• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-31
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• 2017

Modern businesses are adopting new technologies to serve their markets better as well as to improve efficiency and productivity. The advertising industry has continuously experienced disruptions from the traditional channels (radio, television and print media) to new complex ones including internet, social media and mobile-based advertising. This case study focuses on proposing intelligent advertising business model in Seoul's metro network. Seoul has one of the world's busiest metro network and transports a huge number of travelers on a daily basis. The high number of travelers coupled with a well-planned metro network creates a platform where marketers can initiate engagement and interact with both customers and potential customers. In the current advertising model, advertising is on illuminated and framed posters in the stations and in-car, non-illuminated posters, and digital screens that show scheduled arrivals and departures of metros. Some stations have digital screens that show adverts but they do not have location capability. Most of the current advertising media have one key limitation: space. For posters whether illuminated or not, one space can host only one advert at a time. Empirical literatures show that there is room for improving this advertising model and eliminate the space limitation by replacing the poster adverts with digital advertising platform. This new model will not only be digital, but will also provide intelligent advertising platform that is driven by data. The digital platform will incorporate location sensing, e-commerce, and mobile platform to create new value to all stakeholders. Travel cards used in the metro will be registered and the card scanners will have a capability to capture traveler's data when travelers tap their cards. This data once analyzed will make it possible to identify different customer groups. Advertisers and marketers will then be able to target specific customer groups, customize adverts based on the targeted consumer group, and offer a wide variety of advertising formats. Format includes video, cinemagraphs, moving pictures, and animation. Different advert formats create different emotions in the customer's mind and the goal should be to use format or combination of formats that arouse the expected emotion and lead to an engagement. Combination of different formats will be more effective and this can only work in a digital platform. Adverts will be location based, ensuring that adverts will show more frequently when the metro is near the premises of an advertiser. The advertising platform will automatically detect the next station and screens inside the metro will prioritize adverts in the station where the metro will be stopping. In the mobile platform, customers who opt to receive notifications will receive them when they approach the business premises of advertiser. The mobile platform will have indoor navigation for the underground shopping malls that will allow customers to search for facilities within the mall, products they may want to buy as well as deals going on in the underground mall. To create an end-to-end solution, the mobile solution will have a capability to allow customers purchase products through their phones, get coupons for deals, and review products and shops where they have bought a product. The indoor navigation will host intelligent mobile-based advertisement and a recommendation system. The indoor navigation will have adverts such that when a customer is searching for information, the recommendation system shows adverts that are near the place traveler is searching or in the direction that the traveler is moving. These adverts will be linked to the e-commerce platform such that if a customer clicks on an advert, it leads them to the product description page. The whole system will have multi-language as well as text-to-speech capability such that both locals and tourists have no language barrier. The implications of implementing this model are varied including support for small and medium businesses operating in the underground malls, improved customer experience, new job opportunities, additional revenue to business model operator, and flexibility in advertising. The new value created will benefit all the stakeholders.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.605-611
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• 2015

A synthetic strain of ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) was developed by introducing genes for long duration of fertility to be used as mother of mule ducklings and a seven-generation selection experiment was conducted to increase the number of fertile eggs after a single artificial insemination (AI) with pooled Muscovy semen. Reciprocal crossbreeding between Brown Tsaiya LRI-2 (with long duration of fertility) and Pekin L-201 (with white plumage mule ducklings) ducks produced the G0. Then G1 were intercrossed to produce G2 and so on for the following generations. Each female duck was inseminated 3 times, at 26, 29, and 32 weeks of age. The eggs were collected for 14 days from day 2 after AI. Individual data regarding the number of incubated eggs (Ie), the number of fertile eggs at candling at day 7 of incubation (F), the total number of dead embryos (M), the maximum duration of fertility (Dm) and the number of hatched mule ducklings (H) with plumage colour were recorded. The selection criterion was the breeding values of the best linear unbiased prediction animal model for F. The results show high percentage of exhibited heterosis in G2 for traits to improve (19.1% for F and 12.9% for H); F with a value of 5.92 (vs 3.74 in the Pekin L-201) was improved in the G2. Heritabilities were found to be low for Ie ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.03$) and M ($h^2=0.07{\pm}0.01$), moderately low for Dm ($h^2=0.13{\pm}0.02$), of medium values for H ($h^2=0.20{\pm}0.03$) and F ($h^2=0.23{\pm}0.03$). High and favourable genetic correlations existed between F and Dm ($r_g=0.93$), between F and H ($r_g=0.97$) and between Dm and H ($r_g=0.90$). The selection experiment showed a positive trend for phenotypic values of F (6.38 fertile eggs in G10 of synthetic strain vs 5.59 eggs in G4, and 3.74 eggs in Pekin L-201), with correlated response for increasing H (5.73 ducklings in G10 vs 4.86 in G4, and 3.09 ducklings in Pekin L-201) and maximum duration of the fertile period without increasing the embryo mortality rate. The average predicted genetic response for F was 40% of genetic standard deviation per generation of selection. The mule ducklings' feather colour also was improved. It was concluded that this study provided results for a better understanding of the genetics of the duration of fertility traits in the common female duck bred for mule and that the selection of a synthetic strain was effective method of improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.430-439
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of web-based nutrition counseling on food intake and dietary behavior of type II diabetic patients. Forty type II diabetic patients, twenty -one of them were diabetic patients without complication (Ncx -DM) and nineteen of them were diabetic patients with complication (Cx-DM), participated in a web-based nutrition counseling program. At the first nutrition counseling, the patients were counselled through interview and then follow up nutrition counseling was accomplished four times during eight weeks through the web-based internet program. The web-based nutrition counseling program was consisted of diet management, nutrition counseling, nutritional assessment and follow-up management pro-gram The diet therapy knowledge score increased significantly (p<0.001) in both groups after the nutrition counseling. The dietary behavior score also increased significantly (p<0.001). For food frequency, vegetable (p<0.01), fish & shellfish (p<0.01) and seaweed (p<0.01) intake increased significantly, while potatoes, bread and carbohydrate beverage intake decreased, specially sugar products (p<0.01) and instant food (p<0.01) intake decreased significantly in both groups after the nutrition counseling, The evaluation of the web-based nutrition counseling and its program by the diabetic patients showed above average in all domains, specially the evaluation scores of younger aged patients habituated to practice computer were better than those of older aged patients. Therefore, this study shows that the web-based nutrition counseling is effective for improving dietary behavior and food intake of the patients. In addition, these results indicate that internet presents us with potential as a new medium for nutrition counseling ill informationized society.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.121-132
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• 2015

This study by the authenticity of the CSV in social contribution activities and not giving a positive effect on job satisfaction of employees, as adjusted by the identification variables in the organization that were neglected during the research for the CSV its positive impact on job satisfaction the purpose is to verify whether this study has been carried out by a survey of employees of some medium-sized enterprises and large corporations to small businesses and worker being served on them, social contributions derived for the research activities of public interest and corporate profit activities classified and divided whether the legitimacy of the employees for social contribution activities that are embedded in its base in the perception of moral legitimacy and practical perceived legitimacy of these four variables were presented, and how these variables presented a positive effect on employee job satisfaction, control Job organizational changes saw equate to verify that controls are effective. As a result, first, the authenticity of the CSV is giving a positive effect on the activity of public interest've found that giving a positive effect on the perception of employees and the moral legitimacy, and job satisfaction of employees has showed that it does not affect, whichIt could not be verified because of the moderating effect between job satisfaction and perceived moral legitimacy. Second, CSVDML authenticity showed that a positive effect on the perception of practical legitimacy by giving employees a positive impact on corporate profit activity, which results significantly affected the job satisfaction of employees. And moderator of the organization identified has been proven that there is a moderating effect between job satisfaction and perceived practical justification. In order to improve employee job satisfaction by the public activities through this research, public service activities can be seen that the need for settlement of corporate culture that can impress an astute awareness of the strategic objectives of companies seeking employees.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-113
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• 2006

This study peformed to confirm the corrected dose In different electron density materials using the superposition/FFT convolution method in radiotherapy Planning system. The experiments of the $K_2HPO_4$ diluted solution for bone substitute, Cork for lung and n-Glucose for soft tissue are very close to effective atomic number of tissue materials. The image data acquisited from the 110 KVp and 130 KVp CT scanner (Siemes, Singo emotions). The electron density was derived from the CT number (H) and adapted to planning system (Xio, CMS) for heterogeneity correction. The heterogeneity tissue phantom used for measurement dose comparison to that of delivered computer planning system. In the results, this investigations showed the CT number is highly affected in photoelectric effect in high Z materials. The electron density in a given energy spectrum showed the relation of first order as a function of H in soft tissue and bone materials, respectively. In our experiments, the ratio of electron density as a function of H was obtained the 0.001026H+1.00 in soft tissue and 0.000304H+1.07 for bone at 130 KVp spectrum and showed 0.000274H+1.10 for bone tissue in low 110 KVp. This experiments of electron density calibrations from CT number used to decide depth and length of photon transportation. The Computed superposition and FFT convolution dose showed very close to measurements within 1.0% discrepancy in homogeneous phantom for 6 and 15 MV X rays, but it showed -5.0% large discrepancy in FFT convolution for bone tissue correction of 6 MV X rays. In this experiments, the evaluated doses showed acceptable discrepancy within -1.2% of average for lung and -2.9% for bone equivalent materials with superposition method in 6 MV X rays. However the FFT convolution method showed more a large discrepancy than superposition in the low electron density medium in 6 and 15 MV X rays. As the CT number depends on energy spectrum of X rays, it should be confirm gradient of function of CT number-electron density regularly.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2008

Pinewood nematode (PWN) trapping by nematophagous fungi, Arthrobotrys conoides, A. dactyloides and A. oligospora and the fungal growth were characterized. The three Arthrobotrys species each was inoculated into the PWN cultured on Botrytis cinera fungal colony on potato dextrose agar (PDA). The effects of temperature, pH, PWN inoculation density and nutrients on the growth of the three Arthrobotrys spp were measured. A. conoides grew fast, 13.9 mm/day while A. dactyloides grew slow, 3 mm/day. PDA medium was the best for the fungal growth at $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 4.5. The Arthrobotrys spp growth was stimulated by 500 nematodes inoculation but not by 1000 inoculation. A. dactyloides did not grow below pH 4.5 and at high PWN density. A. conoides and A oligospora formed trapping organs with thick constricting hyphal network only when PWN present, while A. dactyloides formed the organ with circular hyphae constitutively. A. conoides formed trapping organs faster than A. oligospora did. The nematode trapping hyphae of the fungi penetrated into PNW inside to form many tiny infection bulbs and to digest the nematode. However, A. dactyloides formed a few trapping organs but no trapping was observed. Infection rate of PWN was 95% by A. conoides, 80% by A. oligospora and 92% by the combination inoculation of A. conoides and A. oligospora. In contrast A. dactyloides increased PWN density without infecton. There was no interaction effect in any combination inoculation of the three Arthrobotrys spp. A. conoides enhanced PWN infection rate by rapid hyphal growth and early trapping, while A. oligospora did it by increasing hyphal density. In conclusion A. conoides is the most effective in both hyphal growth and infection, and thus these characteristics can be utilized as a biological control of PWN.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.184-203
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• 2020

The Confucian ruling class of the Joseon Dynasty regarded Buddhist rituals as "dangerous festivals." However, these Buddhist ceremonies facilitated transitions between phases of life from birth till death and strengthened communal unity through their joint practice of the rites. Ritual spaces were decorated with various utensils and objects that transformed them into wondrous arenas. Of these ornaments, Buddhist paintings served as the most effective visual medium for educating the common people. As an example, a painting of the Ten Kings of the Underworld (siwangdo) could be hung as a means to illustrate the Buddhist view of the afterlife, embedded in images not only inside a Buddhist temple hall, but in any space where a Buddhist ritual was being held. Demand for Buddhist paintings rose considerably with their use in ritual spaces. Nectar ritual paintings (gamnodo), including scenes of appeasement rites for the souls of the deceased, emphasized depictions of royal family members and their royal relatives. In Chinese paintings of the water and land ceremony (suryukjae), these figures referred to one of several sacred groups who invited deities to a ritual. However, in Korean paintings of a nectar ritual, the iconography symbolized the patronage of the royal court and underlined the historicity and tradition of nationally conducted water and land ceremonies. This royal patronage implied the social and governmental sanction of Buddhist rituals. By including depictions of royal family members and their royal relatives, Joseon Buddhist paintings highlighted this approval. The Joseon ruling class outwardly feared that Buddhist rituals might undermine observance of Confucian proprieties and lead to a corruption of public morals, since monks and laymen, men and women, and people of all ranks mingled within the ritual spaces. The concern of the ruling class was also closely related to the nature of festivals, which involved deviation from the routines of daily life and violation of taboos. Since visual media such as paintings were considered to hold a special power, some members of the ruling class attempted to exploit this power, while others were apprehensive of the risks they entailed. According to Joseon wangjo sillok (The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty), the Joseon royal court burned Buddhist paintings and ordered the arrest of those who created them, while emphasizing their dangers. It further announced that so many citizens were gathering in Buddhist ritual spaces that the capital city was being left vacant. However, this record also paradoxically suggests that Buddhist rituals were widely considered festivals that people should participate in. Buddhist rituals could not be easily suppressed since they performed important religious functions reflecting the phases of the human life cycle, and had no available Confucian replacements. Their festive nature, unifying communities, expanded significantly at the time. The nectar ritual paintings of the late Joseon period realistically delineated nectar rituals and depicted the troops of traveling actors and performers that began to emerge during the seventeenth century. Such Buddhist rituals for consoling souls who encountered an unfortunate death were held annually and evolved into festivals during which the Joseon people relieved their everyday fatigue and refreshed themselves. The process of adopting Buddhist rituals-regarded as "dangerous festivals" due to political suppression of Buddhism in the Confucian nation-as seasonal customs and communal feasts is well reflected in the changes made in Buddhist paintings.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1398-1406
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of web-based nutrition counseling on nutrient intake and blood glucose in type ll diabetic Patients. Forty type II diabetic patients, twenty one of them were diabetic patients without complication (Ncx-DM) and nineteen of them were diabetic patients with complication (Cx-DM), participated in a web-based nutrition counseling program. At the first nutrition counseling, the patients were counselled through interview and then follow up nutrition counseling was accomplished four times during eight weeks through tile web-based internet program. Various markers of disease risk including anthropometric indices, nutrient intake and blood glucose were measured before and after the nutrition counseling. After the nutrition counseling, body mass index and waist circumference decreased in both group but did not change significantly. Fasting blood glucose significantly decreased from 153.9 mg/dL to 139.0 mg/dL (p<0.05) in NCX-DM and from 178.2 mg/dL to 128.5 mg/dL (p<0.01) in Cx-DM after the nutrition counseling. Glycosylated hemoglobin level decreased from $9.3\%$ to $8,7\%$ in Ncx-DM and significantly decreased from $9.7\%$ to $7.8\%$ (p<0.01) in Cx-DM after the nutrition counseling. In addition, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol level significantly decreased in both group (P<0,05) after the nutrition counseling. Energy intake decreased significantly in Ncx-DM (P<0.05) and Cx-DM (p<0.01). Although the nutrient intake did not change significantly, the nutrient intake was improved after the nutrition counseling. Therefore, this study shows that the web-based nutrition counseling is effective in improving energy and nutrient intake and influences positively in blood glucose and serum lipids of the patients. In addition, these results indicate that the internet presents us with potential as a new medium for nutrition counseling in informationized society.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2000

The composition of leachates varies depending on the waste characteristics, landfill age and landfilling method. Generally, leachates contain high dissolved organic substance and ammonia nitrogen whereas phosphorus concentration was very low. Leachate A produced from young landfill is characterized by high BOD5/COD ratio (0.8) whereas leachate C produced from old landfill has lower BOD5/COD ratio (0.1). Maximum biochemical methane potential of leachate A, B (from medium landfill) and C were 271,106 and 4 ml CH4/g-COD, respectively. On the other hand, the maximum biodegradability of leachate A, B, and C were 75,30, and 1%, respectively. These results indicated that anaerobic treatment of leachate from young landfill was effective in removing organic pollutants. In case of leachate C, carbon might reside in the form of large molecular weight organic compounds such as lignins, humic acids and other polymerized compounds of soils, which are resistant to biodegradation. The lag-phase period increased with the increasing organic concentration in leachate. In case of leachate A of concentration greater than 25%, the lag-phase period increased sharply. This implied that the start-up period of anaerobic process using an unacclimated inoculum could be extended due to the higher concentration of leachate. This relatively long lag-phase is probably related to the fact that most of the inhibitory compounds have been diluted beyond their inhibitory concentrations of less than 50%. Furthermore, the ultimate methane yield and methane production rate decreased as leachate concentration increased. It was anticipated the potential inhibition was related with the steady-state inhibition as well as the initial shock load.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2011

This study was carried out to determine the forage yield, quality, and regrowth of Italian ryegrass (IRG) and barley sown on 2 March 2009 in Suwon. The five treatments were two IRG cultivars (Kowinearly with early maturity and Kowinmaster with medium maturity), one barley cultivar (Yuyeon), and two mixtures (Kowinearly + Yuyeon and Kowinmaster + Yuyeon). The first harvest date was 26 May, which was at late heading, heading and early dough stage of Kowinearly, Kowinmaster and barley, respectively. Regrowth yield was investigated on 29 June. The heading dates of Kowinearly and Kowinmaster were 16 May and 22 May, respectively, and that of barley was 13 May. The dry matter (DM) percentage were 13.0~18.4% at first harvest, and 22.5~24.8% at regrowth in all treatments. The forage yield of barley and Kowinmaster + Yuyeon mixture at first harvest was higher than that of IRG (p<0.05), but higher regrowth yield was observed in IRG, and then IRG + barley mixtures (p<0.05). The crude protein (CP) content and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) of IRG at first harvest were 16.7~17.1% and 78.3~80.4%, respectively, which were higher than those of barley (CP 12.2% and IVDMD 72.6%) and IRG + barley mixtures. The total yields of DM, CP and digestible DM were high in Kowinmaster + Yuyeon mixture as 11,628 kg, 1,669 kg and 8,457 kg per ha, respectively. In conclusion, spring seeding of IRG + barley mixtures and/or barley were recommended when early harvest. Regrowth of IRG sown in early spring was vigorous. Mixture cultivation of IRG and barley was effective, because of forage yield and stable production, and harvest at June instead of May was desirable for forage productivity of spring sown IRG and barley.