• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2214-2223
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• 2016

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can recognize conserved molecular patterns and initiate a wide range of innate and adaptive immune responses against invading infectious agents. The aim of this study was to assess the transcript profile of mink TLRs (mTLRs) in mink peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and a range of tissues, and to explore the potential role of mTLRs in the antiviral immune response process. The results indicated that the mTLR partial nucleotide sequences had a high degree of nucleotide identity with ferret sequences (95-98%). Phylogenetic analysis showed that mammalian TLRs grouped into five TLR families, with a closer relationship of the mTLRs with those of ferret than the other mammalian sequences. Moreover, all the mTLRs were ubiquitously expressed in lymphoid organs (spleen and lymph nodes) and PBMCs. Interestingly, the mTLR expression patterns in lung, uterus, and heart showed quite a lot of similarity. Another remarkable observation was the wide expression of mTLR1-3 mRNAs in all tissues. Among the analyzed tissues, skeletal muscle was revealed to being the lowest repertoire of mTLR expression. Additionally, mink PBMCs exposed to the canine distemper virus revealed significant upregulation of mTLR2, mTLR4, mTLR7, and mTLR8 mRNAs, indicating that mTLRs have a role in innate immunity in the mink. Collectively, our results are the first to establish the basic expression patterns of mTLRs and the relationship between mTLRs and a virus, which will contribute to better understanding of the evolution and the functions of mTLRs in the innate immune system in minks.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2014

Recently, there have been increasing attempts to pursue and express feelings such as sensibilities, emotions, and impressiveness in commercial spaces. One of such methods is to apply 'storytelling' to space designs. Applicability of storytelling to a space suggests that the contents of a space can be expressed through various mediums. Portraying events and situations through a single time continuity of a story is referred to as 'narrative'. The movement of users and sequence of contents are determined by a narrative. It provides different storytelling and a sense of place to each space through various roles, such as wide association, engraving, and image formation. A narrative can lead users to engage in different perceptions and behaviors even in spaces with the same content. Thus, this study is intended to examine the impact of space marketing in line with design narratives, assuming that narratives of commercial space designs will influence the formation of brand identity. The research methods are as follows. First, the definition of narratives in space design was established by examining narrative architectures. Second, design analysis tools for commercial spaces were established from the perspective of narratives through preceding studies. Third, the design narratives of different shops under the same brand were comparatively analyzed through a case study. To carry out a case study, a commercial space of 'O'sulloc' was selected, and its brand identity was studied from the narrative standpoint. The case study involved interior designs of 7 road shops of 'O'sulloc.' Among the 7 road shops, two of them with the biggest difference in design narratives were selected, and an observation survey was done on the users as a second analysis. Through the observation survey, actual design narrative experience was analyzed in 4 steps of introduction, development, turn, and conclusion. The findings are as follows. The design method of each shop varied, and different design elements were emphasized. Among various elements, the ones that reflect the brand identity of 'O'sulloc' the best were logo, product, and shape. During the process of narratives, the characteristics of each shop and user recognition and behavior varied depending on the degree of emphasis on a particular element. It suggests that space design narratives can influence the formation of brand identity. This study provides ideal directions of developing space designs necessary for forming brand identity from the standpoint of Korean traditional culture modernization. Future studies could discuss the economic feasibility of such designs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.345-353
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• 2021

This study examined the effects of social capital on psychological identity and practical wellbeing for the Korean baby boom generation. To achieve this, an empirical survey was carried out on baby boomers who use elderly welfare centers and cultural centers living in D City. The overall research results showed that trust (t=6.893, p<.05), participation (t=5.157, p<.05), network (t=8.093, p<.05), and norm and reciprocity (t=4.787, p<.05), as sub-factors of social capital for baby boomers, had a significant effect on their practical wellbeing. Psychological identity was moderated (t=2.023, p<.05) in the effect of trust on practical wellbeing, adopting the hypothesis. This means that the social ties and the strong trust relationship between family members and relatives, which built up amid rapid economic growth, work with positive expectations of social capital and have a major effect on practical wellbeing. Moreover, practical welling also rated high, along with the high trust relationship and psychological identity. Consequently, various exchange programs and group and volunteer activity programs for baby boomers should be established to decrease their psychological identity due to the loss of social roles. Moreover, the decline of activities at a time of retirement can slow practical wellbeing.

• Archives of design research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2000

Industrialization and Urbanization have given rise to ill effects in areas sudl as standardization and simplification. As a result, eadl area has developed abnormally losing its own uniqueness. During globalization and localization in country, the diverse economic cultural activities adopting the area,s uniqueness are the starting point for development and widening its identity. Excavating and developing local cultural industries are urgent considering the importance of economic profits not having environmental problems. Factors identifying an area's characteristics may be dassified as formation works of urban identity, landscape design. cultural industry, developing local areas, etc. This study was a concrete approadl to compose and analyze domestic and foreign cases factors. For practical analysis and application on the Ulsan,s characteristics from a design point of view, way of local development and cultural industry in Ulsan have been researdled.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.613-626
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• 2009

This research examines the effect of the place marketing image in the Insadong Cultural District as a tourism destination on the foreign tourists' satisfaction and intention to revisit. The result of the factor analysis revealed thirty attributes of the place that are important to tourist and that could be clustered into four major factors: 'identity', 'attractive things and quality of life', 'cultural sights and economy', and 'city improvements'. 'Attractive things and quality of life', 'cultural sights and economy' and 'city improvements' are the three factors that are significant in the relationship between the place marketing image and type of visit. On the relationship between place marketing image and tourist nationality the only significant factor was 'attractive things and quality of life'. In the relationship between place marketing image and satisfaction, the significant factors were: 'identity', 'cultural sights and economy', and 'city improvements', while the relationship between place marketing image and intention to revisit have 'attractive things and quality of life', 'cultural sights and economy', and 'city improvements' as significant factors.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.69-93
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• 2020

The paper is to compare two villages in Songak-myeon, Asan, Cnungnam Province in Korea. It tries to show how the joint village project, which began with the support of the same external organization, produces different results depending on the internal conditions and circumstances of the village. From the end of the 1990s, Pyeongchon-ri and Sugok-ri started developing villages under the influence of the environmentally friendly farming movement. And subsequent supports were provided by local organizations for the development of the village. However, the village project in Sugok-ri, which focused on economic performance, later turned out to be a failure, and the residents changed to pursue activities for their own economic interests individually. On the other hand, In Pyeongchon-ri, the cooperation among villagers was strengthened in implementing support projects by similar external agencies. In addition, community ties and identity have been strengthened as problems have been solved through cooperation among residents in the process of promoting the village project. Nevertheless, projects undertaken in Pyeongchon-ri for the purpose of increasing economic performance was all failed. Through these findings, the paper asserts that the neo-endogenous development approach utilizing external support on the basis of internal cooperative network among villagers must be a very useful method for rural development in contemporary societies.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.31
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• pp.7-33
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• 2013

The ultimate goal of women's studies and feminist critics is to improve the understanding on women and recognize women's values. When we examine the Korean women's history on the viewpoint of gender, we can find that the gender role is not fixed. We do not have any proofs that there are any kinds of gaps between women and men in ability and temperament. All of women's identity and subjectivity in status and activities was not insignificant. Especially women's subjectivity in high social standing was superior. The women's activities in economic area were energetically. The productive activities were lively, too. The patrilineal decent is usual in Chana though China is in the same Confucianism cultural area. But patrilineal and matrilineal decent were popular used until the early days in Chosun Dynasty. Only sons can be inherited father's estate in China but it's not in our country. Also the patriarch had the economic power in family in China but the housewives had the power in ours. The feminism has been making efforts for the equality of sexes and the dismantling of the patriarchal sex role for a long time. Every feminist activities included feminist theory and cultural criticism has the goal to increase women's liberty and equality and change the world. This study to understand the historical substance of Korean women is on the way, too.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.35
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• pp.281-292
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• 1997

Tatan is a symbol of kinship and belonging in Scotland and a badge of identity recognized all over the world. Alongside the powerful historical and national resonance to Tartan for Scots it has been borrowed repeatedly by fashion. The pattern compositionof Tartan check is formed as a typical cross stripes that vertical line and hrizontal line meets rectangulary. And its color is much various and rich than other check pattern. So its magnificient spec-tacle that various all kinds of colors is dyed in cloth is second to name. Today we are as likely to meet tartan in a couturier dress as in a kilt or plaid. Tartan is distinctive in colour style and de-sign. It conveys personality ceremony and drama. All these aspects of its character have contributed to tartan being one of the best-known and best-loved fabrics in the world. In other parts of Europe traditional checked patterns declined and disappeared but in Scotland tartan survived strongly jist as the bagpipes also European flourished Due to geographical and cultural circumstances Scots were able to develop and enhance tartan and its remarkable individuality ensured its sur-vival in spite of adverse political and economic pressures. Tartan has been adopted as the national dress of all Scots. Lowland and High-land providing a powerful form of national cultural and personal identity. Whether tra-ditional or a recent creation whether tra-ditional or a recent creation whether a symbol of nationality or a substitute for nationhood tartan is no mean achievement.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.161-187
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• 2016

Kuwaitis faced with as serious problems with respect to quality and equity in education. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the Kuwaiti education in the 21 century knowledge society. It has its own problems and limits in addition to future possibilities. Adopting comparative approaches and idiographic methodology together, investigators firstly examines the Kuwaiti education in terms of political, economic, educational, and international aspects. In addition, we investigators outlined Kuwaiti education in its cultural identity. Necessary measures and policy recommendations were drawn finally according to the analysis.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.583-591
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• 2020

Employability has recently become the first target of the national higher education. Its model has been updated to catch the new trend of Industry 4.0. This paper aims at analyzing and ranking the determinants of undergraduate employability, focusing on business and economics majors in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. In-depth interviews with content analysis have been primarily conducted to reach an agreement on a key group of factors: human capital, social capital, and identity. The Stochastic Fractal Search Algorithm (SFSA) is then applied to rank the sub-factors. Human capital is composed of three major elements: attitude, skill, and knowledge. Social capital is approached at both structural and cognitive aspects with three typical types: bonding, bridging, and linking. The analysis has confirmed the change of priority in employability determinants. Human capital is still a driver but the priority of attitude has been confirmed in the contemporary context. Then, social capital with the important order of linking, bridging, and bonding is emphasized. Skill, knowledge, and identity share the least weight in the model. It is noted that identity is newly proposed in the model but a certain role has been found. The findings are crucial for education strategies to enhance university graduate employability.