• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.103-122
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• 2003

Recently, many graduate schools related to Cosmetic & Beauty have established, and it is very advisable. However, the following the curriculum or the teaching staff has to be made up well for making a substantial graduate school, and it will contribute largely toward to Cosmetic & Beauty industry. If it is used like a tool for only increasing the quorum of student, it is not a help to Cosmetic & Beauty industry even though many Cosmetic & Beauty courses in the graduate schools are established. The government and the industrial circles have to give thought and support to develop a university. Then special workers who train in this part will be a help to grow Cosmetic & Beauty industry. Hereafter, Cosmetic & Beauty industry is a big field of industry after medical supplies in the fine chemistry industry when we take the scale of industry and the national competitiveness into consideration. And Cosmetic & Beauty industry is a competitive field of industry with a small investment contrary to medical supplies. However, there are few educational institutions for special workers through the college of pharmacy in Cosmetic & Beauty contrary to medical supplies. Also, there is no position for managing the growth of Cosmetic & Beauty industry in the government agencies. At this point of time, it is very desirable situation that the graduate school related to Cosmetic & Beauty is established lately, and we hope that it is an opportunity for the growth of Cosmetic & Beauty industry through the interests of the university, the government, the industrial circles, and so on.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.49-66
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• 2009

Purpose : This study was aimed at examining the relationships of university students' self-efficacy to creative disposition and creative thinking ability. Method : A descriptive study was conducted with a sample of 320 students enrolled 4-year-undergraduate academic programs major in nursing as well as elderly care management in one University located in Pusan, Korea. This study used: (a) 24 items of Self-Efficacy Scale originally developed by Kim & Cha(1996), and (b) 39 items of creative thinking ability and 16 items of creative attitudes in a Self-Report Form of Integrative Creativity Scale developed by Bak & Kang(2006). The data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression methods. Result : University students' self-efficacy has significantly positive impact on creative thinking ability(p<.001) with 26.4% of the variance and creative disposition(p<.001) with 48.9%. Creative thinking ability as well as the disposition related to creativity that university students possessed were significantly influenced by efficacy on self-control and efficacy on taking difficult tasks. Conclusion : This result supports Social Cognitive Theory and Investment Theory of Creativity in terms that self-efficacy is the factor affecting fostering creative ability and demonstration of creativity potential to the real. This also implies that healthcare educational programs reinforcing students' self-efficacy would contribute to breed them to healthcare professionals with creative competency.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.185-197
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• 2017

With the advent of industrial society, the phenomenon of nuclear families has brought many changes in the family environment. Of changes, a decrease in the number of new-born babies led to one-child families, which then led to an increase in interest in children. Interest in children gave birth to a consumptive trend called "kids marketing," and phenomena of generous investment and consumption for children appear to continue to the future. In reality, too, the consumer market of children's apparel and learning materials for children has sharply increased over the past few years, and products related to children have become the center of family consumptions. Therefore, at this point when children are the center of consumptive life in the family and the relationship between products and users is becoming an increasingly more important variable, the conductive research focusing on children is necessary. These important factors embraced wide areas of activities in research on children, from children's physical changes, children's preference, such as color and material, to children's consumptive environment, as they can provide a foundation for furniture design suitable for children.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.29-35
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• 2021

This study discusses the effect of human capital and technology on economic growth in Indonesia using annual time series data over the 35-year research period (1984-2019). This study uses an autoregressive distribution gap to the cointegration approach to understanding the relationship between human capital, technology, and economic growth. Human capital is inherent in humans and becomes capital in providing the best performance that has an impact on their own income. We use the human capital framework in this study where education is one mechanism to increase human capital. Based on the results of our estimation, we find that the increase in human capital using the education mechanism affects economic growth. This shows the role of human capital investment is very important in economic growth. Technology shows a significant positive effect on economic growth. Increasing human resources and technology are important factors in efforts to increase economic growth in Indonesia. Educational development is the key to the success of increasing human capital and technological development because education plays a role in improving the quality of human resources. Increasing human resources here is in the form of increased knowledge, mastery of technology, innovation, and the ability to develop technology to encourage technology development.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.241-248
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• 2022

This study examines changes in income for Vietnam's service labors during COVID-19. A person's income depends on several factors, such as educational level, working area, the number of activities creating jobs, the cost of living, investment, etc. This research was based on a survey of 479 workers in Vietnam's service sector, who were evenly distributed across sectors (tourism and aviation) and workplaces (State and private). Based on the collected data, the REM regression model was used to analyze the factors influencing employee income when COVID-19 took place. The research returns show that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a considerable influence on labor incomes, and there are income disparities that exist between workers by work area and by gender. This study indicates that workers' wages in Vietnam decreased by an average of 12.22 million VND per month after the outbreak of COVID-19. In addition, the results also show that the income of workers after COVID-19 differs depending on their position (the average salary of laborers working in the public sector is about 3.946 million VND higher than the average salary of laborers in the private sector); furthermore, the incomes of workers also vary by gender.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.157-167
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• 2023

The purpose of this research was to determine the degree to which Small-to-Medium Enterprise (SME) owners and operators in Mountain Province were willing to take on financial risk to invest in the capital markets as a potential additional source of income, as well as the extent to which these five indicator variables-particularly their income, expenses, financial goals, liquid cash, and insurance coverage-were influenced by demographic factors. The study used a quantitative approach and employed a descriptive survey research method. The results show that the SME Owners and Operators in Mountain Province have minimal knowledge of capital market investments which makes them moderate investors with a neutral level of financial risk tolerance toward capital market investment. Their marital status, net income, and educational attainment significantly influence their financial risk tolerance level. The respondents also believe that engaging in the capital markets will grow their businesses. Further, the extent of influence of Income, Expenses, Liquid Cash, and Insurance Cover on the financial risk tolerance of the SME owners and operators in Mountain Province a great extent; thus, making them careful in investing in the capital markets, and it is primarily affected by their Net Income. Consequently, the financial goals of SME owners and operators in Mountain Province have a vital role in their financial risk tolerance level.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 2020

This study was performed to identify the education and training characteristics and the educational performance of the incumbent. For the enterprise in the rapidly changing market environment, the human resources is an important factor to secure the market competitiveness, and the enterprise promotes the development of competence and the corporate performance through the education and training. However, in spite of such effort, the continuously increasing turnover rate and the low utilization rate of educational contents make the enterprises to hesitate the investment in the education and training. Although, the researchers are conducting lots of researches on the characteristics and the performance of the education and training, the research focusing on the characteristics and the field utilization of the education and training is not sufficient due to such reasons, Therefore, this study intended to draw the factors of education and training characteristics through existing researches and find out what impact they have actually on the utilization in business by the incumbents through the organizational commitment. In the results of this study, it was shown that the self-efficacy do not have impact on the organizational commitment, the appropriateness of instructor ability has positive (+) impact on the continuous commitment and the emotional commitment, and the work correlation has negative impact on the continuous commitment and the emotional commitment. These results seems to mean that the importance of the instructor ability and the educational program should be increased and it is intended to provide the basic data for the education-related personnel and the related enterprises.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.141-166
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the status of youth overeducation and to analyze the impact on the wage system, before and after the financial crisis. In this study, we adapt the following method; first, we investigate the year 1996 (before financial crisis) and year 2000 (after financial crisis) data from "the Survey Report on the Wage structure", based on the data from "the Occupational Dictionary" by occupation group. So we could evaluate the difference between the youth over-educational status, before and after financial crisis. Second, we analyze the reason why the difference occurs, with financial crisis dummy variable and other variables such as sex, occupation, industry. Third, we try to find the difference between the impact of the overeducation on the wage rate, before and after financial crisis. The main findings are as follows; first, the degree of overeducation in year 2000 is more than in year 1996. So the financial crisis plays the important role in deepening the degree of overeducation. Second, the wage rate of the overeducated worker is higher than that of the required-educated worker. Also, the both wage rates are increased after financial crisis. However, the difference of both wage rates' has declined over the financial crisis. Such a finding means that even though the both wage rates of the overeducated and the required-educated worker are increased, the wage rate of the required-educated worker has increased much more than that of overeducated worker, after the financial crisis.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.211-230
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of secondary school SMART education. In order to achieve this, the paper separated the high school which implements the smart education for the high school and the high school which did not apply the smart education concept, then figuring out the answer about what school is more effective, the influence of the smart education concept on the students' emotions and academic achievement. This paper analyzed the effectiveness of SMART Education between Hansol high school in SeJong city and Jungang high school in Gwachen city by using 'schoolinfo (www.schoolinfor.go.kr) SMART education.' This study first presented the SMART Education's concept and characteristics through reviewing some literature, and then categorized the characteristics by using the items included academic achievement and emotional effect. These items consist of the 'students academic scores' for the academic achievement, 'the number of students dropped out' and 'the damage rate of school violence' for the emotional items. The conclusion of this study is that Hansol high school indicates lower school violence rate than Gwachen high schools with the two school's violence rate decreasing. Moreover, students' score of Hansol high school is higher than high schools in Gwachen city. The SMART education school budget structure is 'Common type', which requires a lot of investment to 'Basic education activities', 'educational activities support', 'School general operating expenses' among education budget items.

• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.7
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• pp.105-127
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• 2005

This research is on the characteristics and roles of important cities of Germany based on the history of the modern art museum and its possessions. Especially, it is focusing on the modern art museums in the western Germany including Dusseldorf, Koln, and Frankfrut that have shown economic recovery from the Miracle of Rhine; the capital city of Germany, Berlin, as well as Munich, the second capital city of Germany. Here, it harmonizes with the tradition of the past and simultaneously, it spreads the concept and role of the new museum as a forerunner. After the WWII, this is the most active of supporting investment for art museums and authors from the economic development. Also, it represents Germany with its national promotion of culture and arts. The modern art museums of Germany emphasize the mission that they exist for the people and the nation as well as creation of new art culture. These art museums working for national culture and art development do not simply collect and preserve arts. They induce active involvement from the public and keep in mind of national objectives. Here, art museums become and educational setting for the people and a room for new art culture. This research is on Germany modern art museum and it is composed of important 'public institutions' of Germany that critically influence the growth of world-renown authors. After the unification of Germany, Munchen and the western region became an important places centering around new Berlin modern art museum. They are the best places that show the national objectives and regional characteristics. Also, there are art museum educational curriculum and open space for the people by explaining exhibition plans and contents. Furthermore, there are two characteristics of German modern art museums that are noteworthy. Firstly, there are Berlin's Neue Nationalgalerie, Munchen's Pinakothek de Moderne, and Dusseldorf's 'K20' (Kunstsammlung N-Westfalen K20) that are the roots of modern art. These modern art museums exhibit popular author's collection repeatedly. This has a tendency to standardize audiences' view or to make audiences bored. It is becoming more like a trend for art work to appear and disappear. Despite these problems, German modern art museums play a critical role for a new cultural art creation and for the national identity by attempting to show the works of domestic authors as well as an intensive collection of world-renown authors' works. Secondly, there is a role as a new art museum to work together with people. It strives to continuously educate difficult modem arts, exhibits in an open space stimulating interest, participation, and conversations. From these roles, Hamburger Bahnhof Museum fur Gegenwart or Dusseldorf's 'K21, Frankfurt Museum $f\"{u}r$ Moderne Kunst, $Kf\"{o}ln$ Museum Ludwig are given new attention. Here, they emphasize the importance of communicating with the audiences and provides experiences that are different from the original spaces by showing the architecture tecture style of the art museum. In conclusion, German modern art museums attempt various changes by connecting to art education. With art museum activities, there forms a connection between arts and the lives of people, and from this, creative cultural art focused on the art museum borns. This is not only limited to Germany, the U.S., etc. We, too, should pay attention to new art culture creation from changes of role and function of modern art museums.