• 생태와환경
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.370-378
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• 2007

본 연구는 갑천의 지류인 반석천에서 도시화에 따른 서식지 교란과 수질오염의 영향에 따른 생태계 건강성 평가를 위해 2005년 7월부터 2006년 4월까지 어류를 이용한 해부학적 건강도 평가 모델지수(HAI),생태계 건강도 평가 지수(IBI)및 물리적 서식지 평가 모델(QHEI)을 이용하여 총체적 건강도를 평가하였다. 상기 모델의 시간적, 공간적인 분석을 위해 상류로부터 하류까지 총 6개 지점을 선정하여 3회 조사하였다. 생태계 건강도 평가결과 평균 24(악화${\sim}$보통상태)로 나타났고, 물리적 서식지 건강도는 평균 116(보통${\sim}$양호상태)으로 나타났다. 생태계 건강도와 물리적 서식지 건강도의 상관분석 결과 물리적 서식지 건강도는 생태계 건강도에 영향을 주는 것으로 사료되었고, 특히 서식처의 비율$(M_1)$, 유량/유속의 다양성 $(M_3)$, 여울의 빈도$(M_7)$와 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 해부학적 건강도 평가 결과 대조군은 0(최적상태)으로 나타난 반면, 처리군(T1, T2)은 각각 5 (양호상태), 50 (악화상태)로 나타났으며, 생태계 건강도가 높은 지점에서 개체건강도 역시 최적상태로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 생태계 건강도 평가(IBI), 물리적 서식지 평가(QHEI) 및 해부학적 개체 건강도 평가(HAI)를 통한 평가 기법은 하천 생태계의 총체적 건강도 평가를 위한 좋은 모델인 것으로 사료된다.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2023

본 연구는 수생태계 생물다양성과 자연 서식지 환경을 유역 수준에서 평가하기 위해 수질과 수생태 분야를 중심으로 통합 지표를 개발하였으며, 지표별 결과 특성을 분석하여 적용성을 검토하였다. 자연성 평가체계는 인간 활동에 의한 교란, 서식지 다양성, 생물다양성, 생태계 구조의 4가지 평가분야와 7개 세부 평가지표로 구성하였다. 하천 생태계의 서식지 보전을 위해 평가 대상 생물군으로 어류를 활용하였으며, 멸종위기야생생물 II급 열목어와 최대 서식지인 계방천과 내린천을 평가대상으로 선정하였다. 조사 수역은 대부분 하천차수가 낮은 산간계류 형태로 열목어의 공서어종은 금강모치와 참갈겨니로 분석되었다. 자연성 평가 결과, 교란 현황 분야에서 본류보다 지류에서 제방 식생이 안정적인 환경을 보였으며, 외부 교란이 적은 것으로 분석되었다. 서식지 다양성 분야에서는 서식지 평가 지수가 평균 200 이상의 높은 점수를 나타내어 최적의 생물서식 환경을 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 생물다양성 분야에서는 민감종의 비율이 높고, 용존산소가 많은 편이며 오염물질이 거의 없는 청정상태로 분석되었다. 생태계 구조 분야에서는 생태지표특성 메트릭과 멸종위기야생생물의 출현에 따른 점수 편차가 큰 특성을 보였으나, 대체로 하천생태계 건강성이 우수한 것으로 분석되었다. 열목어의 출현 유무에 따라 서식지 환경에 차이를 보이면서 자연성 평가 결과에 다소 차이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 생태계 변화 관찰 목적에 따라 자연환경 변화를 신속하게 탐지하고 하천생태계보전을 위한 평가체계로 활용하기 위해서는 다양한 유역을 대상으로 조사 분석이 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.466-471
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• 2008

Little is known about DNA-level and physiological levels for health assessments of stream or river environments. Recently, comet assay, so called Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis (SCGE) is introduced for assessments of DNA damage in the medical science, food science and mammal toxicology. The comet assay is known as a biomarker which is one of the best barometers in assessing the DNA damage by oxidative stress. In this study, we conducted the comet assay using sentinel species, Zacco platypus, as one of the pre-warning alarm systems for the aquatic ecosystem health assessments and also applied it to Gap Stream as a model system. Tail extent moments in the S1 and S2 were 5.20 and 9.90 respectively and the moment was 19.89 in the S3. Statistical ANOVA in the tail moments showed a significant difference (n=75, p<0.05) between S1 and S3. Also, the proportions of DNA in the tail were 14.47, 23.64, and $30.04{\mu}m$ in the upstream (control site), midstream, downstream sites, respectively. Our results in the downstream were accord with previous studies of individual-level, population-level, and community-level in Gap Stream. Our results suggest that the comet assay may be used as an important tool for diagnosing ecological health of aquatic ecosystems in the level of DNA.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.173-184
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• 2021

Ecological disturbance plants distributed throughout the country are causing a lot of damage to us directly or indirectly in terms of ecology, economy and health. These plants are not easy to manage and remove because they have a strong fertility, and it is very difficult to express them quantitatively. In this study, drone hyperspectral sensor data and Field spectroradiometer were acquired around the experimental area. In order to secure the quality accuracy of the drone hyperspectral image, GPS survey was performed, and a location accuracy of about 17cm was secured. Spectroscopic libraries were constructed for 7 kinds of plants in the experimental area using a Field spectroradiometer, and drone hyperspectral sensors were acquired in August and October, respectively. Spectral data for each plant were calculated from the acquired hyperspectral data, and spectral angles of 0.08 to 0.36 were derived. In most cases, good values of less than 0.5 were obtained, and Ambrosia trifida and Lactuca scariola, which are common in the experimental area, were extracted. As a result, it was found that about 29.6% of Ambrosia trifida and 31.5% of Lactuca scariola spread in October than in August. In the future, it is expected that better results can be obtained for the detection of ecosystem distribution plants if standardized indicators are calculated by constructing a precise spectral angle standard library based on more data.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.737-747
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• 2006

Ministry of Environment (MOE) of Korea has been implementing the water quality management policy to focus on the control of organic matters (BOD and COD) for 28 years since 1978 when the water quality standards had been established. However, the government and the public have begun to recognize the necessity of creating the best water environment for people and aquatic life, and also formulating the various measures of water pollution, Consequently, MOE of Korea is establishing the basic plan of water environment management, with the vision of "Clean Water, Eco River 2015." The major targets of water environment management plan are to maintain ecosystem health and to protect water quality from various hazardous substances in water bodies. In order to achieve the major targets, it is essential to amend the water quality standards, which bring about the systematic management of various pollutants and healthy ecosystem. Introduction of the new techniques of water environment assessment is also prerequisite to maintain sustainable water environment. These can be accomplished under the consideration of following suggestions in environmental quality standards. First, several criteria should be complemented in water quality standards; they include the improvement of the current water quality classification system, the strengthening and supplement of relevant parameters considering human health in the standards, the introduction of biotic indices, and management standards on eutrophication. Secondly, it should be considered to introduce the biological water quality standards using biotic indices and the management standards for sediments. Lastly, it needs to introduce or develop an ecological status classification which could be used in the assessment of the water environment as a whole.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2021

국내 물관리정책은 농도 중심의 물관리에서 부하량 관리 중심의 오염총량관리로 전환되면서 수질 및 수생태계에 변화를 가져왔다. 하지만 오염원의 변화와 유량 변동 등으로 총량제 시행 이후 수질 및 수생태계 건강성이 개선되었는지 판단하기 어려워 로그선형모델과 생물지표(저서성 대형무척추동물)를 활용하여 효과를 분석하였다. 그 결과 진위천수계의 BOD와 T-P농도는 각각 30%, 35% 저감되어 수질개선 효과를 보였으나, 저서생물지수(BMI) 결과 D등급에서 E등급으로 악화되었다. 진위천수계의 수생태계 건강성을 개선하기 위해서 생태하천을 가꾸는 노력이 필요하다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.307-321
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• 2018

2017년 5월부터 9월까지 제천시에 위치한 2개의 저수지인 의림지(Ur)와 솔방죽(Sr)을 대상으로 어류상 조사 및 호수생태건강성평가를 실시하였다. 조사기간 동안 채집된 어류는 7과 16속 21종이 출현하였다. 그 중 잉어과 어류가 11종(52.4%), 318개체(46.2%)가 출현하여 우점하는 것으로 나타났고, 검정우럭과(2종, 264개체, 38.4%)가 아우점하는 것으로 나타났다. 전체 출현종 중 참몰개(RA 22.7%, 156개체)가 우점종으로 나타났으며, 아우점종은 파랑볼우럭(19.5%, 134개체), 큰입배스(18.9%, 130개체)로 외래종이 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 화학적산소요구량(COD), 총인(TP)과 엽록소-a(CHL)를 이용한 부영양화지수($TSI_{KO}$) 분석결과, 두 저수지는 중영양상태를 보이는 것으로 분석되었다. 두 저수지의 수환경영향평가를 위해 LEHA(Lentic Ecosystem Health Assessment) 다변수 모델을 적용하였고, 생태 건강도 모델 값을 산정하였다. 생태건강성평가 결과, 내성종이 각각 56.8%(Ur), 98.3%(Sr)로 나타났으며, 잡식종이 43.9%(Ur), 65.6%(Sr)로 나타나 섭식구조의 단순화로 인하여 내성종과 잡식종의 우점현상을 보였으며, 특히 큰입배스의 상대풍부도가 16.3%(Ur), 31.1%(Sr)로 나타나 생태계가 교란되어 생태건강성이 크게 악화된 것으로 나타났다. 상기 LEHA 다변수 모델을 이용한 의림지(Ur)와 솔방죽(Sr)의 생태건강성 지수 값은 각각 22(의림지), 12(솔방죽)으로서 환경부(2014)의 등급에 의거하였을 때 "악화상태(의림지)", "최악상태(솔방죽)"인 것으로 평가되었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.305-313
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• 2005

In these days, water environment is getting threatened by a variety of toxic pollutants discharged from industries. However, environmental standards and regulations in Korea may be in straitened circumstances to protect the water environment from it. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to compare the management state of the toxic substances in water environment and to present the framework for deriving water quality criteria in USA and Japan. To conserve the water environment from the toxic pollutants more efficiently, the following considerations could be suggested in standards and regulation in Korea. Firstly, there should be consistency of regulated pollutants in drinking water quality standard, water quality standards and permissible wastewater discharge standards. Secondly, in case of deriving the water quality standards, it is required to consider the conservation of the aquatic ecosystem as well as the protection of human health. Finally, it is indispensable to make risk-based approach in management of toxic pollutants in water environment.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Widespread public vaccination is one of the effective mechanisms to ensure the health and prevent deaths in societies. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine is a stark instance in this regard. Vaccine development is a complex process requiring firm-level capabilities, various infrastructures, long-term planning, and stable and efficient policies. Due to the global demand for vaccines during the pandemic, the national capability to produce vaccines is critical. To this end, the current paper investigates influential factors, at the firm- and policylevel, in the COVID-19 vaccine development process in Iran. By adopting a qualitative research method and conducting 17 semi-structured interviews and analyzing policy documents, news, and reports, we extracted internal and external factors affecting the success and failure of a vaccine development project. We also discuss the characteristics of the vaccine ecosystem and the gradual maturity of policies. This paper draws lessons for vaccine development in developing countries at both firm and policy levels.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.111-121
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• 2016

This study was carried out to assess the riparian vegetation health in the fluctuation area and vicinity of reservoirs. The results of this study could be a basic data to improve the ecological function and establish green-network of waterside ecosystem. The study site is Daecheong lake reservoirs which the representative landscape of Geum river and with great number of visitors near metropolitan city. The 6 survey plots of 2 survey area were selected, survey area 1 had 4 survey plots and survey area 2 had 2 survey plots, and to compare the study results 4 control plots were selected in Gyeongcheon reservoir. The main dominant specie of survey sites was Salix koreensis in tree and subtree layer, were Salix koreensis and Salix glandulosa. in shrub layer. 2 survey plots of Samjeongdong and Kyeongcheon reservoir were assessed as 'Good', 2 survey plots of chudong were assessed as 'Fair' in vegetation health assessment. In the fluctuation area from flood water level to low water level, 58 populations of Salix koreensis were found in survey sites and Salix koreensis, Salix glandulosa and Acer tataricum subsp. ginale were found in control sites. The most adequate species at the condition affected by inundation impacts would be Salix koreensis and Salix glandulosa was more healthy at the area less affected by inundation. This study was carried out the vegetation health assessment on Daecheong reservoir which has been advanced natural succession for more than 30 years after the construction. Further, it should carry continuously out the research on the planting model of the waterside ecosystem for ecological restoration.