• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.183-198
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• 2022

Plastic deformation of link beams in eccentrically braced frames is the primary dissipating source of seismic energy. Despite the excellent compatibility with the architectural designs, previous researches indicate the deficiency of flexural yielding links compared to the shear yielding ones because of their localized plastic deformation. Previous investigations have shown that implementing web openings in beams could be an efficient method to improve the seismic performance of moment-resisting connections. Accordingly, this research investigates the use of flexural links with stiffened and un-stiffened web openings to eliminate localized plasticity at the ends of the link. For this purpose, the numerical models are generated in finite element software "Abaqus" and verified against experimental data gathered from other studies. Models are subjected to cyclic displacement history to evaluate their behavior. Failure of the numerical models under cyclic loading is simulated using a micromechanical based damage model known as Cyclic Void Growth Model (CVGM). The elastic stiffness and the strength-based and CVGM-based inelastic rotation capacity of the links are compared to evaluate the studied models' seismic response. The results of this investigation indicate that some of the flexural links with edge stiffened web openings show increased inelastic rotation capacity compared to an un-perforated link.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.171-190
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• 2022

In this paper, the problem of interfacial stresses in steel cantilever beams strengthened with bonded composite laminates is analyzed using linear elastic theory. The analysis is based on the deformation compatibility approach, where both the shear and normal stresses are assumed to be invariant across the adhesive layer thickness. The original study in this paper carried out an analytical solution to estimate shear and peel-off stresses, as, interfacial stress analysis concentration under the uniformly distributed load and shear lag deformation. The theoretical prediction is compared with authors solutions from numerous researches. This phenomenon of deformation of the members, which gives probably approach on the study of interface of the reinforced structures, is called "shear lag effect". The resolution in this paper shows that the shear stress and the normal stress are significant and, are concentrated at the end of the composite plate of reinforcement, called "edge effect". A parametric study is carried out to show the effects of the variables of design and the physical properties of materials. This research is helpful for the understanding on mechanical behaviour of the interface and design of such structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.463-479
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• 2010

Based on damage accumulation of multi-grid composite walls, a method of dynamic reliability estimations is proposed. The multi-grid composite wall is composed of edge frame beam, edge frame columns, grid beams, grid columns and filling blocks. The equations including stiffness, shear forces at filling blocks cracking and multi-grid composite walls yielding, ultimate displacement, and damage index are obtained through tests of 13 multi-grid composite wall specimens. Employing these equations in reliability calculations, procedures of dynamic reliability estimations based on damage accumulation of multi-grid composite walls subjected to random earthquake excitations are proposed. Finally the proposed method is applied to the typical composite wall specimen subjected to random earthquake excitations which can be specified by a finite number of input random variables. The dynamic reliability estimates, when filling blocks crack under earthquakes corresponding to 63% exceedance in 50 years and when the composite wall reach limit state under earthquakes corresponding to 2-3% exceedance in 50 years, are obtained using the proposed method by taking damage indexes as thresholds. The results from the proposed method which show good agreement with those from Monte-Carlo simulations demonstrate the proposed method is effective.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.427-446
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• 2022

Cutouts in the beams or plates are often unavoidable due to inspection, maintenance, ventilation, structural aesthetics purpose, and sometimes to lighten the structures. Therefore, there will be a substantial reduction in the strength of the structure due to the introduction of the cutouts. However, these cutouts can be reinforced with the different patterns of ribs (stiffener) to enhance the strength of the structure. The present study highlights the influence of the elliptical cutout reinforced with a different pattern of ribs on the stability performance of such stiffened composite panels subjected to non-uniform edge loads by employing the Finite element (FE) technique. In the present formulation, a 9-noded heterosis element is used to model the skin, and a 3-noded isoparametric beam element is used to simulate the rib that is attached around a cutout in different patterns. The displacement compatibility condition is employed between the plate and stiffener, and arbitrary orientations are taken care by introducing respective transformation matrices. The effect of shear deformation and rotary inertia are incorporated in the formulation. A new mesh configuration is developed to house the attached ribs around an elliptical cutout with different patterns. Initially, a study is performed on the panels with different stiffener schemes for various ply orientations and for different stiffener depth to width ratios (d_s/b_s) to determine an optimal stiffener configuration. Further, various parametric studies are conducted on an obtained optimal stiffened panel to understand the effect of cutout size, cutout orientation, panel aspect ratio, and boundary conditions. Finally, from the analysis, it can be observed that the arrangement of the stiffener attached to a panel has a major impact on the buckling capacity of the stiffened panel. The stiffener's depth to width ratio also significantly influences the buckling characteristic.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.323-349
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• 2014

In this paper, linear buckling analysis of a curved sandwich beam with a flexible core is investigated. Derivation of equations for face sheets is accomplished via the classical theory of curved beam, whereas for the flexible core, the elasticity equations in polar coordinates are implemented. Employing the von-Karman type geometrical non-linearity in strain-displacement relations, nonlinear governing equations are resulted. Linear pre-buckling analysis is performed neglecting the rotation effects in pre-buckling state. Stability equations are concluded based on the adjacent equilibrium criterion. Considering the movable simply supported type of boundary conditions, suitable trigonometric solutions are adopted which satisfy the assumed edge conditions. The critical uniform load of the beam is obtained as a closed-form expression. Numerical results cover the effects of various parameters on the critical buckling load of the curved beam. It is shown that, face thickness, core thickness, core module, fiber angle of faces, stacking sequence of faces and openin angle of the beam all affect greatly on the buckling pressure of the beam and its buckled shape.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.554-559
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• 2003

A newly developed contact angle measurement instrument by laser beam projection allows for rapid and direct determination of contact angles. The instrument may have a possibility to characterize newly developed nano-fibers. When the laser beam impinges on an edge of an interface of liquid and solid, projected beam were split across and made two straight lines on a tangent screen. From the result, it could measure the contact angle directly by reading the angle between two split beams. The purpose of this study was to prove reliability and reproducibility of the contact angle measurement instrument by laser beam projection compare to the conventional one by microscope through the comparative experiment and questionnaire. Test samples were selected by consideration of hydrophilic and hydrophobic, such as nylon 6 and polypropylene, respectively. The laser contact angle measurement has accurate, fast and convenient method to measure contact angle, and it can be a unique method to characterize nano-fibers.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 1995

The examined model consists of two substructures linked by a right angle rigid line joint. One element is a wall loaded externally along its upper edge by an uneven vertical load. The other element, defined as a plate, is not loaded. Stresses and displacements in the vicinity of the joint are analysed, considering the lateral distribution which leads to three-dimensional effects. The proposed solution combines classical approach with numerical means, using appropriate stress distribution polynomial functions along the joint. Space structure constructions supply cases of interest.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.3866-3873
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• 2023

In 4th^-generation storage rings, whether to operate the beam as round or flat is a critical question. A round beam has equal horizontal and vertical emittances, and is an efficient solution to reduce strong intra-beam scattering effects and lengthen the Touschek lifetimes, but a flat beam produces a brighter photon beam than a round beam. To provide both beams concurrently rather than bifurcating the beam time, this paper presents the exploitation of beam dynamics and the cutting-edge fast pulser that supports concurrent operation of round beam and flat beam.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.147-162
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• 2024

This study presents a random-aggregate mesoscale model integrating the random distribution of the coarse aggerates and the damage mechanics of the mortar and interfacial transition zone (ITZ). This mesoscale model can generate the random distribution of the coarse aggregates according to the prescribed particle size distribution which enables the automation of the current methodology with different coarse aggregates' distribution. The main innovation of this work is to propose the "correction factor" to eliminate the dimensionally dependent mesh sensitivity of the concrete damaged plasticity (CDP) model. After implementing the correction factor through the user-defined subroutine in the randomly meshed mesoscale model, the predicted fracture resistance is in good agreement with the average experimental results of a series of geometrically similar single-edge-notched beams (SENB) concrete specimens. The simulated cracking pattern is also more realistic than the conventional concrete material models. The proposed random-aggregate mesoscale model hence demonstrates its validity in the application of concrete fracture failure and statistical size effect analysis.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2001

방사선조사면의 가장자리는 반음영 영역으로 선량변화가 급격한 부분이다. 이러한 부분은 메가볼트 광자선 영역의 조사면에서 선원크기, 콜리메이터, 차폐불럭, 보조기구 그리고 내부산란선에 의한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 기준조사면 경계 영역의 선량특성을 확인하고 선험적인 이론적 관계식으로 비교하여 치료시스템 조사면의 특성을 알고자 하였다. 조사면 경계영역의 주변선량분포를 깊이와 중심축으로부터 거리의 함수로서 구성하여 6MV 광자선에 의한 민조사면 경계영역의 주변선량분포를 측정하고 이를 선험적인 함수분포와 비교하였다. 3차원 물 팬톰으로 조사면 가장자리 영역의 주변선량분포를 측정하고 이를 선험적인 함수값과 비교하여 측정치와 근접한 함수방법을 알아보았다. 반도체 검출기와 전리함으로 최대선량점, 5 cm , 10 cm 깊이의 위치에서 측정값의 비를 이용하고, 유효 가장자리 영역은 80-20 % 를 선택하여 거리의 함수로 분석하였다. 깊이가 증가함에 따라경계영역의 선량폭이 증가하였다. 주변선량분포에서 검출기의 특성에 따라서 측정값과 함수값에 작은 차이가 있었다. 민조사면 경계영역 선량 분포함수를 비교하였다.