• Animal Bioscience
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.184-192
• /
• 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the genetic structure and characteristics of the Angus cattle population in Hungary. The survey was performed with the assistance of the Hungarian Hereford, Angus, Galloway Association (HHAGA). Methods: Genetic parameters of 1,369 animals from 16 Angus herds were analyzed using the genotyping results of 12 microsatellite markers with the aid of PowerMarker, Genalex, GDA-NT2021, and STRUCTURE software. Genotyping of DNA was performed using an automated genetic analyzer. Based on pairwise identity by state values of animals, the Python networkx 2.3 library was used for network analysis of the breed and to identify the central animals. Results: The observed numbers of alleles on the 12 loci under investigation ranged from 11 to 18. The average effective number of alleles was 3.201. The overall expected heterozygosity was 0.659 and the observed heterozygosity was 0.710. Four groups were detected among the 16 Angus herds. The breeders' information validated the grouping results and facilitated the comparison of birth weight, age at first calving, number of calves born and productive lifespan data between the four groups, revealing significant differences. We identified the central animals/herd of the Angus population in Hungary. The match of our group descriptions with the phenotypic data provided by the breeders further underscores the value of cooperation between breeders and researchers. Conclusion: The observation that significant differences in the measured traits occurred among the identified groups paves the way to further enhancement of breeding efficiency. Our findings have the potential to aid the development of new breeding strategies and help breeders keep the Angus populations in Hungary under genetic supervision. Based on our results the efficient use of an upcoming genomic selection can, in some cases, significantly improve birth weight, age at first calving, number of calves born and the productive lifespan of animals.

• 한국양식학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 2006

현재 우리나라에서 종묘방류량이 많은 넙치의 유전적 다양성을 파악하기 위하여 양식산 어미 암컷 31마리, 수컷 52마리로 총 83마리로부터 생산된 종묘의 유효어미수와 근교계수를 microsatellite DNA marker 7개를 이용하여 추정하였다. 어미집단과 종묘집단의 대립유전자수는 어미집단에 비하여 하루 동안 채란한 E1 종묘집단에서 23.5%가 감소하였고, 이틀 동안 채란한 E2 종묘집단에서는 17.6%가 감소하였다. 유전자 동일성검사 결과, 산란에 관여한 어미수는 E1 종묘집단에서 총 23마리였으며 이중 암컷 9마리, 수컷 14마리였고, E2 종묘집단에서는 35마리로 암컷 15마리, 수컷 20마리였다. 유효 어미집단크기(Ne)를 추정하기 위해 산란에 관여한 실제 어미의 암수의 비율을 보정하면, Ne는 E1 종묘집단에서 21.9마리, E2 종묘집단에서 34.3마리로 추정되었다. 이에 따라 근교계수는 El 종묘집단이 0.023, E2종묘집단은 0.015로서 E2종묘집단에서 낮게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 수산생물의 다양성을 보존하기 위한 FAO의 권고 기준보다 높게 나타남에 따라 유전적 다양성을 향상시키는 방류용 종묘생산 방안이 필요할 것으로 나타났다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.176-182
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate basic information on genetic structure and characteristics of Limousin population in Hungary. Obtained results will be taken into consideration when adopting the new breeding strategy by the Association of Hungarian Limousin and Blonde d'Aquitaine Breeders (AHLBB). Methods: Genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of 3,443 Limousin cattle from 16 different herds were investigated by performing genotyping using 18 microsatellite markers. Amplified DNA was genotyped using an automated genetic analyzer. Results: Mean of effective alleles ($n_e$) of the populations was 3.77. Population C had the lowest number of effective alleles (3.01) and the lowest inbreeding coefficient ($F_{IS}$) value (-0.15). Principal component analysis of estimated genetic distance ($F_{ST}$) values (p<0.000) revealed two herds (C and E) distinct from the majority of other Limousin herds. The pairwise $F_{ST}$ values of population C compared to the others (0.066 to 0.120) fell into the range of moderate genetic distance: 0.050 to 0.150, while population E displayed also moderate genetic distance ($F_{ST}$ values in range 0.052 to 0.064) but only to six populations (G, H, J, L, N, and P). $F_{ST(C-E)}$ was 0.148, all other pairs -excluding C and E herds- displayed low genetic distance ($F_{ST}$<0.049). Population D, F, I, J, K, L, N, O, and P carried private alleles, which alleles belonged to 1.1% of the individuals. Most probable number of clusters (K) were 2 and 7 determined by Structure and BAPS software. Conclusion: This study showed useful genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship data that can be utilized for the development of a new breeding strategy by AHLBB. The results presented could also contribute to the proper selection of animals for further whole genome scan studies of Limousins.

• 농업과학연구
• /
• 제50권2호
• /
• pp.193-206
• /
• 2023

Orchidaceae species account for one-tenth of all angiosperms including more than 30,000 species having significant ecological, evolutionary, and economic importance. Despite Orchidaceae being one of the largest families among flowering plants, crucial cytogenetic information for studying species diversification, inferring phylogenetic relationships, and designing efficient breeding strategies is lacking, except for 10% or less of orchid species cases involving mostly chromosome number or karyotype analysis. Also, only approximately 1.5% of the identified orchid species from less than a hundred genera have genome size data that provide crucial information for breeders and molecular geneticists. Various molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), have been developed for determining ploidy levels, analyzing karyotypes, and evaluating hybridity, in several ornamental crops including orchids. The estimation of genome size and the determination of nuclear DNA content using flow cytometry have also been employed in some Orchidaceae subfamilies. These different techniques have played an important role in supplementing beneficial knowledge for effective plant breeding programs and other related plant research. This review focused on orchid breeding summarizes the status of current cytogenetic tools in terms of background, advancements, different techniques, significant findings, and research challenges. Principal roles and applications of cytogenetics in orchid breeding as well as different ploidy level determination methods crucial for breeding are also discussed.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.149-160
• /
• 2014

Plant breeders have focused on improving plant architecture as an effective means to increase crop yield. Here, we identify the main-effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for plant shape-related traits in rice (Oryza sativa) and find candidate genes by applying whole genome re-sequencing of two parental cultivars using next-generation sequencing. To identify QTLs influencing plant shape, we analyzed six traits: plant height, tiller number, panicle diameter, panicle length, flag leaf length, and flag leaf width. We performed QTL analysis with 178 $F_7$ recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross of japonica rice line 'SNU-SG1' and indica rice line 'Milyang23'. Using 131 molecular markers, including 28 insertion/deletion markers, we identified 11 main- and 16 minor-effect QTLs for the six traits with a threshold LOD value > 2.8. Our sequence analysis identified fifty-four candidate genes for the main-effect QTLs. By further comparison of coding sequences and meta-expression profiles between japonica and indica rice varieties, we finally chose 15 strong candidate genes for the 11 main-effect QTLs. Our study shows that the whole-genome sequence data substantially enhanced the efficiency of polymorphic marker development for QTL fine-mapping and the identification of possible candidate genes. This yields useful genetic resources for breeding high-yielding rice cultivars with improved plant architecture.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.167-179
• /
• 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to create a set of microsatellite markers with high polymorphism for the genetic monitoring and genetic structure analysis of local goose populations. Methods: Novel microsatellite markers were isolated from the genomic DNA of white Roman geese using short tandem repeated probes. The DNA segments, including short tandem repeats, were tested for their variability among four populations of geese from the Changhua Animal Propagation Station (CAPS). The selected microsatellite markers could then be used to monitor genetic variability and study the genetic structures of geese from local geese farms. Results: 14 novel microsatellite loci were isolated. In addition to seven known loci, two multiplex sets were constructed for the detection of genetic variations in geese populations. The average of allele number, the effective number of alleles, the observed heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, and the polymorphism information content were 11.09, 5.145, 0.499, 0.745, and 0.705, respectively. The results of analysis of molecular variance and principal component analysis indicated a contracting white Roman cluster and a spreading Chinese cluster. In white Roman populations, the CAPS populations were depleted to roughly two clusters when K was set equal to 6 in the Bayesian cluster analysis. The founders of private farm populations had a similar genetic structure. Among the Chinese geese populations, the CAPS populations and private populations represented different clads of the phylogenetic tree and individuals from the private populations had uneven genetic characteristics according to various analyses. Conclusion: Based on this study's analyses, we suggest that the CAPS should institute a proper breeding strategy for white Roman geese to avoid further clustering. In addition, for preservation and stable quality, the Chinese geese in the CAPS and the aforementioned proper breeding scheme should be introduced to geese breeders.

• 한국가금학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.255-268
• /
• 1990

본 연구는 상업용 난용종계에서 선발에 의한 유전력과 유전상관계수등의 유전모수가 어떤 양상으로 변화하는지를 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 분석에 이용된 자료는 백색레그혼종 1계통(Line-W)과 갈색난용종 1계통(Line-B)에 대한 1980년부터 1985년까지의 6년간 5세대 동안의 선발결과에 대한 것으로 표현형 능력 변화와 근친교배의 영향력 분석 및 유전력과 유전상관계수의 추정에 의해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 두 계통의 표현형 능력 변화는 주 선발형질인 300일령 산란수와 400일령 산란수에서, Line-W의 경우는 4세대와 5세대에서 감소한 것으로 나타난 반면, Line-B에서는 희귀분석에 의해 각각 2.87개와 4.25개씩 증가한 것으로 나타났다. 초산일령은 두 계통에서 각각 세대당 1.61일과 4.44일씩 단축된 것으로 분석되었는데, Line-B에서 얻어진 수치는 고도의 유의성을 보였다. Line-W에서 나타난 산란수의 감소추세가 유전적개량의 한계에 의한 것인지의 여부는 대조구 집단에 의한 자료가 없는 한 확인하기가 어려웠다. 2. 폐쇄집단에서 이루어진 선발과정에서 필연적으로 나타날 근친교배의 영향력에 대해 알아보기 위하여 매세대 유효양친수에 의한 근교계수 상승도를 추정한 결과 각각 0.2％와 0.3％로 나타났고, 가계형성원을 조사하여 계산된 세대별 근교계수는 각각 0.8％이하로 나타나서 근친교배로 인한 능력의 저하현상이나 유전모수 추정의 오차는 무시해도 좋을 것으로 판단되었다. 3. 두 계통의 주요 형질에 대한 유전력은 대부분의 형질에서 모 분산에 의한 추정치가 부 분산이나 희귀분석에 의한 추정치에 비해서 높게 나타나, 이들 형질에 미치는 모체효과를 포함한 비상가적 유전변이의 존재를 암시해 주었다. 300일령 산란수와 산란율 등의 형질에 대한 유전력은 두 계통에서 세대 경과에 따라 감소되는 추세를 보였으나, 30주령 및 40주령시에 난중에 대한 유전력 추정치는 세대 경과에 따라 뚜렷한 감소 추세를 보이지 못했다. 또한, 주요 형질 사이의 유전상관계수도 세대 경과에 따라 일정한 방향으로 변화되지 않는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 여러 형질이 동시에 선발되었고 또 각 형질에 대한 선발비중이 세대별로 일정하지 못했던데서 오는 형질간 유전자 작용의 복합성에 기인되는 것으로 생각되었다.