• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.591-608
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• 2023

With the emergence of advanced encryption technologies such as Quantum Cryptography and Full Disk Encryption, an era of strengthening information security has begun. Users respond positively to the advancement of privacy-enhancing technology, on the other hand, investigative agencies have difficulty unveiling the actual truth as they fail to decrypt devices. In particular, unlike past ciphers, encryption methods using biometric information such as fingerprints, iris, and faces have become common and have faced technical limitations in collecting digital evidence. Accordingly, normative solutions have emerged as a major issue. The United States enacted the CLOUD Act with the legal mechanism of 'Contempt of court' and in 2016, the United Kingdom substantiated the Compelled Decryption through the Investigatory Powers Act (IPA). However, it is difficult to enforce Compelled Decryption on individuals in Korea because Korean is highly sensitive to personal information. Therefore, in this paper, we sought a method of introducing a Compelled Decryption that does not contradict the people's legal sentiment through a perception survey of 95 people on the Compelled Decryption. We tried to compare and review the Budapest Convention with major overseas laws such as the United States and the United Kingdom, and to suggest a direction of legislation acceptable to the people in ways to minimize infringement of privacy. We hope that this study will be an effective legal response plan for law enforcement agencies that can normatively overcome the technical limitations of decoding.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.2246-2255
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• 2023

Evacuation time estimation (ETE) is crucial for the effective implementation of resident protection measures as well as planning, owing to its applicability to nuclear emergencies. However, as confirmed in the Fukushima case, the ETE performed by nuclear operators does not reflect behavioral features, exposing thus, gaps that are likely to appear in real-world situations. Existing research methods including surveys and interviews have limitations in extracting highly feasible behavioral features. To overcome these limitations, we propose a VR-based immersive experiment system. The VR system realistically simulates nuclear emergencies by structuring existing disasters and human decision processes in response to the disasters. Evacuation behavioral features were quantitatively extracted through the proposed experiment system, and this system was systematically verified by statistical analysis and a comparative study of experimental results based on previous research. In addition, as part of future work, an application method that can simulate multi-level evacuation dynamics was proposed. The proposed experiment system is significant in presenting an innovative methodology for quantitatively extracting human behavioral features that have not been comprehensively studied in evacuation. It is expected that more realistic evacuation behavioral features can be collected through additional experiments and studies of various evacuation factors in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.203-221
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to explore the role of social media in attracting international patients for cosmetic services in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims to conceptualize social media as an effective marketing tool for minimizing perceived risks associated with cosmetic services and increasing patient satisfaction. Methods: The study validated proposed hypotheses using the PROCESS macro for SPSS with overseas patients who received cosmetic treatment in private Korean plastic surgery clinics in Busan. Results: This study found that information delivery capability reduced perceived risk and contributed to patient satisfaction, while communication capability did not show any significant relationship with perceived risk and satisfaction. In addition, information delivery capability had a significant direct effect on patient satisfaction, but communication capability did not. Conclusion: It is expected that the outcomes of this study will broaden our understanding of the use of social media in reducing perceived risk and increasing satisfaction.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2023

TiO₂ is a versatile metal oxide material that is frequently used as a photo-catalyst for organic pollutant oxidation and a functional material for ultraviolet-ray protection. To improve its chemical/physical properties and widen the range of industrial application, it is demanded to control the crystalline feature and morphology precisely by applying advanced nano-synthesis methods. In this study, we prepared TiO₂ nanoparticles using the water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion method and compared them with the particles synthesized by the conventional precipitation method. Also, we tried to find the optimum conditions for obtaining nano-sized, anatase-rich TiO₂ particles by the W/O microemulsion method. We analyzed the crystalline feature and particle size of the prepared samples using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In summary, we found the W/O microemulsion is more effective than precipitation in obtaining nano-sized TiO₂. The best result was derived when the microemulsion was formed using AOT surfactant, hydrolysis was performed under basic condition and the sample was calcined at 200℃.

• Explosives and Blasting
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2012

Blasting methods are frequently used in case of forming slope artificially like slope cutting and open-cut method in the downtown area because of many economical and effective advantages. It is important that blasting work is carried out maintaining original strength of rock and not to damage rock face. And it is also considered that blasting method to decrease ground vibration is essential to the point of blast damages due to the ground vibration. In this study, to form a smooth plane of rock slope face, many trial blasts were carried out in this way that explosives were installed in detonating cord by equal interval in different charging method and stemming method. Using 4 blasting patterns in total 60 blast holes and 20 times of blasts were carried out. At the same time ground vibration measurements were carried out 15~102m away from the blast source, and total number of 310 data were obtained. Measured data for ground vibration velocity were analyzed so as to study blasting method to protect slope plane while decreasing blast vibration in an effective way.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.250-254
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• 2004

Background: It is necessary for human beings to uptake vitamin C through diet or supplements. It is also well-known that vitamin C plays an important role in the prevention of scurvy, enhancement of collagen synthesis and anti-tumor immune response. In addition, there are several recent reports regarding the effective role of vitamin C on the regulation of allergic responses, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. However, the effective therapeutic and preventive measures using vitamin C are not established yet, since vitamin C is seriously unstable in aqueous solution. Therefore, we have investigated the best way to maintain the stability of vitamin C. Methods: After we making a mixture of polyphenol (0.001, 0.01, 0.1%) and vitamin C (1 mM), the mixtures were placed at room temperature both with/without light protection. And then the concentration of ascorbic acid was measured with HPLC. To analyze the in vivo effect of vitamin C on the regulation of skin allergic reaction, polyphenol (0.1%)-vitamin C (1 mM) mixture was applied to the skin and the production of histamine from mast cell was analyzed by Evans blue dye staining. Results: We have found that the polyphenol has preventive power of oxidation of vitamin C. In addition, the production of histamine was suppressed by the polyphenol (0.1%)-vitamin C (1 mM) mixture. Conclusion: We have reached the conclusion that our study suggests the research guideline for the therapy of atopic dermatitis through vitamin C.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.193-203
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• 2000

Objectives : Hindered barrier function of vascular endothelium has been implicated in the initiation and progression of degenerative vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis. In this study, the effect of Sunghyangchungisan(SHCS) as a protectant against oxidant-induced destruction of endothelial barrier function was assessed. Methods : Toward this end, endothelial cells derived from the human umbilical vein were cultured as monolayers on permeable membrane filters. Endothelial permeability was monitored by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance and movement of low density lipoprotein (LDL) across the endothelial monolayer. Results : Along with increased movement of LDL, $H_2O_2$-induced increase in endothelial permeability was paralleled by a decrease in transendotheliaI electrical resistance. The effect of $H_2O_2$ was mimicked by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of proteinkinase C. Calphostin-C, a protein kinase C inhibitor, effectively blocked the increase in endothelial permeability induced by $H_2O_2$ or PMA, indicating that activation of protein kinase C is associated with the $H_2O_2-induced$ permeability change. SHCS effectively protected the endothelial monolayer against $H_2O_2-induced$ increase in permeability, whereas, it did not affect PMA-induced change. Forskolin, a potent activator of adenylyl cyclase, antagonized $H_2O_2$ to increase endothelial permeability. In addition, in ${H_2O_2}-treated$ cens, intracenular cAMP concentration was significantly decreased, indicating that impaired cAMP production as well as activation of proteinkinase C is a mechanism underlying ${H_2O_2}>-induced$$H_2O_2$ with regard to its effect on intracellular cAMP content. However, SHCS itself did not affect resting cAMP concentration in endothelial cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that SHCS might operate as an effective protectant against oxidant-induced destruction of endothelial barrier function. The mechanism does not appear to involve direct interaction with protein kinase C- or cAMP-associated signaling mechanism.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2014

Background: Biological control of plant pathogens using benign or beneficial microorganisms as antagonistic agents is currently considered to be an important component of integrated pest management in agricultural crops. In this study, we evaluated the potential of Bacillus subtilis strain HK-CSM-1 as a biological control agent against Colletotrichum panacicola. Methods: The potential of B. subtilis HK-CSM-1 as a biological control agent for ginseng anthracnose was assessed. C. panacicola was inoculated to ginseng plants and the incidence and severity of disease was assessed to examine the efficacy of the bacterium as a biological control against C. panacicola. Results: Inoculation of Panax ginseng plants with B. subtilis significantly suppressed the number of disease lesions of C. panacicola and was as effective as the chemical fungicide iminoctadine tris(albesilate). The antifungal activity of B. subtilis against C. panacicola was observed on a co-culture medium. Interestingly, treatment with B. subtilis did not significantly affect the diameter of the lesions, suggesting that the mechanism of protection was through the reduction in the incidence of infection related to the initial events of the infection cycle, including penetration and infection via spore germination and appressorium formation rather than by the inhibition of invasive growth after infection. Conclusion: Our results suggest that B. subtilis HK-CSM-1 can be used as an effective and ecologically friendly biological control agent for anthracnose in P. ginseng.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-13
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was performed to choose more effective neuro-protective acupuncture point and to verify the effect of acupuncture in promoting neurogenesis and angiogenesis as a result of its neuro-vasculo-regenerative effect in middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats. Methods : By TTc staining we chose the most effective acupuncture point with neuro-protection. We randomly divided into four groups: Such as (1) sham group(with sham-operation), (2) sham+acupuncture group(with sham-operation), (3) middle cerebral artery occlusion group, (4) MCAO+AT group. Acupuncture procedure was performed for four days. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent, according to the manufacturer's instructions, and was purified using an RNAeasy mini kit. Immuno-histochemistry was performed using primary antibody mouse anti-BrdU, NeuN, Dcx, and VEGF. Results : We found that $ST_{36}$ had the more neuroprotective effect than $LI_{11}$ and $SP_3$. The microarray analysis revealed that 54 genes were more expressed neurogenesis pathway in MCAO+AT group compared with MCAO group(fold changes greater than or equal to twofold change). 11 genes were more expressed angiogenesis pathway. And 7 genes were more expressed VEGF pathway. Immuno-histochemistry revealed that cell proliferation, cell migration and cell maturation were increased. Conclusions : This study demonstrated that acupuncture on $ST_{36}$ had neuro-protective and neuro-restorative effect in ischemic brain injuries. And its mechanism might be related to promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis. These results suggest that acupuncture have potential benefits for the treatment of ischemic stroke.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.17-27
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• 2017

Recently, as cyber attacks have been activated, many such attacks have come into contact with various media. Research on security engineering and reverse engineering is active, but there is a lack of research that integrates them and applies attack systems through cost effective attack engineering. In this paper, security - enhanced information systems are developed by security engineering and reverse engineering is used to identify vulnerabilities. Using this vulnerability, we compare and analyze lifecycle models that construct or remodel attack system through attack engineering, and specify structure and behavior of each system, and propose more effective modeling. In addition, we extend the existing models and tools to propose graphical attack specification models that specify attack methods and scenarios in terms of models such as functional, static, and dynamic.