• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1610-1615
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• 2007

This paper presents a characteristics of linear induction motor considering airgap variation for railway transit in order to achieve high performance of the vehicle. The operating principle of a LIM(Linear induction motor) is identical to a rotary induction motor. Space-time variant magnetic fields are generated by the primary part across the airgap and induce the electro-motive force(EMF) in the secondary part, a conducting sheet. This EMF generates the eddy currents, which interact with the airgap flux and so produce the thrust force known as Loren's force. Even though the operating principal is exactly same as a rotary motor, the linear motor has a finite length of the primary or secondary parts and it causes static and dynamic end-effect which is the discontinuous airgap flux phenomenon. This end-effect causes the deterioration of the system performance, especially in high-speed operation. Another problem is that construction tolerance restricts the minimum airgap in order to prevent a collision between the primary part and the secondary reaction plate. More over, as the airgap length is getting smaller, the attraction force between the primary part and secondary parts is getting larger dramatically and the attraction force would be another friction against propulsion. Therefore, it is necessary to figure out the characteristics of linear induction motor considering airgap variation in order to achieve high performance of the vehicle. The dynamic model of LIM taking into account end-effects is derived. Then the modified mechanical load equation considering the effect of the attraction and thrust force according to the airgap variation is analyzed. The simulation results are presented to show the effect of the LIM according to the airgap variation.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2008

증기발생기 전열관에 생성되는 투자율변화에 의해 야기되는 신호왜곡 문제를 해결하기 위한 새로운 탐촉자를 개발하였다. 고리 1 호기 폐전열관에 생성된 자성상을 분리하여 자기이력곡선을 측정하였으며, 자성상이 생성되는 원인을 규명하기 위하여 고온 인장 시험을 수행하였다. 전산모사를 이용하여 탐촉자의 자정상 탐지조건을 결정하였으며, 디지털 신호전송을 위하여 신호처리용 전자회로를 소형화하여 탐촉자 속에 삽입하였다. 본 연구에서 개발된 신형 탐촉자를 이용하여 PVC 신호와 니켈 슬리빙 부위의 결함을 측정하였다. 신형 탐촉자는 보빈 탐촉자와 같이 고속으로 결함을 측정 할 수 있으며, 증기발생기 전열관의 탐상속도와 결함 탐지의 신뢰성을 증진시킬 수 있다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회논문집; 전남대학교, 19 May 1995
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• pp.196-201
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• 1995

The broadband and discrete sources of sound in small cooling fans of propeller type and centrifugal type were investigated to understand the turbulent vortex structures from many bladed fans using ANSI test plenum for small air-moving devices (AMDs). The noise measurement method uses the plenum as a test apparatus to determine the acoustic source spectral density function at each operating conditions similar to real engineering applications based on acoustic similarity laws. The characteristics of fans including the head rise vs. volumetric flow rate performance were measured using a performance test facility. The sound power spectrum is decomposed into two non-dimensional functions: an acoustic source spectral distribution function F(St,.phi.) and an acoustic system response function G(He,.phi.) where St, He, and .phi. are the Strouhal number, the Helmholtz number, and the volumetric flow rate coefficient, respectively. The autospectra of radiated noise measurements for the fan operating at several volumetric flow rates,.phi., are analyzed using acoustical similarity. The rotating stall in the small propeller fan with a bell-mouth guided is mainly due to a leading edge separation. It creates a blockage in the passage and the reduction in the flow rate. The sound power levels with respect to the rotational speeds were measured to reveal the mechanisms of stall and/or surge for different loading conditions and geometries, for example, fans installed with a impinging plate. Lee and Meecham (1993) studied the effect of the large-scale motions like impinging normally on a flat plate using Large-Eddy Simulation(LES) and Lighthill's analogy.[ASME Winter Annual Meeting 1993, 93-WA/NCA-22]. The dipole and quadrupole sources in the fans tested are shown closely related to the vortex structures involved using cross-correlations of the hot-wire and microphone signals.

• 한국해양학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.13-26
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• 1995

Blumberg와 Mellor(1987)의 2 방정식 난류모형, Bleackadar(1962)의 1 산정식을 이용한 1 방정식 난류모양 및 Prandtl(1925)의 혼합거리식을 이용한 0 방정식 난류모 양을 일련의 등밀도 문제에 적용 비교하였다. 구체적으로 일정유량이 주어진 수심이 급변하는 수로의 흐름, 유한수로에서 의 조류의 연직구조 및 일정수심 수로에서 의 정 상상태 취송류 문제에 대하여 비교되었다. 불규칙한 수심에 일정유량이 주어진 수로 흐름 및 점모양을 이용한 조류의 수치실험에서는 적용된 난류모양 모두 거의 비슷한 결과를 보였으며, 비교적 관측된 유속구조와 부합하는 좋은 결과를 보였다. 그러나 정 상상태의 취송류 경우에는 2 방정식만이 관측된 유속과 부합하는 유속구조를 재현하 였으며, Blackadar의 l 산정식을 이용한 1, 0 방정식 난류모형은 수면근처의 유속을 관측치보다 작게 계산하였다. 이류항 및 수평확산항의 영향이 작은 조류 및 취송류의 경우, 2 방정식 난류모형에 의한 연직와점성계수 이류항 및 수평확산항의 영향이 작은 조류 및 취송류의 경우, 2 방정식 난류모양에 의한 연직와점성계수 및 특성길이의 연 직분포는 중간수심에서 최대값을 갖는 포물형이었으며, Blackadar의 l 산정식을 사용 한 1, 0 방정식 난류모형에 의한 연직와점성계수 및 혼합특성길이의 연직분포는 수면 에서 최대인 선형에 가까웠다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.325-330
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• 2016

해수면은 19세기 말부터 상승 추세에 있으며, 20세기 이후 상승률이 더욱 가속화되고 있다. 해수면 높이는 지역적인 차이가 크기 때문에 한반도 주변 해역을 대상으로 해수면 변동에 관하여 알아보고자 하였다. 사용된 자료는 해상도 $1/4^{\circ}$의 Topex/Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2 위성의 고도계 자료를 이용하였다. 1993년부터 2013년까지 21년간 월별 평균 해수면 아노말리는 1~4월은 음의 값을 보였으며, 5~10월까지 양의 값을 보였다. 중국 보하이만은 대륙성 기후의 영향을 받아 해수면 변동이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 21년 자료를 평균한 결과 중국 보하이만은 대륙성 기후 영향을 받는 것이 두드러지게 나타났으며, 쿠로시오 해류 및 와동류 영향을 받아 해수면 변동이 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 1996년도 춘계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.58-67
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• 1996

This paper describes some computational results of various energy and environmental systems using Patankar's SIMPLE method. The specific topics handled in this study are jet bubbling reactor for flue gas desulfurization, cyclone-type afterburner for incineration, 200m tall stack for 500 MW electric power generation, double skin and heat storage systems of building energy saving for the utilization of solar heating, finally turbulent combustion systems with liquid droplet or pulverized coal particle. A control-volume based finite-difference method with the power-law scheme is employed for discretization. The pressure-velocity coupling is resolved by the use of the revised version of SIMPLE, that is, SIMPLEC. Reynolds stresses are closed using the standard $k-{\varepsilon}$ and RNG $k-{\varepsilon}$ models. Two-phase turbulent combustion of liquid drop or pulverized coal particle is modeled using locally-homogeneous, gas-phase, eddy breakup model. However simple approximate models are incorporated for the modeling of the second phase slip and retardation of ignition without consideration of any detailed particle behavior. Some important results are presented and discussed in a brief note. Especially, in order to make uniform exit flow for the jet bubbling reactor, a well-designed structure of distributor is needed. Further, the aspect ratio in the double skin system appears to be one of important factors to give rise to the visible change of the induced air flow rate. The computational tool employed in this study, in general, appears as a viable method for the design of various engineering system of interest.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제31권5B호
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• pp.483-489
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 잠제 주변의 세굴 및 퇴적현상을 수치적으로 모의하기 위해 기존의 수치 파동 모델에 모래입자의 거동 해석을 위한 lagrangian 입자 모델을 결합한 새로운 수치모델을 개발하였다. 수치 파동 모델로서는 파랑에 의한 해저지반 내의 모래입자의 이동과 유동화 해석을 위해 투수성 매체 내부의 유체저항(관성저항, 층류저항 및 난류저항)을 고려할 수 있는 수치모델에 LES 난류모델을 도입한 수치해석기법(허와 최, 2008)을 이용하였다. 또한, 모래입자의 이동해석을 위한 lagrangian 입자 모델로서는 많은 개개의 입자들의 동적해석에 탁월한 개별요소법(Cundall and Strack, 1979)을 적용하였다. 개발된 해석기법을 이용하여 불투과 잠제 전면의 세굴에 대한 수치시뮬레이션을 실시한 후, 기존의 수리모형실험과 정성적으로 비교하면서 그 적용성을 검토하였다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2001

Recently, severe wear on the shutdown rod cladding of Ulchin Nuclear Power Plant #1, #2 were observed by the Eddy Current Test(E.C.T.). In particular, the wear at the sixth card location was up to 75%. The test results indicated that the Flow Induced Vibration(F.I.V.) might be the cause of the fretting wear resulting from the contact between Rod Cluster Control Assemblies(RCCAs) and their spacing cards(guide plates) arranged in the guide tube. From reviewing RCCAs fretting wear repots and analyzing the general characteristics of F.I.V. mechanism in the reactor, geometric layout and flow conditions around the control rod, it is concluded that the turbulence excitation is the most probable vibration mechanism of RCCA. To identify the governing mechanism of RCCA vibration, an experiment was performed for a representative rod position in which the most serious fretting wear experienced among the six rod positions. The experimental rig was designed and set up to satisfy the governing nondimensional numbers which are Reynolds number and mass damping parameter. The vibration amplitude measurement by the non-contact laser displacement sensor showed good agreements in the frequency and the maximum wearing(vibration) location with Ulchin E.C.T. results and Framatome report, respectively. The sudden increase in the vibration amplitude was sensed around the 6th guide plate with mass flow rate variation. Comparing the similitude rod behaviour with the idealized response of a cylinder in flow induced vibration, it was found that he dominant mechanism of vibration was transferred from turbulence excitation to periodic shedding at the mass flow ate 90ι/min. Also the critical velocity of the vibration in RCCAs was determined and the vibration can be prevented by reducing the bypass flow rate below the critical velocity.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1594-1605
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• 2001

In this study, a numerical simulation was developed which was capable of predicting the characteristics of NO formation in pilot scale combustor adopting the air-staged burner flame. The numerical calculation was constructed by means of establishing the mathematical models fur turbulence, turbulent combustion, radiation and turbulent nitric oxide chemistry. Turbulence was solved with standard k-$\xi$ model and the turbulent combustion model was incorporated using a two step reaction scheme together with an eddy dissipation model. The radiative transfer equation was calculated by means of the discrete ordinates method with the weighted sum of gray gases model for CO$_2$and H$_2$O. In the NO chemistry model, the chemical reaction rates for thermal and prompt NO were statistically averaged using the $\beta$ probability density function. The results were validated by comparison with measurements. For the experiment, a 0.2 MW pilot multi-air staged burner has been designed and fabricated. Only when the radiation was taken into account, the predicted gas temperature was in good agreement with the experimental one, which meant that the inclusion of radiation was indispensable for modeling multi-air staged gas flame. This was also true of the prediction of the NO formation, since it heavily depended on temperature. Subsequently, it was found that the multi-air staged combustion technique might be used as a practical tool in reducing the NO formation by controlling the peak flame temperature.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.11-29
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• 2009

Variability of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Japan/East Sea (JES) was studied using complex empirical orthogonal function (CEOF) analysis. Two daily data sets were analyzed: (1) New Generation 0.05o-gridded SST from Tohoku University, Japan (July 2002-July 2006), and (2) 0.25o-gridded SST from the Japan Meteorological Agency (October 1993-November 2006). Linkages with wind stress curl were revealed using 6-h 1o-gridded surface zonal and meridional winds from ancillary data of the Sea- WiFS Project, a special National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) product (1998-2005). SST anomalies (SSTA) were obtained by removing the seasonal signal, estimated as the leading mode of the CEOF decomposition of the original SST. Leading CEOF modes of residual SSTA obtained from both data sets were consistent with each other and were characterized by annual, semiannual, and quasi-biennial time scales estimated with 95% statistical significance. The Semiannual Mode lagged 2 months behind the increased occurrence of the anticyclonic (AC) wind stress curl over the JES. Links to dynamic processes were investigated by numerical simulations using an oceanic model. The suggested dynamic forcings of SSTA are the inflow of subtropical water into the JES through the Korea Strait, divergence in the surface layer induced by Ekman suction, meridional shifts of the Subarctic Front in the western JES, AC eddy formation, and wind-driven strengthening/weakening of large-scale currents. Events of west-east SSTA movement were identified in July-September. The SSTA moved from the northeastern JES towards the continental coast along the path of the westward branch of the Tsushima Current at a speed consistent with the advective scale.