• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.228-240
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• 2023

Growing complexity in ecosystem structure and functions, under impacts of climate and land-use changes, requires interdisciplinary understandings of processes and the whole-system, and accurate estimates of the changing functions. In the last three decades, observation networks for biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem functions under climate change, have been developed by interested scientists, research institutions and universities. In this paper we will review (1) the development and on-going activities of those observation networks, (2) some outcomes from forest carbon cycle studies at our super-site "Takayama site" in Japan, and (3) a few ideas how we connect in-situ and satellite observations as well as fill observation gaps in the Asia-Oceania region. There have been many intensive research and networking efforts to promote investigations for ecosystem change and functions (e.g., Long-Term Ecological Research Network), measurements of greenhouse gas, heat, and water fluxes (flux network), and biodiversity from genetic to ecosystem level (Biodiversity Observation Network). Combining those in-situ field research data with modeling analysis and satellite remote sensing allows the research communities to up-scale spatially from local to global, and temporally from the past to future. These observation networks oftern use different methodologies and target different scientific disciplines. However growing needs for comprehensive observations to understand the response of biodiversity and ecosystem functions to climate and societal changes at local, national, regional, and global scales are providing opportunities and expectations to network these networks. Among the challenges to produce and share integrated knowledge on climate, ecosystem functions and biodiversity, filling scale-gaps in space and time among the phenomena is crucial. To showcase such efforts, interdisciplinary research at 'Takayama super-site' was reviewed by focusing on studies on forest carbon cycle and phenology. A key approach to respond to multidisciplinary questions is to integrate in-situ field research, ecosystem modeling, and satellite remote sensing by developing cross-scale methodologies at long-term observation field sites called "super-sites". The research approach at 'Takayama site' in Japan showcases this response to the needs of multidisciplinary questions and further development of terrestrial ecosystem research to address environmental change issues from local to national, regional and global scales.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.29-43
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• 2017

Innovation Cosystems are Conceptualized as Organizational Networks of Economic Actors, Technologies and Social Contexts that Interact for Knowledge Production, use, and Adaptation. This Paper Proposed a Conceptual Framework to Describe Value Co-creation of Organizational Networks Engaged in Technology Innovation. We Adopted Theory-Based Approach by Integrating the Perspective of Service-Dominant (S-D) Logic Into the Evolutionary Model of the Triple Helix. The Framework Gives a Plausible Explanation on how Actors Collaborate to Create Value in Dynamic Contexts of an Innovation Ecosystem. The Innovation Ecosystem can be Considered as a Composite of Sub-Ecosystems, Including Knowledge, Sectoral, and Business Ecosystems. When these Sub-Ecosystems are Recursively Transformed by Coordination of Functional Mechanisms that Serve Value Co-creation in the Innovation Process, the Innovation Ecosystem will be Re-Organized and Evolve. The case of the Digital Living Network Alliance (DLNA) was Examined to Demonstrate the Fundamental Mechanisms for Value Co-creation that was Described in the Framework. The case Study Indicates Features of Value Co-creation when Implementing Innovation in Organizational Networks.

• Telecommunications review
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.605-621
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• 2015

The diffusion of smart devices has greatly influenced the market dynamics of the telecommunications industry. The competition paradigm has shifted from individual firm-based competition to ecosystem-based competition. To satisfy the diverse needs of market customers, it has become more important for telecommunications companies to form alliances with complementary partners in the ecosystem. This study empirically investigates the influence of ecosystem-based alliance formations on the financial performance of firms in the Korean telecommunications market. Specifically, the impact of a CPND (Content, Platforms, Networks, and Devices) alliance in the ICT (Information and Communications Technology) sector on firms' profitability is examined using a structural equation model. The results indicate that before the diffusion of smart devices, ecosystem-based alliance formations with other firms in the ICT ecosystem were not effective for enhancing profitability. However, after this diffusion, alliance formation between members of the value chain in the ICT ecosystem contributed significantly to firms' financial performance. This implies that recent alliances with firms that are constituents of the ICT ecosystem are an important element of profit generation in the ICT market in Korea.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.808-831
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• 2020

The business world has been undergoing a digital transformation. The adoption of multi-sided digital platform across the world has sped up this transformation. Multi-sided digital platforms create value by mediating interactions and transactions of distinct groups of users. A platform and its stakeholders need to be considered as a business ecosystem. Elements or components in the ecosystem exchange values and together form a network of exchange values. The objective of this paper is to construct a framework for crafting and observing digital business ecosystems. The foundation theories used to construct the framework are transaction cost economy (TCE), multi-sided markets, and value network. This paper uses Go-Jek, a growing ride-hailing platform from Indonesia, as a case to discuss how the framework works in mapping Go-Jek's digital business ecosystem, and then explain its expansion strategy. This paper has both theoretical and managerial contributions. It provides a formal definition of digital business ecosystems as a network of exchange values. The framework does not only help studies the existing business ecosystems but also can be used to craft a new business ecosystem. It can also be used to study value exchanges within the ecosystem, assessing or crafting ecosystem expansion strategies.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2000

This study is focused on the incustrial symbiosis based on industrial ecosystem theory. At first, the concept of industrial ecosystem was introduced. Industrial symbiosis is a good tool in order to make a harmony between industry and natural ecosystem. The good example of industrial symbiosis is the case of Kalundborg in Denmark, where 11 networks are working in four enterprises and one community nearby. It was proved that savings of natural resources and economic benefit are achieved by use of industrial symbiosis. Moreover, the control of pollutant emission was also done by use of advanced technology and investments. Based on this case. It was shown that industrial symbiosis through eco-industrial complex in Korea was confronted with many difficulties. First of all., loose emmision criteria, recycling system on wastes, and the absence of will for industrial symbiosis should be solved in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.175-204
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• 2017

The existing innovation policies and strategies mainly focused on the influencing factors for improvement of innovation outcome. However, these strategies were not always successful in driving innovative activities that make technology innovation disseminated. In this regard, innovation ecosystems approach has recently been coming to the force to establish a successful innovation strategy. The innovation ecosystems concept describes that innovation processes are evolved through collaborative networks of economic actors. In an innovation ecosystem, different organizations collaborate for technology development and its use. They interact for value co-creation by sharing mutual resources. The organizational networks are re-organized by dynamic changes of actors' interactions, which drive innovation mechanism of the networks. Recent studies on innovation ecosystems mostly have paid attention on developing theoretical frameworks to describe dynamics of an innovation ecosystem. There have hardly been empirical tests on the theoretical ecosystem models. In this vein, we investigated dynamics of an innovation ecosystem by analyzing structural characteristics of a collaborative network among organizations which are involved in the use of innovative technologies. Particularly, we examined the longitudinal changes of the interaction patterns among the organizations. This test was performed by an analysis of structural equivalence on the network dataset transformed from the organizational interactions. This result provides a guideline for an organization in developing an innovation strategy under a systemic perspective.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.159-173
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• 2015

This paper presents a study on the Internet of Things based low-power wireless sensor networks for remote monitoring of wildlife ecosystem due to climate change. Especially, it is targeting the wild vegetation communities ecological monitoring. First, we performed a pre-test and analysis for selecting the appropriate frequency for the sensor network to collect and deliver information reliably in harsh propagation environment of the forest area, and selected for sensors for monitoring wild vegetation communities on the basis of considerations for selecting the best sensor. In addition, we have presented the platform concept and hierarchical function structures for effectively monitoring, analyzing and predicting of ecosystem changes, to apply the Internet of Things in the ecological monitoring area. Based on this, this paper presents the system architecture and design of the Internet of Things based low-power wireless sensor networks for monitoring the ecosystem of the wild vegetation communities. Finally, we constructed and operated the test-bed applied to real wild trees, using the developed prototype based on the design.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.588-598
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• 2022

Since multi-access edge computing (MEC) was established as a key enabler of 5G, MEC based on 5G networks (5G MEC) has been perceived as a new business opportunity for many industry players, including telecom operators. Numerous 5G MEC cooperation announcements among companies playing their respective roles in the MEC ecosystem have been recently released. However, because of cooperative and competitive relationships among key players in the MEC ecosystem and the uncertainty of 5G MEC, the announcement of 5G MEC cooperation can negatively affect the telecom operators' firm value. This study investigates the market reaction to announcements of 5G MEC cooperation for telecom operators using an event study methodology. The empirical results show that announcements of 5G MEC cooperation have a negative impact on the telecom operators' firm value. The results also show that the early deployment of 5G networks may reduce the negative impact of 5G MEC cooperation announcements by reducing uncertainty.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2023

Humans inevitably and continuously produce wastewater in daily life worldwide. To decrease the degradation of river water bodies and aquatic ecosystem therein, humans have built systems at different scales to collect, drain, and treat household-produced wastewater. Particularly, municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with centralized controls have played a key role in reducing loads of nutrients in domestic wastewater for the last few decades. Notwithstanding such contributions, impaired rivers regarding water quality and habitat integrity still exist at the whole river basin scale. It is highly attributable to the absence of dilution capacity of receiving streams and/or the accumulation of the pollutant loads along flow paths. To improve the perspective for individual WWTPs assessment, the first crucial step is to achieve systematic understanding on spatial distribution characteristics of all WWTPs together in a given river basin. By taking the initiative, our former study showed spatial hierarchical distributions of WWTPs in three large urbanized river basins in Germany. In this study, we uncover how municipal WWTPs in the contiguous United States are distributed along river networks in a give river basin. The extended spatial scope allows to deal with wide ranges in geomorphological attributes, hydro-climatic conditions, and socio-economic status. Furthermore, we identify the relation of the findings with multiple factors related to human activities, such as the spatial distribution of human settlements, the degree of economy development, and the fraction of communities served by WWTPs. Generalizable patterns found in this study are expected to contribute to establishing viable management plans for recent water-environmental challenges caused by WWTP-discharges to river water bodies.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.272-281
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• 2023

Ecosystem observatories are burgeoning globally in an endeavour to detect national and global scale trends in the state of biodiversity and ecosystems in an era of rapid environmental change. In this paper we highlight the additional importance of regional scale outcomes of such infrastructure, through an introduction to the Great Western Woodlands TERN (Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network) SuperSite, and key findings from three gradient plot networks that are part of this infrastructure. The SuperSite was established in 2012 in the 160,000 km² Great Western Woodlands region, in a collaboration involving 12 organisations. This region is globally significant for its largely intact, diverse landscapes, including the world's largest Mediterranean-climate woodlands and highly diverse sandplain shrublands. The dominant woodland eucalypts are fire-sensitive, requiring hundreds of years to regrow after fire. Old-growth woodlands are highly valued by Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, and managing impacts of climate change and the increasing extent of intense fires are key regional management challenges. Like other TERN SuperSites, the Great Western Woodlands TERN SuperSite includes a core eddy-covariance flux tower measuring exchanges of carbon, water and energy between the vegetation and atmosphere, along with additional environmental and biodiversity monitoring around the tower. The broader SuperSite incorporates three gradient plot networks. Two of these represent aridity gradients, in sandplains and woodlands, informing regional climate adaptation and biodiversity management by characterising biodiversity turnover along spatial climate gradients and acting as sentinels for ecosystem change over time. For example, the sandplains transect has demonstrated extremely high spatial turnover rates in plant species, that challenge traditional approaches to biodiversity conservation. The third gradient plot network represents a 400-year fire-age gradient in Eucalyptus salubris woodlands. It has enabled characterisation of post-fire recovery of vegetation, birds and invertebrates over multi-century timeframes, and provided tools that are directly informing management to reduce stand-replacing fires in eucalypt woodlands. By building regional partnerships and applying globally or nationally consistent methodologies to regional scale questions, ecological observatories have the power not only to detect national and global scale trends in biodiversity and ecosystems, but to directly inform environmental decisions that are critical at regional scales.