• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.665-680
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• 2016

Theoretically, it is said that economies of scope can be realized in the cropelivestock cycling organic farming. Thus, it is also used as the principle of organic farming. However, it is difficult to find the cases of the empirical analysis of it in Korea. In that sense, this study is meaningful in that it analyzed the agricultural data of case farms of obtaining the approval of both organic agricultural products and organic animal products and practicing cycling farming for 4 years and tested the hypothesis. This study measured economies of scope by using the actual measurement value and estimation value farming performance statistics for 4 years of case farms. This farmhouse conducted nutrient cycling in the farm like self-manufacturing and injecting organic agricultural byproduct and wild grass as organic livestock feed and fermenting organic livestock manure to organic compost to return it 100%. The results can be summarized as follows: According to the result of cycling farming of combining and producing organic agriculture and organic livestock, economies of scope were found to be realized in this case farmhouse. That is, although not strong, EOS>0, there were economies of scope. The measurement value appeared as 0.0722, 0.00378, 0.04667 and 0.13127 in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. It was improved as time passes and the scale gets smaller. Therefore, in order to further improve economies of scope, there should be measures of reducing duplication costs between agriculture-livestock as low as possible and lowering the production cost of organic feed. That is, there is a need for the management strategy to adjust the import function and cost function according to the change in management paradigm and cropping system.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.317-322
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• 2022

Background: Limited access to medical services causes problems in patients' health and life. Also, hospital closures cause concentration towards general hospitals, which leads to worsening National Health Insurance finance. Therefore, hospital closure is an important topic to be analyzed. Methods: This paper analyzed the factors that affect hospital closures using survival analysis with the data of 970 hospitals opened between 2010 and 2019 in Korea. The number of medical personnel, hospital rooms, sickbeds, and medical departments were used as explanatory variables. Results: The number of medical personnel and hospital rooms increased the survival probability while the number of sickbeds and medical departments decrease the survival probability. Conclusion: The results suggest that hospitals have economies of scale and diseconomies of scope in management.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권7호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze the economies of scale of the cottage industry for coconut sugar production in Banyumas, Indonesia. This study applies a survey method to coconut sugar craftsmen. Data analysis was performed by regression analysis based on the Cobb-Douglas production function approach. The findings indicated that decreasing returns to scale was a problem for the domestic production of coconut sugar. These findings show that the production of coconut sugar is not very productive. Labor and financial capital inputs have a significant positive share but the resulting increase in output is less proportional than the increase in the two inputs. Social capital, experience, and education do not affect industrial performance. To increase input productivity and production efficiency, it is necessary to apply more effective production techniques and technologies to produce quality products so that the selling price can be higher. Additionally, it is required to enhance the sap's quality through its extraction methods and the regrowth of high-yielding coconut tree varieties. From the institutional aspect, the development of this industry requires stronger partnerships with related parties such as local governments, exporting companies, cooperatives, and universities through research and development.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.259-274
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• 2007

The paradigm of the global logistics network has been rapidly changing from traditional concept of productivity in cost terms, toward the new characteristics of innovative productivity in terms of economies of scale, economies of scope, and economies of network. As the ship or airplane becomes larger and speedier, the less logistics hub required. The more diverse logistics parties integrate each other horizontally or vertically, the higher synergy effects they get. The more systematic concurrent engineering available for global supply chain management such as Korean manufacturers in China, the higher productivity they get. The paper analyzes these three paradigms of logistics into the application for the Korean manufacturers in China and concludes that the Korean government, the companies in China should be more focused on the governance of the logistics and the intermediary such as the 4th party logistics(4PL) is definitely developed its role and functions based on three paradigms above mentioned.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.49-70
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• 1981

This article is divided into five chapters: chapter I is the introduction on the subject under examination; chapter II is devoted to explaining the phenomenon of concentration of capital. The writer has attempted here to show the degree of capital concentration in Korean shipping in 1974 and 1979 and made a comparison with that of the selected leading maritime nations; chapter III has been devoted to the economies of scale and the optimum size of shipping firm, firstly introducing empirical studies of the British shipping firms, which had been conducted by American and British economists in the early 1960's, and secondly made a survey of Korean shipping activity during 1974-1979 in terms of economies of scale; chapter IV deals with the reasons of concentration of shipping in light of recent advances of ship technology; chapter V sets forth conclusion.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.63-72
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• 2024

This is an extended paper, focusing on the cost management for the organizations dealing with the crucial issues of security systems. Information Technology (IT) is an important and irreplaceable need of society and all working sector's success depends on IT to a greater extent; therefore maintaining security features is one of the most important aspects of IT. When security in the IT sector is discussed, Patch Management (P.Mgnt) has to be taken under account. P. Mgnt includes many concerns and areas to be described for IT security such as methods and problems in updating patch, methods of reducing security risks with P.Mgnt, methods of achieving economies of scale by controlling the operational costs and taking decisions in investing as and when necessary. This paper presents a general definition of Patch management, its benefits and management of working cost through theoretical models, also the paper gives methods of feeding techniques for microstrip patch antenna MPA, showing the contracting and non contracting methods.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.189-204
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• 2009

Our study aims to investigate the determinants of international competitiveness and international specialization in services, using OECD service trade data. Real exchange rates, world demand, economies of scale, diffusion of IT, human capital, R&D expenditure and institutional variables are introduced as explanatory variables in regressions for 29 OECO countries over $1996{\sim}2003$. Some of major findings from the study can be summarized as follows. First, economies of scale play important role in transport and business services. Second, the index of freedom to trade measured by Faster Institute has a positive and significant impact on international competitiveness in telecommunication, finance and insurance and business services. Third, IT provides favorable condition to build international competitiveness in finance and insurance and business services. Fourth, R&D expenditure contributes to the amelioration of international competitiveness in transport services, while investment in new equipments contributes to increasing the competitiveness in telecommunication services. Thus, our results show the importance of the industrial base for developing a competitive service economy.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.107-122
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• 1994

Many alternatives have been discussed to reduce the medical expenditure and to use the medical resources effectively. Many studies about the economies of scale have been done for the last several decades. This study has analyzed the relationship between the number of beds and the mean expense per hospitalization day in Korea. A Cost Function Model was identified and we wanted to see the minimum optimal size with the cheapest mean expense per hospitalization day. The result is as follows; 1. In the Cost Function Mode, (the number of beds)$^{2}$, the number of personnel, productivity and training institutions are the factors that statisticaly influence the mean expenses. 2. By the univariate analysis the mean expense proved to be the smallest as the level of 150-200bed, The breaked down of the components of expenses shows that the mean labor cost is much different from the mean value of material and administration costs, and that hospital with 150-200 beds also have the minimal expense. The mean expense goes up dramatically in hospitals of 450 beds or more. 3. When the other conditions are constant, according to the multiple regression analysis of the mean expense per adjusted hospitalization day the minimum optimal size with the cheapest expense is a hospital with 191 beds and the hospital with 230 beds takes the lowest mean labor cost. The material or administration costs are not influenced by hospital size. This research has limitation in measuring the variables that influence hospital xpenses, in estimating hospital output by the number of beds in considering outpatient cost and in securing representativeness of hospitals because many hospitals made no responses to the research questionnare. But it is valuable and helpful for development of health policy to figure out the number of beds with the cheapest expense per hospitalization day.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권12호
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• pp.357-368
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• 2013

본 연구는 사회복지정책의 운용에 있어서 형평성뿐만 아니라 효율성에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있는 추세를 반영하여 공급측면에서의 생산구조, 즉 생산효율성, 규모의 경제 및 생산요소의 대체탄력성을 산정하여 사회복지지출이 소득증대에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 우리나라의 경우 사회복지지출이 경제성장에 긍정적으로 기여하기는 하지만 생산효율성이 낮기 때문에 사회복지지출이 경제적인 생산요소로 기능하기 위해서는 개선되어야 할 부분이 많은 것으로 분석되었다. 특히, 사회복지지출의 효율성이 주로 공공지출을 통해 달성되고, 민간지출의 효율성이 낮은 특성도 복지정책에서 고려해야 할 요인이다. 이런 현상은 민간지출의 운용체계가 공공지출의 시행체계에 비해 상대적으로 체계적이지 못한 것에 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 공공지출을 중심으로 복지정책을 수행하면서 민간부문의 사회복지 관련 운용체계를 확립하는 것이 시급하다 하겠다. 즉, 민간부문에서 단순하게 사회복지지출의 양적인 확대만을 하게 되면 생산측면으로부터 비효율성을 초래하게 될 것이다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.103-112
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• 2008

허브네트워크 설계는 네트워크 내에 전환점 역할을 수행하는 허브를 건설하여 허브에서의 분류, 환적, 집화 등의 과정을 통한 규모의 경제효과로 네트워크의 물류비용을 줄이는 물류정책과정이다. 이는 일반적으로 물류비용을 최소화하기 위한 최적 허브수 및 입지, 그리고 최적 수송경로를 결정하는 것이 목적으로 허브정책, 허브입지, 비허브의 허브할당, 할인율 등의 특성으로 인하여 최적해의 도출이 어려운 NP-Hard문제이다. 본 연구에서는 기 형성된 네트워크 구조에서 수송량 증가에 따른 규모의 경제효과로서 나타나는 비용할인을 반영할 수 있는 Hornor and O'kelly (2001)를 살펴보고, 이를 근간으로 우리나라 전국 도로네트워크를 대상으로 할 인율에 따른 허브가능입지 및 수송경로 변화를 검토하였다. 본 연구는 링크중심의 도로네트워크 경로탐색과 같은 공학적인 접근을 통하여 대규모 도로네트워크와 수송자료를 이용하여 합리적인 시간 내에 최적해를 도출할 수 있는 방법론을 적용하여 우리나라에 적합한 허브네트워크를 제시한다는 점에서 의의가 있다. 나아가, 글로벌 경쟁화로 인한 범세계적 물류 네트워크에서 물류비용절감을 통해 국가 경쟁력을 확보하도록 하는 화물정책적 측면에서 기여할 것으로 판단된다.