• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.42-52
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• 1995

An UBET(Upper Bound Elemental Techniquel) program has been developed to analyze forging load, die-cavity filling and effective strain distribution for flashless non-axisymmetric forging. To analyze the process easily, it is suggested that the deforma- tion is divided into two different parts. Those are axisymmetric part in corner and plane- strain part in lateral. The total power consumption is minimized through combination of two deformation parts by building block method, form which the upper-bound forging load, the flow pattern, the grid pattern, the velocity distribution and the effective strain are deter- mined. To show the merit of flashless forging, the results of flashless and flash-forging processes are compared through theory and experiment. Experiments have been carried out with plasticine billets at room temperature. The theoretical predictions of the forging load and the flow pattern are in good agrement with the experimental results.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.50-54
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• 2024

In this paper, the process of extruding Cu-10Fe alloy using a finite element analysis (FEA) was theoretically analyzed. To achieve this, the dependence of strain rate and temperature of the alloy required for the extrusion process was secured by utilizing databases for Cu and Fe and the KHL model. For microstructure analysis, FE-SEM with EDS was used to distinguish the phases present in Cu-10Fe alloy. The mechanical characteristics of Cu-10Fe alloy were secured using the results of fitting the mechanical properties of Copper and Steel from the Deform database to the KHL model. The deformation behavior within the alloy during hot extrusion was analyzed, providing insights into effective stress, effective strain, effective strain rate, and temperature. It was observed that the strain distribution was non-uniform. These research findings contribute to an improved understanding of the hot extrusion process of Cu-10Fe alloy and can aid in predicting the mechanical properties of the material.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.13-24
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• 2011

The renowned Terzaghi's one-dimensional consolidation theory is not applicable to quantification of time-rate settlement for highly deformable soft clays such as dredged soil deposits. To deal with this special condition, a non-linear finite strain consolidation theory should be adopted to predict the settlement of dredged soil deposits including self-weight and surcharge-induced consolidation. It is of importance to determine the zero effective stress void ratio ($e_{00}$), which is the void ratio at effective stress equal to zero, and the relationships of void ratio-effective stress and of void ratio-hydraulic conductivity for characterizing non-linear finite strain consolidation behavior for deformable dredged soil deposits. The zero effective stress void ratio means a transitional status from sedimentation to self-weight consolidation of dredged soils. In this paper, laboratory procedures and equipments are introduced to measure such key parameters in the non-linear finite strain consolidation analysis. In addition, the non-linear finite strain consolidation parameters of the Incheon clay and kaolinite are evaluated with the aid of the proposed methods in this paper, which will be used as input parameters for the non-linear finite strain consolidation analyses being performed in the companion paper.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.154-157
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• 2008

It is important to know the variations of the mechanical properties in the hydroforming process for the safe and durable design purposes. In this study, strain hardening behavior during hydroforming has been investigated by hydroforming of engine cradle as a model process. The variation of mechanical properties such as local hardness and flow stress were used as an index of strain hardening during respective processes. By using the inter-relationships between hardness-flow stress-effective strain at variable pre-strains, the strain hardening behavior during hydroforming has been successfully analyzed. The comparison of predicted hardness with measured hardness confirmed that the methodology used in this study was feasible and the strain hardening behavior can be quantitatively estimated.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 1957

Resume 1. The toxic effect of $CuSO_4$ on the growth of yeast began in the 0.2mM and colony formation was completely inhibited in the 3mM $CuSO_4$ media. 2. The yeast strain which was trained sucessively from lower concentration media to higher one, could grow even in 10mM $CuSO_4$ media. 3. Rlb strain produced brown pigment in copper media. 4. Resistance of Rlb strain to $CuSO_4$ did not revert in non copper media. 5. The appearance of resistant strain was regarded as the result of "Mutation and Selection". 6. The alcohol fermentation ability of Rlb strain was lower than that of parent strain. 7. Rlb strain yielded some effective substance which induced the parent strain to resist against $CuSO_4$. 8. The dehydrogenase activity of yeast was inhibited by $CuSO_4$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.1685-1696
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• 2001

A novel indentation theory is proposed by examining the data from the incremental plasticity theory based finite element analyses. First the optimal data acquisition location is selected, where the strain gradient is the least and the effect of friction is negligible. This data acquisition point increases the strain range by a factor of five. Numerical regressions of obtained data exhibit that strain hardening exponent and yield strain are the two main parameters which govern the subindenter deformation characteristics. The new indentation theory successfully provides the stress-strain curve with an average error less than 5%.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.185-192
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• 2000

A novel indentation theory is proposed by examining the data from the incremental plasticity theory based finite element analyses. First the optimal data acquisition location is selected, where the strain gradient is the least and the effect of friction is negligible. This data acquisition point increases the strain range by a factor of five. Numerical regressions of obtained data exhibit that strain hardening exponent and yield strain are the two main parameters which govern the subindenter deformation characteristics. The new indentation theory successfully provides the stress-strain curve with an average error less than 3%.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.31-42
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• 1985

The metal flow and the strain distribution is investigated for the steady state and non-steady state bulk deformation processes by using an improved visioplasticity method which includes the effective smoothing scheme. The comparison of various smoothing schemes leads to the selection of the five- point least square smoothing method which is employed to reduce the measurement errors. As a steady state forming process experiments are carried out for axisy- mmetric forward extrusion through conical and curved dies of various area reduc- tions using Aluminum and steel billets. Axisymmetric backward extrusion is chosen for a nonsteady state forming process. In axisymmetric forward extrusion the results from visioplasticity show that the curved die of a fourth-order polynomial renders more uniform distribution of strain rates and strains. Higher reduction leads to greater strain rates at the outer side of the billet. The visioplastic observation for axisymmetric backward extrusion as a non-steady state deformation process shows the concentration of higher strain at the inner wall of the extruded product. The visioplastic results in forward extrusion are in agreement with the computed results by the finite element method. It is thus shown that the visio- plasticity combined with a smoothing technique is an effective method to determine the pattern and the distribution of strain rates and strains.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.701-709
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• 2005

An efficient method of selecting an antagonistic strain for use as a biological control agent strain was developed. In this improved method, the surface tension reduction potential of an isolate was included in the 'decision factor,' in addition to two other factors; the growth rate and pathogen inhibition. By using a statistically designed method, an isolate from the soil was selected and identified as Bacillus sp. GB 16. In the pot test, this strain showed the best performance among the isolated strains. The lowest disease incidence rate and fastest seed growth were observed when the Bacillus sp. GB 16 was used. The action of the surface tension reducing component was assumed to enhance the wetting, spreading, and residing of the antagonistic strain in the rhizosphere. This result showed that the improved selection method was quite effective in selecting the best antagonistic strain for the biological control of soilborne infectious plant pathogens.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a social support program on family caregivers' role strain in elderly long-term home care. Methods: The research adopted a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The number of participants was 25 in the experimental group and 25 in the control group sampled among family caregivers in elderly long-term home care. The experimental group participated in a 10-session social support program, which consisted of physical, emotional, informational, and material support. The effect of the program was evaluated by measuring family caregivers' role strain. Results: The experimental group showed a significant decrease in family caregivers' role strain in elderly long-term home care. Conclusion: The result suggests that the social support program was effective in decreasing family caregivers' role strain in elderly long-term home care. There is a need to develop more effective and systematicsocial support programsfor family caregivers of elderly long-term home care.