• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.1324-1335
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• 2016

This article explores the speed regulation problem of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) systems subjected to unknown time-varying disturbances. A continuous sliding mode control (CSMC) technique is introduced for the speed loop to enhance the robustness of PMSM systems and eliminate the chattering phenomenon caused by high-frequency switch function in the conventional control law. However, the high control gain of the CSMC law in the presence of strong disturbances leads to large steady-state speed fluctuations for PMSM systems. In many application fields, PMSM systems are affected by time-varying disturbances instead of constant disturbances. For example, electric bicycles are usually affected by changing environmental disturbances, including wind speeds, road conditions, etc. These disturbances may be in the form of constant, ramp, and parabolic disturbances. Hence, a generalized proportional integral (GPI) observer is employed to estimate these types of disturbances. Then, the disturbance estimation method and the aforementioned CSMC method are combined to establish a composite sliding mode control method called the CSMC+GPI method for the speed loop of PMSM systems. Contrary to the conventional sliding mode control technique, the proposed method completely eliminates the chattering phenomenon caused by the switching function in the conventional control law. Moreover, a small control gain for the CSMC+GPI method is chosen by feed-forwarding estimated values to the speed controller. Hence, the steady-state speed fluctuations are small. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by simulation and experimental result.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2006

20 세기말 10년 동안의 경제 침체는 고용과 교육 시스템을 포함한 사회 구조에 여러 가지 극심한 격렬한 변화를 초래하였다. 일본의 대학은 연구 활동에 노력을 기울였지만, 교수들은 공학 교육에 필요한 교수법의 개발에는 별로 노력하지 않았다. 그러나 18세 인구가 감소하면서 대학의 태도 변화가 요구되었다. 대학 교육은 더 이상 엘리트만을 위한 것이 아니라 젊은이들 사이에 아주 대중화되고 있다. 또한 WTO와 APEC과 같은 조직의 설립에 따른 산업사회의 '세계화(globalization)'의 영향을 받았다. 일본공학교육인증원(JABEE)은 1999년에 국내외 문제에 대처하기 위해 설립되었으며, 2005년에 워싱턴협약(Washington Accord)의 정회원이 되었다. 일본 기술사법(Professional Engineer Law)도 JABEE와 연계되어 개정되었으며, 사회 구조의 변화와 함께 공학 윤리의 중요성이 인식되었다. 일본공학교육협회(JSEE)는 JABEE를 지원하는 활동을 통해서 일본 공학 교육의 개혁에 공헌하고 있다. 이 논문은 현재 일본 공학교육이 직면하고 있는 문제점들과 일본의 공학 교육을 재편하기 위한 JSEE의 역할을 기술한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.323-339
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• 2011

지수법칙에서 지수의 확장은 정수의 계산규칙과 마찬가지로 대수적 형식 불역의 원리에 의한 확장적 구성을 학생들에게 경험하게 할 수 있는 좋은 소재가 될 수 있다. 현행 교과서에서는 지수가 자연수에서 정수, 유리수, 실수 범위까지 확장할 수 있다고 기술하면서 학생들에게 지수가 실수로 확장해도 지수법칙이 성립함을 직관적으로 받아들이도록 하고 있다. 그러나, 지수법칙의 확장에서 유리수 지수나 무리수 지수의 값에 대한 자세한 설명이 없이 지나감으로 인하여 학생들은 이러한 값이 유리수인지 무리수인지 많은 의문을 가지고 있다. 이와 관련된 학생들의 질문에 대하여 대부분의 교사들은 자세한 답변 대신 현행 교과과정 밖의 내용이므로 대학가서 배운다라는 답변으로 그 질문에 대한 답올 대신하곤 한다. 따라서, 본 논문은 지수법칙의 확장에 대한 학생들의 궁금증의 원인을 찾기 위하여 지수법칙의 확장 단원에 대한 현행 고등학교 수학 I 교과서를 분석하여 지수법칙의 확장에 대한 학생들의 궁금증의 원인을 찾고, 지수법칙의 실수로의 확장에서 학생들이 자주 갖는 의문인 무리 지수를 갖는 수에 대한 예비교사들의 인식과 오류에 대하여 조사하여 예비교사 교육에 대한 시사점을 주고자 한다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.41-62
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• 1999

Recently the request of the patients to participate in the medical courses has been expanding due to elevated sense of right on the people's health. merchandised medical treatment by mass supply, human right declaration of the patients, generalized medical informations by the mass media and the change of human relation between the medical personnels and the patients. Under these phenomena the accident by the nurses have been increasing by the area of the nurses having been expanded and their independent roles having been increased. Such nursing accidents are the important subject which the professional occupation of the nurses has been facing but legal protective capability of the nurses has been very weak. Therefore this study has examined the degree of the experience of the nursing accident that happens in the clinical nursing scenes in the general hospital to provide the basic materials for the protection and the counter measures of the nursing accidents. The following is the conclusion based by the above examination. 1) The general characters of the subjects of this study is that they are mostly single in their twenties and graduate from nursing college. Their total clinical career is above 5 years$(44.8\%)$ and their current clinical parts' career is between 1-3 years$(40.1\%)$. So these facts suggest that most hospitals has taken the working rotation policy on nurses. 2) The level of nurses' knowledge on the nursing law is accurate partially but isn't it patially. So it is suggested that nurses need the accurate information and education about the nursing law. But the nurses' attitude is very approved of the establishment of a unilateral nursing law. 3) The relation between the demographic characters of the subjects and their attitudes on the nursing law shows that there is no significant differences except the relation between the attitude 6(the sufficient level of education on nursing law in formal education course) and age. total clinical career. 4) The perception of the nurses shows that the cause of the nursing accident has been due to the heavy work$(78.2\%)$. short of professional knowledge and skill$(60.2\%)$, discordance with Doctors. patients and patients' families. They report the accident to the head nurse first$(81.8\%)$ and within 30 minute$(75.1\%)$. The hour of nursing accident frequently happened is regardless of service hour with $49.4\%$ in response rate. the highest rate. and the nursing accident happens in the night more than the daytime. Even though most nurses think that they are themselves responsible for nursing accident. it is found that the chief cause of the nursing accident is due to the nurses' heavy work$(78.2\%)$. So the causes of nursing accidents is analysed. it may be suggested that the endeavor of hospital and nursing organizations to decrease nursing accidents is very important. 5) The coping patterns of patients with nursing accidents are mostly active attitude such as a violent words$(69\%)$. sue or accusation$(36.4\%)$, monetary compensation $(35.6\%)$ except a understanding cases$(38.7\%)$. But the coping patterns of hospitals with nursing accidents are mostly to investigate the accurate cause.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.149-165
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• 2002

Objective : We proposed fundmental rules of prospective on legal and institutional position and role of Korean medicine doctors working at public health center. Methods : By the result of this research on the current situation, the grade and allowance given to the Korean medicine doctors working at public health center were different every self-governing body. Results : The reason the Korean Medicine Doctor can't serve as a regular order of 5th grade is that the 'The Enforcement Regulation about Administrative Organization and the Standard of Pixed Number of person of Self-Governing Body(지방자치단체의 행정기구와 정원기준등에 관한 규정 시행규칙)' prescribes the number of regular order of 5th grade is regulated within 7% among the number of regular order officials. But not appointing to office as the regular order of 5th grade infringes on the Constitution, the highest law. The reason the Korean Medicine Doctors can't be appointed to office as the regular order officials by the self-governing body is that 'The Enforcement Order of the Law of Preservation of good health of Local Area(지역보건법시행령)' prescribes the Korean Medicine Doctors are not indispensable to Public Health Center. But in fact, the Korean Medicine Doctors can execute many kinds of work such as medical examination or instructing house nursing. Conclusion : The Korean Medicine Doctors working at Public Health Center serve at low positions as daily use or common use, not receiving a regular order. All laws including the Constitution(헌법), the Medical Services Law(의료법), the Law of Preservation of good health of Local Area(지역보건법), the National Public Service Law(국가공무원법), the Local Public Service Law(지방공무원법) and the Law of Higher Education Law(고등교육법) describe that the Korean Medicine Doctors and the Western Medicine Doctors are equal to their position and right.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.173-194
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• 2015

Site response analysis is an important topic in earthquake engineering. A time-domain numerical method called as one-dimensional (1D) finite element artificial boundary method is proposed to simulate the homogeneous plane elastic wave propagation in a layered half space subjected to the obliquely incident plane body wave. In this method, an exact artificial boundary condition combining the absorbing boundary condition with the inputting boundary condition is developed to model the wave absorption and input effects of the truncated half space under layer system. The spatially two-dimensional (2D) problem consisting of the layer system with the artificial boundary condition is transformed equivalently into a 1D one along the vertical direction according to Snell's law. The resulting 1D problem is solved by the finite element method with a new explicit time integration algorithm. The 1D finite element artificial boundary method is verified by analyzing two engineering sites in time domain and by comparing with the frequency-domain transfer matrix method with fast Fourier transform.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제78권
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• pp.73-91
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• 2018

When existing trade creates a product, a series of processes is terminated when a seller or a buyer subscribes for transportation insurance and is guided through customs procedures according to the terms of the sales contract and then receives payment for it. Training practical Trade kowhow is also educated focusing on the procedures of these contracts. A new paradigm of the fourth industrial revolution was launched in the development of information communication technology and computer technology. Also, due to the Xinhuo tradeism triggered by the United States, the risk of commodity trading is further increasing. Currently, trade practical education of university and industry is carried out for most lecture and discussion. Since 2014, the curriculumof the department of trade has been increasingly managed by the NCS process. The curriculumof the department of trade department has the advantage of being managed in consideration of the characteristics of the company that wishes to find employment and the level of work content. Standardized, the curriculumcan faithfully reflect the characteristics of the company and the level of the work content. In the new era, a new educational method that reflects the trend of the 4th industrial revolution era is necessary. In this research, we propose that service trade practical education should be educated mainly on contracts, not on procedural basis as with traditional commodity trade education.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.263-274
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to find out effect of problem solving by mental demand of items and chunking level of problem solver on the item. The principal findings of study were as follows ; 1) According to increase of mental demand of items. students' achievement score appeared to decrease and the more mental demand an item needed. the higher or at least the same hierarchical item was. These results showed that mental demand of item was main factor which decided difficulties of problem solving. 2) Though items have the same mental demand. students' achievement score were different between balance beam task and 2nd law task (achievement score of balance beam task < achievement score of 2nd law task). 3) Achievement score of LM group who used chunked knowledge to solve balance beam task were higher than non LM group who used non chunked knowledge. 4) The level of chunked knowledge was different between two tasks when non LM group solved items of two tasks. On the other hand, LM group used the same level of chunked knowledge to solve items of two tasks. 5) Achievement score of non LM group was the same between items of two tasks after treatment due to chunking effect by treatment. But achievement score of LM group didn't change before and after treatment. The chunking effect by treatment had an effect on non LM group, but it was not on LM group.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2000

The National Health Promotion Law passed in 1995 was a milestone for initiating a national health promotion program in Korea, and local governments and health related organizations are developing and providing health promotion programs for the public. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of a smoking prevention video for adolescents. There was no educational video on smoking prevention for school students in Korea. Based on funding from the National Health Promotion Fund, an educational video on smoking prevention has been developed and tested for the effectiveness. The primary subject of the video was middle school students. The result of the study has shown that there was a statistically significant difference between pre-and post test among middle school students and elementary school students. Students' knowledge on the harm of smoking has been increased after the video education. In addition, more than half of the students responded that the educational video was interesting and helpful. To reduce initiation of smoking among adolescents, both policies and school health education programs should be reinforced. Policies on tobacco should focus on demand of smokers and potential smokers. So government officials should keep monitor obedience of the law on prohibition of smoking for those under age 19. School teachers should focus on social influence of smoking for adolescents.

• International Journal of Safety
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.30-34
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• 2010

A big difference is seen in the perception of self-responsibility concerning safety, as a result of my survey on the safety measures taken in the pipeline construction at workers level between Japan and Indonesia. Specifically, when an accident occurs, a worker in Indonesia will think that the responsibility depends on the person who causes it. However a worker in Japan will think that safety is can only be protected by law and regulations. There is also another difference in the understanding of construction period. It is alright in Indonesia to take 5 times longer period than it takes in Japan if the cost is less. The idea of punctual delivery is very strong in Japan. Through this survey, points which construction industry in Japan could learn from Indonesia came to surface. In addition, over the recent years, several nasty accidents at Japanese sites were caused due to human error to disregard the law. Japanese should arouse the awareness of self-responsibility in this regard. Risk management should be upon self-recognition of each individual worker in both countries. What is important is the "work attitude education", "to grow sense of self-responsibility by thinking on one's own for one's self" in the education curriculum of man to man learning as in technical educational program.