week, with the number of days per treatment course varied from 5 days to 4 weeks. The diameter of acupuncture needles used varied between 0.3 mm and 1 mm. Of the eight studies specifying needle length, the shortest was 20 mm, and the longest was 40 mm. A total of eight evaluation indices were employed, with total efficacy rate (TER) and visual analogue scale (VAS) being the most frequently used. Statistically, all intervention groups showed more significant results compared to the control groups. Adverse events were reported in only two studies within the intervention group. Overall, the risk of bias assessment for the selected RCTs ranged from 'some concerns' to 'high risk of bias.' Conclusions : This study showed that acupotomy treatments for migraine were effective.