• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.117-126
• /
• 2008

The study identifies gender stereotypes, examines the level of women's economic empowerment at the household level and explores the influence of factors on it. Data were collected from 159 randomly selected farm women using both qualitative and quantitative survey methods between January and March 2007 from three villages of the Mymensingh District of Bangladesh. Four key informants (2 local leaders and 2 development personnel) were questioned to elicit views in the light of boosting women's empowerment. Five constructs of empowerment covering 30 indicators were aggregated together to develop a cumulative economic empowerment index (CEEI) to obtain multidimensional views of women's empowerment. The findings show that there were some prejudices against women in allocating divisions of labour and access to education, food, property, decision-making and institutions. The distribution of the CEEI demonstrates that the majority of the respondents (86%) had a low to moderate level of empowerment. A multiple regression analysis showed positive significant effects of education, training, media contact and freedom of mobility on women's CEEI, while domestic abuse restrained it. It is concluded that interventions by development agencies in co-ordination with the local community was necessary to attain women's self-reliance in the study area. Development actors can undertake some core strategies to enhance women's level of awarencess, knowledge, skills, and productive resources through providing training, loans, and information. To change traditional beliefs, it is important to create awareness of various gender issues amongst rural people through different methods and media.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.7 no.10
• /
• pp.999-1006
• /
• 2020

This study provides an understanding of the role of job satisfaction as a mediator of compensation and workplace environments for the organizational commitment of employees in the public sector. This study used a structural model using path analysis. The population and sample in this study were all employees at the Population and Civil Registry Office of one of the districts in Indonesia. The sampling technique used was total sampling, due to the considerably smaller amount of the sample size. This study found that compensation and workplace environment could explain job satisfaction variables with a 93.8% confidence level and simultaneously compensation, workplace environment, and job satisfaction that could explain organizational commitment with a variable of 97.4%. This findings also shows that the manifest bonus variable on the latent compensation variable is one of the main indicators that needs to improve to increase job satisfaction and organizational commitment. One of the important things which needs to be done is to increase compensation. The first thing which needs to be done is to increase the bonus. Furthermore, to improve the quality of the workplace environment, facilities, and infrastructure such as stable internet connections, computer specifications are the important criteria that must be met.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.52-64
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of macroeconomic variables on air passenger demand and provide useful information to airport managers and policymakers. Therefore, using the quarterly macroeconomic indicators from 2002 to 2017, the relationship with air passenger demand was demonstrated by multiple regression analysis. In the previous studies, they used GDP, Korea Treasury Bond, KOSPI index, USD/KRW Exchange Rate, and WTI Crude Oil Price variables. In this study, we used the Coincident Composite Index, Employment Rate, Consumer Sentiment Index, and Private Consumption Rate used as additional variables. It has confirmed that if the consumption of research results expands or the economic environment is right, it will affect the increase in international passengers. In other words, it confirmed that the overall economic situation acts as the main factor determining air passenger demand. It confirmed that the economic environment at the past has a significant impact on air passenger demand.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.1045-1052
• /
• 2021

The main purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between financial inclusion and socio-economic and demographic factors. Ownership of bank accounts, availing of credit facility, and use of mobile banking were considered the major indicators of financial inclusion. To achieved this objective, the present study was conducted in the rural regions of three hill districts of Uttarakhand. 780 rural households were selected by using stratified and judgment sampling technique. To measure the association between the variables, binary logistic regression model was employed. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant association of socio-economic variables with financial inclusion. The overall analysis of the study indicates that the likelihood of having bank account, usage of mobile banking facility, and availing credit facility increases with the increase in the financial literacy of an individual in hill rural regions of the state. Further, the study also indicates the vulnerability of women relative to that of men in both cases of mobile usage and availing credit. The findings of the study suggest to target the economically vulnerable section of population (as identified in case of having low financial inclusion) and enhancing the financial literacy in these regions.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.33-71
• /
• 2021

Many different approaches and databases have been developed for the evaluation of non-tariff measures (NTMs) and free trade agreements (FTAs). This paper is devoted to the EU-South Korea agreement, which is the first 'second-generation' FTA of the EU, addressing a wide array of non-tariff policies. We review the evolution of NTM types applicable to the EU-South Korea trade relationship and the role of NTMs in ex-ante and ex-post analyses of the agreement. Subsequently a structural gravity model is employed to assess the value added of information on different aspects of FTAs and types of NTMs by evaluating their ability to predict the trade effects of the EU-South Korea FTA. Our results show that, when accounting for information on the components common in modern deep trade agreements, no additional trade effect is attributable to the EU-South Korea FTA. The evolution of NTMs differs considerably across indicators used, but trade predictions are hardly affected. Most specifications point towards a negative effect of bilateral differences in the number of technical barriers to trade (TBT) applied and sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS) against which trading partners issued complaints at the WTO.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
• /
• 2022.06a
• /
• pp.1017-1023
• /
• 2022

Past research shows that the construction of new infrastructure accelerates economic growth in the region by attracting more people and commodities. However, the previous studies only considered large-scale infrastructures such as sea-cross bridges and channel tunnels. There is a paucity of literature on regional infrastructure and its impact on socio-economic indicators. This paper explores the impact of new bridge construction on the human population, particularly focusing on regional bridges constructed during the 2000s in the state of Georgia. The human population at a county level was selected as a single socio-economic factor to be evaluated. A total of 124 cases were investigated as to whether the emergence of a new bridge affected the population change. The interrupted time series analysis was used to statistically examine the significance of population change due to the construction by treating each new bridge as an intervention event. The results show that, out of the 124 cases, the population of 67 cases significantly increased after the bridge construction, while the population of 57 cases was not affected by the construction at a significance level of 0.05. The 124 cases were also analyzed by route type, functional class, and traffic volume, but the results revealed, unlike large-scale infrastructure, that no clear evidence was found that a new bridge would bring an increase in the human population at a county level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.14-28
• /
• 2017

Currently, the object of conservation in heritage conservation is defined as "the value of the heritage" and the value-based management plan has been introduced. Most of traditional temples in korea have been sustained over 1000 years, which make them mixed heritages, including cultural, religious and natural heritages. Therefore, traditional temples should be managed by value-based management plans. This article aims to develop the values and assessment indicators of traditional temple areas and to evaluate the importances of the values and indicators, in order to prepare the basic materials for conserving the values of traditional temples. This study used the diverse research methods such as literature review, in-situ survey, in-depth interview, focus group interview, questionnaire survey. The results showed that the identified values and assessment indicators of traditional temple area were defined as three classes: high class value was consisted of intrinsic value and use value, middle class values were 10 (5 for intrinsic and 5 for use value). 5 middle class values belonging to the intrinsic value were religious/humanity, historical, cultural, environmental/ecological, landscape values. 5 values constituting the use value were social, educational, therapeutic, recreational, and economic values. As a low class, 102 assessment indicators were identified. 60 participants (30 buddhism people, 30 KNPS people) evaluated the importances of the developed values and indicators, using the pairewise comparison for the values and the interval scale for the indicators. It was found that both groups evaluated the use value more important than the intrinsic value and that religious/humanity, landscape, environmental/ecological, economic, recreational values were evaluated more important than the other middle class values. It was also revealed that the two groups were different in their assessments of the indicators. Based on the results, some suggestions were made to improve the management of the traditional temple areas.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.12
• /
• pp.45-52
• /
• 2021

The article proves the relevance of developing conceptual frameworks for managing the quality assurance of logistics activities in the context of socio-economic interaction of their participants. It is established that the fundamental difference of the logistic approach in management from traditional approaches is the allocation of a single management function of previously separated, disparate material flows, as well as economic, technological, information integration of chain links into a single system capable of effective management of these flows. It is substantiated that the functioning of the enterprise as a logistics system can be represented in the form of a triad of logistics components, namely: supply logistics, production logistics, sales logistics. Management of quality assurance processes of logistics activities in the context of socio-economic interaction of their participants is a functional component of the entire logistics system due to the quality of work and interaction of all participants in the implementation of certain activities. The quality of logistics activities will affect the level of economic potential, rationalization and optimization of all logistics flows. It is proved that the management of quality assurance processes of logistics activities in the context of socio-economic interaction of their participants involves the following main areas: the introduction of a quality system of logistics processes; development and implementation of the general strategy of quality improvement at the enterprise; internal integration; controlling. Management of quality assurance processes of logistics activities in the context of socio-economic interaction of its participants requires compliance with the following requirements: systematic and comprehensive management of all flow processes; coordination of criteria and indicators for assessing the effectiveness of the entire logistics system; dissemination of the use and application of information technology; ensuring partnerships and close interaction of all participants in sales networks.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.170-170
• /
• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2010

Marine oil spill accidents not only devastates marine ecosystem but also Ins significant adverse socio-economic impact on local community whose living is dependent on clean marine system Although the Marine Environment Management Act of the Republic of Korea stipulates tim marine pollution impact survey must be conducted at the time of the oil spill, the articles do not provide specifics or concrete survey items for socio-economic impact assessment Moreover, there are redundancy questions in the provisions related to socio-economic impact assessment. This paper examined several difficulties encountered in carrying out the socio-economic impact assessment for marine oil spill as required in the law, and presented some recommendation., for the plan to improve the assessment mechanism systematically through the development of the research categories and indicators of socio-economic impact assessment.