• Solar Energy
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1982

Aim of this study was to obtain the heating performance and the economic evaluation on solar heating system for greenhouse which area of floor was $90m^2$. For heating performance effective solar energy for the greenhouse was compared with overall heating loads including coefficient of heat transfer and conduction. And the economic evaluation solar heating system was evaluated by comparison its initial investiment costing with oil saving cost. Initial investiment costing included collector cost, storage cost, piping cost, control system cost and miscellaneous costs which included pumps, motors etc. The contents of this study included the survey of climate conditions for solar heating, long-term collector performance and optimum collector area of solar heating system in existing greenhouse. The results are follows: 1. Average horizontal radiation during winter was $2,434Kcal/m^2$ day which was the highest value in this country, so the climate conditions of Suwon was suitable for solar heating. 2. Resulting calculation of the optimum collector area was $30m^2$ and the solar energy accounted for 30% of the overall heating load. 3. The capacity of storage tank required 60 liter per unit area ($m^2$) of solar collector.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.325-349
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• 2004

This paper tried to evaluate an economic analysis about research and development far areas of renewable resource in Korea. To evaluate this validity, we tried to calculate the spillover effect of R＆D investment through input-output table. In the first stage of spillover effect, we simply calculate the rate of return on R＆D investment for renewable energy resources in Korea through the input-output model, which can calculate the value added as well as output based upon the price of 2000 year. According to the first stage calculation, the rate of return on R＆B investment in solar heat is higher than any other renewable energy. In the second stage we tried to calculate the second round of spill over effect, which derives from the additional amount of supply of renewable resources due to the R＆D investment. The overall evaluation of R＆D invesment including the first stage as well as second stage spillover effect shows that bio-energy and waste energy generate 14 times as well as 2.5 times in the rate of return respectively.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.132-141
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• 2011

Australia has joined many governments to adopt public-private partnership (PPP) as a major strategy for procuring infrastructure for decades. However, failures have occurred although the market has been considered to be a mature and sophisticated one. Failures have typically been traced back to inappropriate economic evaluation and a lack of value-for-money. In particular, a literature review has identified that there was no holistic consideration on the evaluation of procurement transactions of PPP projects. The transaction costs of PPPs were not handled properly. In this paper, theories of transaction cost economics are proposed for the purpose of such a holistic institutional economic evaluation. These theories are analysed in order to identify potential critical success factors for a strategic infrastructure procurement framework. The potential critical success factors are identified and grouped into a number of categories that match the theories of transaction cost economics. These categories include (1) Asset Specificity, (2) Organizational Capability, (3) Transaction Frequency, (4) Behavioural Uncertainty, and (5) Environmental Uncertainty. These potential critical success factors may be subject to an empirical test in the future. The proposed framework will offer decision makers with an insight into project life cycle economic outcomes needed to successfully deliver PPPs.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.73-80
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• 2013

Purpose - As the smart-phone market adds new technologies and introduces new marketing trends, competition among companies is getting fierce. Now, smart-phone companies need to pay attention not only to attaining new customers but also to retaining customers, which means managing relationships to prevent customer defection. Therefore, how to satisfy customer needs and maintain long-term relations are both important to make consistent progress in the rapidly changing smart-phone market. To illustrate this point, the study focuses on analyzing the effects of consumption value on relational factors and buying intentions among smart-phone users. First, consumption value was divided into functional, economic, and emotional values. After that, the effects of these values on satisfaction and brand trust were confirmed. Additionally, effects of satisfaction and brand trust on repurchase intention were analyzed. Research design, data, and methodology - The data was collected in a self-administered survey among 270 undergraduate students, using smart-phones between June 4th-12th, 2012. A total of 257 questionnaires were collected and used for the data analysis. A path analysis based on Lisrel 8.54 was used for the hypothesis test. Consumption value was divided into functional, economic, and emotional values. Subsequently, the effects of these values on satisfaction and trust in the brand were confirmed. Additionally, the effects of satisfaction and trust in the brand on repurchase intention were analyzed. Results - First, functional value, economic value, and emotional value - especially emotional value - were revealed to have positive effects on satisfaction. Second, emotional value was shown to have positive effects on brand trust, while functional and economic values did not. Third, satisfaction had positive effects on brand trust. In considering the relative influence on brand trust, satisfaction was the most crucial factor. It is clear that in the evaluation of the direct experience, using the product or the service plays an important role in building brand trust. Fourth, satisfaction and brand trust positively influenced repurchase intention. This indicates that both factors must be achieved to induce the repurchase Intention among customers. Conclusions - One can see that the enjoyable emotions consumers feel while using smart-phones is the most important factor in increasing levels of satisfaction. Moreover, this indicates that consumers pursue economic desires along with convenient functions in order to reduce opportunity costs. Additionally, consumers are affected by psychological and emotional messages in building trust, rather than practical and rational ones. Thus, in order to appeal to young clients as an attractive brand in the smart-phone market, approaching customers with an emotional value is recommended. In addition, in order for the brand to gain trust, the overall experience the consumer feels while using smart phones should be maximized. After all, one must fulfill the consumers' desire for a new experience and show a willingness to faithfully accomplish the responsibility of the brand to strengthen relationships with customers in the smart-phone market.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.8-15
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• 2009

In this paper, a new demand-side evaluation for the technical potential of lighting dimming control and its applications in electricity markets have been presented. The California standard practice test has been widely used to estimate the economic value of demand-side resources. However, as the advent of deregulation and restructuring of power industry, the California test has been facing some limitations to adopt in the new market environments. In particular the conventional DC test is appropriate for the traditional vertically integrated utility, not for the restructured unbundled utility. Thus, this paper presents a new method to evaluate the economic value of demand-side resource, especially of controllable lighting dimming resource in terms of the energy service provider in market environments. We, therefore, first estimate the technical potential of the lighting dimming control and evaluate the value of the lighting dimming control based on the Korean electricity market data in 2006. The study result shows that the lighting dimming control is a cost effective option for the energy service provider.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.171-178
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• 2016

Extensive efforts from all over the world have been made to solve energy problems, such as high oil prices, global warning due to the depletion of oil. Among them, biofuel has been drawing attention as a clean energy, which can replace fossil fuels. However, conventional biofuels were often converted from eatable biomass such as sugar cane, corn and soy which should be replaced with uneatable biomass. In this study, a techno-economical evaluation of the gasification of biomass waste with mixed alcohol synthesis process was performed. Considering available domestic biomass wastes, a 2000 ton/day conversion plant were assumed to produce 533000 L/day ethanol. Also, financial data from previous studies were evaluated and used and economical sensitivities with various operation conditions were established. Economic analysis were conducted by the payback period and internal rate of return (IRR) and net present value (NPV). Sensitivity analyses of raw material costs, initial investment, the major process cost, ethanol price changes and operating costs were all performed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 1997

Modem biotechnology, specifically for the use of recombinant DNA(rDNA), has brought about a revolution in our ability to control and use life forms. Most of the world's leading countries view biotechnology as the key scientific and industrial discipline for the 21st century and are making all - out efforts for scientific and technological advance in the related fields. The impact of biotechnology on the nation's economy has been growing explosively as such diverse industries invested increasingly on the fruits of biotechnological research. However, such an impact could only be realized through concerted endeavours from the government to private sectors for guarantee of the successful technological advances in this scientific area. There are risks associated with every technology; the classical application of biotechnology has not been exempt. For example, the introduction of bio-tech to agriculture might be destroied the ecosystems. Therefore, to increase the research budgets by the government and private sectors, we need to identify the public attitudes and preference on the acceptance of bio-technology and on the potential economic value of it. For the study, we surveied 959 persons including students enrolled in college of agriculture, Chungnam National University. And to measure the economic value of biotechnology, we use the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM) which is considered as the new approaching method in the bio-technology field.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.431-449
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• 2015

Motivated by the finding that place names are highly capable of acting as one of the most conspicuous brands in the economy, this study has explored the essential nature of the brand value of place names and has suggested possible methodology to evaluate this value. As the place name brand has multidimensional elements mirroring the attributes of place, its understanding should be framed in terms both of users of place names as a subject and of place as an object. In order to evaluate the brand value of place names, the possibility of adopting the concept of customer-based brand equity, which is centered on the perception and assessment of customers, has been reviewed and more detailed items of evaluation have been addressed. A few future research topics are suggested: the nature of brand value; its relevance to place identity; the influence of place marketing; the significance of exposing place names to the public; the effect of geographic indication on brand value; delineating the spatial boundary of geographic indication items.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

In this paper, the offshore wind farms have been designed by using WindPRO with the help of real wind data measurements at Jeju Costal area by calculating the annual energy production for exact economic evaluation. In order to achieve benefit of wind farm, the annual revenue for power generation have been calculated with SMP and REC value. And construction cost has derived from the real wind farm project case. Also O&M cost has been estimated by OMCE (Operating & Maintenance Cost Estimator) to get accurate cost of wind farm. Economic evaluation of wind farms have been performed by comparing above parameters. In addition, sensitivity analysis calculating the effect of these factors has also been carried out.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.14 no.3 s.43
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• pp.167-172
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• 2005

This paper presents a methodology to support decision making for distribution system planning based on value. To evaluate the reliability value, we employ valued-based distribution reliability assessment. To evaluate the harmonics value, we employ a marginal pricing method, and by using reliability cost, harmonics cost, and construction cost, we can make the most economic decision. By applying the method to the real system, we show this method can get the best result which meet reliability and harmonics level.