• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.56 no.5
• /
• pp.727-743
• /
• 2015

According to former studies, the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete filled tubular steel (RCFT) columns differed greatly from that of concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) columns because of interaction of inserted reinforcement in RCFT. Employing an experiment-based verification policy, a general FE nonlinear analysis model was developed to analyze the mechanical behavior and failure mechanism of RCFT columns under uniaxial compression. The reasonable stress-strain relationships were suggested for confined concrete, reinforcements and steel tube in the model. The mechanism for shear failure of concrete core was found out in the numerical simulation, and a none-conventional method and equation for evaluating the confinement effect of RCFT were proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.315-333
• /
• 2010

The structural behaviors of circular concrete filled steel tube (CFT) structures are investigated by nonlinear finite element method. An efficient three-dimensional (3D) degenerated beam element is adopted. Based on those previous studies, a modified stress-strain relationship for confined concrete which introduces the influence of eccentricity on confining stress is presented. Updated Lagrange formulation is used to consider the geometrical nonlinearity induced by large deformation effect. The nonlinear behaviors of CFT structures are investigated, and the accuracy of the proposed constitutive model for confined concrete is mainly concerned. The results demonstrate that the confining effect in CFT elements subjected to combining action of axial force and bending moment is far sophisticated than that in axial loaded columns, and an appropriate evaluation about this effect may be important for nonlinear numerical simulation of CFT structures.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.843-860
• /
• 2015

Recycled tire rubber-filled concrete (RRFC) is employed into the steel-concrete composite structures due to its good ductility and crack resistance. Push-out tests were conducted to investigate the static behavior of steel and rubber-filled concrete composite beam with different rubber mixed concrete and studs. The results of the experimental investigations show that large studs lead a higher ultimate strength but worse ductility in normal concrete. Rubber particles in RRFC were shown to have little effect on shear strength when the compressive strength was equal to that of normal concrete, but can have a better ductility for studs in rubber-filled concrete. This improvement is more obvious for the composite beam with large stud to make good use of the high strength. Besides that the uplift of concrete slabs can be increased and the quantity and width of cracks can be reduced by RRFC efficiently. Based on the test result, a modified empirical equation of ultimate slip was proposed to take not only the compressive strength, but also the ductility of the concrete into consideration.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2008

The CFT (Concrete Filled Steel Tube) columns became popular in high rise building construction due to not only its composite effect but also economic advantage. However, it has been pointed out in various previous researches that the current practice in CFT columns may lead the steel tube to probable local buckling at critical sections of the columns right after yielding. To resolve such a problem, the TR-CFT (Transversely Reinforced Concrete Filled Steel Tube) column is proposed to control or at least delay the local buckling state at the critical section by wrapping the CFT columns with carbon fiber sheet. The validity of the proposed column system is validated through the present paper by observing the experimental performance and comparing it with the analytical prediction of the TR-CFT columns with hish strength concrete. It is also shown that the current design code provisions such as ACI-318, in which the contribution of concrete confining effect filled in steel tube is not appropriately accounted for, may contain too much conservatism.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.133-153
• /
• 2013

The concrete-filled steel tube (CFT) columns have several benefits of high load-bearing capacity, inherent ductility and toughness because of the confinement effect of the steel tube on concrete and the restraining effect of the concrete on local buckling of steel tube. However, the experimental research into the behavior of square CFT columns consisting of high-strength steel and high-strength concrete is limited. Six full scale CFT specimens were tested under flexural moment. The CFT columns consisted of high-strength steel tubes ($f_y$ = 325 MPa, 555 MPa, 900 MPa) and high-strength concrete ($f_{ck}$ = 80 MPa and 120 MPa). The ultimate capacity of high strength square CFT columns was compared with AISC-LRFD design code. Also, this study was focused on investigating the effect of high-strength materials on the structural behavior and the mathematical models of the steel tube and concrete. Nonlinear fiber element analyses were conducted based on the material model considering the cyclic bending behavior of high-strength CFT members. The results obtained from the numerical analyses were compared with the experimental results. It was found that the numerical analysis results agree well with the experimental results.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.469-488
• /
• 2011

This paper consists of two parts; the first part describes the laboratory work concerning the behavior of lightweight aggregate concrete filled steel tubes (LACFT). Based on eccentricity tests, fifty-four specimens with different slenderness ratios (L/D= 3, 7, and 14) were tested. The main parameters varied in the test are: load eccentricity; steel ratio; and slenderness ratio. The standard load-strain curves of LACFT columns under eccentric loading were summarized and significant parameters affecting LACFT column's bearing capacity, failure mechanism and failure mode such as confinement effect and bond strength were all studied and analyzed through the comparison with predicted strength of concrete filled steel tube columns (CFT) using the existing codes such as AISC-LRFD (1999), CHN DBJ 13-51-2003 (2003) and CHN CECS 28:90 (1990). The second part of this paper presents the results of parametric study and introduces a practical and accurate method for determination of the maximum compressive strength of confined concrete core ($f_{max}$), In addition to, the study of the effect of aspect-ratio and length-width ratio on the yield stress of steel tubes ( $f_{sy}$) under biaxial state of stress in CFT columns and the effect of these two factors on the ultimate load carrying capacity of axially loaded CFT/LACFT columns.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.461-470
• /
• 2009

A column resisting axial load and seismic load is one of the main members in a structural system. The heated column by event of a fire can lose its strength and it may damage its structural system or cause the collapse of the entire structural system. In this study, the fire resistance capacity of internally confined hollow concrete filled tube (ICH CFT) column was investigated. In an ICH CFT column, the yield strength of the external tube is important as a concrete filled tube (CFT) column because the external tube confines the filled concrete and the strength of the column depends on the confined effect. A study was performed by finite element analyses considering the confined effect and material nonlinearity as the temperature changes by the fire. The hollow ratio, the thickness of the external tube, and the strength of concrete were selected as the parameters for the analyses. The analyses were performed by using a commercial FEA program (ABAQUS) and nonlinear concrete model program. The analysis results showed that the hollow ratio and the strength of concrete mainly affect the fire resisting capacity of an ICH CFT column.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.639-655
• /
• 2014

The mechanical characteristic of reinforced concrete filled steel tubular (RCFT) structures are differed from that of concrete filled tubular steel (CFT) structures because the reinforcement in RCFT largely affects the performance of core concrete such as ductility, strength and toughness, and hence the performance of RCFT should be evaluated differently from CFT. To examine the effect axial reinforcement on bending performance, an investigation on RCFT beams with varying levels of axial reinforcement is performed by the means of numerical parametric study. According to the numerical simulation results with 13 different ratios of axial reinforcement, it is concluded that the reinforcement has obvious effect on bending capacity, and the neutral axis of RCFT is different from CFT, and an evaluation equation in which the effect of axial reinforcement is considered for ultimate bending strength of RCFT is proposed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.243-253
• /
• 2018

In recent years, concrete-filled box or tubular columns have been commonly used in high-rise buildings. However, a number of fire test results show that there are significant differences between high strength concrete (HSC) and normal strength concrete (NSC) after being subjected to high temperatures. Therefore, this paper presents an investigation on the fire resistance of HSC filled steel tubular columns (CFTCs) under combined temperature and loading. Two groups of full-size specimens were fabricated to consider the effect of type of concrete infilling (plain and reinforced) and the load level on the fire resistance of CFTCs. Prior to fire test, a constant compressive load (i.e., load level for fire design) was applied to the column specimens. Thermal load was then applied on the column specimens in form of ISO 834 standard fire curve in a large-scale laboratory furnace until the set experiment termination condition was reached. The results demonstrate that the higher the axial load level, the worse the fire resistance. Moreover, in the bar-reinforced concrete-filled steel tubular columns, the presence of rebars not only decreased the spread of cracks and the sudden loss of strength, but also contributed to the load-carrying capacity of the concrete core.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.517-533
• /
• 2014

Experimental results of 39 specimens including concrete columns, RC columns, hollow steel tube columns, concrete filled steel tubular (CFT) columns, and reinforced concrete filled steel tubular (RCFT) columns are presented. Based on the experimental results, the load-carrying capacity, confined effect, ductility, and failure mode of test columns are investigated. The effects of the main factors such as width-thickness ratio (the ratio of external diameter and wall thickness for steel tubes), concrete strength, steel tube with or without rib, and arrangement of reinforcing bars on the mechanical characteristics of columns are discussed as well. The differences between CFT and RCFT are compared. As a result, it is thought that strength, rigidity and ductility of RCFT are improved; especially strength and ductility are improved after the peak of load-displacement curve.