• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.1-38
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• 2013

본 연구는 공공부문과 민간투자사업자를 포함한 일반균형모형을 사용하여 재정사업과 BTL 민간투자사업의 후생 차이를 비교 분석한다. 다른 모든 조건이 동일할 때 정부가 세입 세출을 동일하게 유지해야 한다고 가정할 경우, 민간투자사업하에서의 국민경제 후생수준이 재정사업하에서의 후생수준보다 높은 것으로 나타난다. 정부가 균형재정의 제약을 회피할 목적으로 민간투자사업을 무리하게 추진하는 경우 미래의 임대료가 모두 부채로 간주되기 때문에 상당한 사회적 비용이 초래될 수 있음을 명시적으로 보인다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.2042-2048
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• 2014

In medium voltage electrical distribution networks, reforming the loss reduction is important, and in line with this, the issue of system engineering and use of proper equipment Expansion of distribution systems results in higher system losses and poor voltage regulation. Therefore, an efficient and effective distribution system has become more important. So, proper selection of conductors in the distribution system is crucial as it determines the current density and the resistance of the line. Evaluation of aging conductors for losses and costs imposed in addition to the careful planning of technical and economic networks can be identified in the network design. In this paper the use of imperialist competitive algorithm; genetic algorithm; is proposed to optimal branch conductor selection and reconstruction in radial distribution systems planning. The objective is to minimize the overall cost of annual energy losses and depreciation on the cost of conductors to improve productivity given the maximum current carrying capacity and acceptable voltage levels. Simulations are carried out on 69-bus radial distribution network using genetic algorithm approaches to show the accuracy as well as the efficiency of the proposed solution technique.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.229-243
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• 2009

The content industries environment has been undergoing significant changes due to rapid technological innovation and content market expansion. Interest in the industry is growing fast both in Asia and Europe. However, in Japan content industries are showing almost zero growth with no increase in overseas expansion. Until now, Japanese content industries have been able to grow based on domestic demands. Many different factors contributed to today's zero growth in Japanese content industries. Two main reasons are: 1) Their lack of interest in overseas expansion and 2) Insufficient investment in domestic human resources development. Considerable amounts of Japanese contents including films, music, games, and animations have been distributed in many Asian countries and today piracy problems in the region are at a serious level. According to 2004 records pirated editions accounted for 85%, 16%, 19%, and 36% in China, Korea, Hong Kong, and Taiwan respectively. Pirated editions bring economic losses to Japanese copyright profits. Making it worse, they weaken the motivation to create content and make it hard to activate cultural exchanges. Losses from copyright violations in Japanese content industries are expected to keep increasing in the future. In order to make Japan competitive and grow it is crucial to take proper measures to protect copyright infringements. This study considers the current situation of the Japanese content market, infringement issues in content which is causing many problems in Asian countries, including China, and facts about losses caused by this problem.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 추계학술발표회논문집(1)
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• pp.409-414
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• 1996

A model to estimate economic consequence of severe accident provides some measure of the impact on the accident and enables to know the different effects of the accident described as same terms of cost and combined as necessary. Techniques to assess the consequences of accidents in terms of cost have many applications, for instance in examining countermeasure options, as part of either emergency planning or decision making after an accident. In this study, a model to estimate the accident economic consequence is developed appropriate to our country focused on PWR accident costs from a societal viewpoint. Societal costs are estimated by accounting for losses that directly affect the plant licensee, the public, the nuclear industry, or the electric utility industry after PWR accident.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.195-208
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• 2008

In an emergency management case, evaluating the economic value of information technology investments is a challenging problem due to the effects of decision making, uncertainty of disasters, and difficulty of measurements. Risk assessment and recovery process, one of the major functions in emergency management, consists of (1) measurement of damages or losses, (2) recovery planning, (3) reporting and approving budgets, (4) auctioning off recovery projects to constructors, and (5) construction for the recovery. Specifically and of our interest, measurement of damages or losses is often a costly and time-consuming process because the wide range of field surveys should be performed by a limited pool of trained agents. Managers, therefore, have to balance accuracy of the field survey against the total time to complete the survey. Using information technologies to support field survey and reporting has great potential to reduce errors and lowers the cost of the process. However, existing cost benefit analysis framework may be problematic to evaluate and justify the IT investment because the cost benefit analysis often include the long-run benefit of IT that is difficult to quantify and overlook the impact of managerial control upon the investment outcomes. Therefore, we present an alternative cost-centric control model that conservatively quantifies all cost savings to replace benefits in cost benefit analysis and incorporate the managerial control. The model provides a framework to examine how managerial decision making and uncertainty of disaster affect the economic value of IT investments. The current project in Emergency Agency in South Korea is introduced as a case to apply the cost-centric control model. Our work helps managers to better evaluate and justify IT-related investment alternatives in emergency management.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1181-1212
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• 2016

Fragility and loss functions are developed to predict damage and economic losses due to earthquake loading in Reinforced Concrete (RC) structural components with smooth rebars. The attention is focused on external/internal beam-column joints and ductile/brittle weak columns, designed for gravity loads only, using low-strength concrete and plain steel reinforcing bars. First, a number of damage states are proposed and linked deterministically with commonly employed methods of repair and related activities. Results from previous experimental studies are used to develop empirical relationships between damage states and engineering demand parameters, such as interstory and column drift ratios. Probability distributions are fit to the empirical data and the associated statistical parameters are evaluated using statistical methods. Repair costs for damaged RC components are then estimated based on detailed quantity survey of a number of pre-70 RC buildings, using Italian costing manuals. Finally, loss functions are derived to predict the level of monetary losses to individual RC components as a function of the experienced response demand.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2001년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1676-1678
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• 2001

In general, power demand is on an increasing trend as industries have made rapid strides. Power transformer is the most important equipment in substation for this reason. Transformer trobles go with blackout, expensive repair costs and huge economic losses. Therefore it is important to find the quick detection of incipient fault for the least losses. There have been gas, partial discharge, temperature, OLTC, fan and pump diagnosis for preventive techniques by present. Specially gas analysis has been adapted for a long time and proved as confident method. In this paper, we analysed the fault causes of used power transformer. The insulation faults was occupied 40% of inquired 152 faults from 1991 to 2000. This study presents the developed algorithm and expert system for finding abnormal status within transformer. We used the Element Expert tool developed Neuron DATA Inc.

• Computational Structural Engineering : An International Journal
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2002

Cost-effectiveness in design is considered for determining the target reliability of concrete bridges under seismic actions. This objective can be achieved based on the economic optimization of the expected life-cycle cost of a bridge, which includes initial cost, direct losses, and indirect losses of a bridge due to strong earthquakes over its lifetime. A separating factor is defined to consider the redundancy of a transportation network. The Park-Ang damage model is employed to define the damage of a bridge under seismic action, and a Monte Carlo method based on the DRAIN-2DX program is developed to assess the failure probability of a bridge. The results for an example bridge analyzed in this paper show that the optimal target failure probability depends on the traffic volume carried by the bridge and is between 1.0×10/sup -3/ to 3.0×10/sup -3/ over a life of 50 years.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.249-256
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• 1999

This study is intended to propose a systematic procedure for the development of the reliability-based seismic safety and cost-effective Performance criteria for design and upgrading of long span PC bridges. In the paper, a set of cost function models for life cycle cost analysis of bridges is proposed. The total life cycle cost functions consist of initial cost and direct/indirect damage costs considering repair/replacement costs, human losses and property damage costs, road user costs, and indirect regional economic losses. The damage costs are successfully expressed in terms of Park-Ang median global damage indices and damage probabilities. The proposed approach is successfully applied to model bridges in both regions of a moderate seismicity area like Seoul, Korea and a high one like Tokyo, Japan. It may be expected that the proposed approach can be effectively utilized for the development of cost-effective performance criteria for design and upgrading of various types of bridges as well as long span PC bridges.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2010년도 정기 학술발표대회
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• pp.16-24
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• 2010

This paper introduces the applications of Taiwan Earthquake Loss Estimation System (TELES), which is developed by the National Center for Research on Earthquake Engineering (NCREE). Seismic disaster simulation technology (SDST) integrates geographical information system to assess the distribution of ground shaking intensity, ground failure probability, building damages, casualties, post-quake fires, debris, lifeline interruptions, economic losses, etc. given any set of seismic source parameters. The SDST may integrate with Taiwan Rapid Earthquake Information Release System (TREIRS) developed by Central Weather Bureau (CWB) to obtain valuable information soon after large earthquakes and to assist in decision-making processes to dispatch rescue and medical resources more efficiently. The SDST may also integrate with probabilistic seismic source model to evaluate various kinds of risk estimates, such as average annual loss, probable maximum loss in one event, and exceeding probability curves of various kinds of losses, to help proposing feasible countermeasures and risk management strategies.