• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.595-603
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• 2010

This paper deals with an economic evaluation of domestic window type photoelectrochemical hydrogen production utilizing solar cells. We make some sensitivity analysis of hydrogen production prices by changing the values of input factors such as the initial capital cost, the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency, and the system duration time. The hydrogen production price of the window type photoelectrochemical system was estimated as 1,168,972 won/$kgH_2$. It is expected that hydrogen production cost can be reduced to 47,601 won/$kgH_2$ if the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency is increased to 14%, the system duration time is increased to 20,000 hours, and the initial capital cost is decreased to 25% of the current level. We also evaluate the hydrogen production cost of the water electrolysis using the electricity produced by solar cells. The corresponding hydrogen production cost was estimated as 37,838 won/$kgH_2$. The photoelectrochemical hydrogen production is evaluated as uneconomical at this time, and we need to enhance the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency and the system duration time as well as to reduce prices of the system facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2014

This study is to perform economic analysis of a PVT-GSHP (Photovoltaic Thermal-Ground Source Heat Pump) system compared to the conventional system which consists of a boiler and a chiller. This research has simulated, developed and analyzed four systems for application in a residential and an office building which was based on the hourly EPI (Energy Performance Index, $kWh/m^2yr$). Case 1 includes a boiler and a chiller to meet heating and cooling demands for a house. Case 2 is the same conventional system as Case 1 for a office. Case 3 is simple summation of Case 1 and 2. And Case 4 is utilizing a PVT-GSHP to meet the combined loads of the house and office. The economic evaluation study was based on IEA ECBCS Annex 54 subtasks C economic assessment methods. This study indicated that PVT-GSHP system can save a building's energy up to 53.9%. Also the SPB (Simple Payback) of the PVT-GSHP system with 0%, 50% initial incentive was 14.5, 6.7 year respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.449-454
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• 2000

Sustainable development has been the key concept, both in economic policies and in environmental management. On the basis of an systems ecology perspective, this suggests the sustainable development of Korea\`s natural environment and economic activity using the EMERGY evaluation. The total EMERGY use(7,730E20sej/yr) in Korea is 81 percent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. The ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources is already large, like other industrialized countries. Continued availability of purchased inputs at a favorable balance of EMERGY trade, currently about 2.85 to 1 net EMERGY, tis the basis for present economic activity and must decrease as the net EMERGY of purchased inputs including fossil fuels goes down. EMERGY yield ratio and environmental loading ratio were 1.23 and 20.30, respectively. The population level is already in excess of carrying capacity. Its carrying capacity for steady state on its renewable sources is only 2.2 million people, compared to 45.9 million in 1977. EMERGY sustainability index is therefore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. Until now the development of a country has been achieved by the economic growth, but it can be sustained in the long run by the use of renewable resource systems. the efficiency of energy usage, and the transformation of the social-economic structure based on an ecological-recycling concept.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.299-299
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• 2009

Impact evaluation은 현재 시행중이거나 과거에 시행된 프로그램이 국가나 평가대상에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 측정하는 평가 방법으로 경제적 상황이나 시장 트렌드와 같이 결과에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 외부효과를 제거하고 순수하게 프로그램만의 영향력을 산출한다. 이 방법은 원래 미국의 DOE(Department Of Energy)산하 EERE(Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy)에서 프로그램 평가를 위해 사용하는 General Program Evaluation Guide에서 언급된 5가지 평가방법 중 하나로 미국의 신재생에너지 프로그램 평가에 주로 사용된다. 이를 한국에 적용하기 위해 미국의 주택용 풍력보급 사업을 평가한 보고서인 Economic Development Impacts of Community wind Projects: A Review and Empirical Evaluation 을 분석 했다. 이 보고서에서는 I/O model을 이용해 직접적 영향력, 간접적 영향력, 유도된 영향력을 구했으며 이를 기존의 평가 보고서와 비교해서 시사점을 도출하였다.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2008

Safe, fast, efficient and effective railway is a main factor of economic development level of every country. This paper uses the DEA method to evaluate and compare the efficiency of 12 Regions of RAI. In addition, we introduce the reference(s) unit(s) for every inefficient region, and determine the amount of input decrease and/or output increase need to become them efficient. Findings indicate that in 2006, 4 regions of 12 are in Constant Return to Scale (CRS) status and 7 of them in Variable Return to Scale (VRS), and the average efficiency is 0.730 and 0.888, respectively. In other words, RAI works 27 percent under its capacity. More over results indicate that Hormozgan, Khorasan, Tehran and Isfahan Regions have the most efficiency respectively. The results show that the 8 regions, have been working in Increaser Return to Scale and 4 reminder Regions in Decrease Return to Scale. According to this results, we submit the suitable suggestion for improve the efficiency of the inefficient regions.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.600-603
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• 2005

U.S. National Research Council proposed benefits framework for energy R&D project as economic benefits, environmental benefits, security benefits and knowledge benefits. Following this framework, U.S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory evaluated the projected benefits of Federal Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Programs in the indicators of energy-expenditure savings, energy system cost savings, $CO_2$ emissions reductions. oil savings, natural gas saving and avoided additions to central conventional power. As this result, geothermal energy have predominant position in the energy-expenditure savings, natural gas saving and avoided addi t ions to central conventional power to FY2050. The projected benefits, in monetary value, of the whole supply-potential of geothermal energy in Korea were evaluated as 480.2 billion Won, 43.1 billion Won and 135.8 billion Won for the private energy-cost savings, social environmental-cost savings, and import energy-cost saving, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.14-21
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• 2009

The demand and installation for photovoltaic system(namely, PV) has grown steadily in Korea. However, the PV system has a various economic viability according to the PV system characteristic variables such as inverter efficiency, miscellaneous power conditioning losses, azimuth and slope of PV array, PV tracking mode, and so on. The other variables are the monthly consumed electric energy and economic related factor such as initial cost, government subsidy, maintenance cost, inflation rate, energy cost escalation rate, discount rate, etc. Therefore, this study is to present economic evaluation of PV system with those concerned factors by calculating internal rate of return, year-to-positive cash flow and net present value indices.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.47-48
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• 2012

In this study, the CO₂ emission and economic efficiency of high-rise apartment houses were evaluated, and were analyzed as a way to establish database on the evaluation of environment-friendliness of high-rise buildings. To that end, standard of buildings to be evaluated were proposed through analysis of the designing guideline for high-rise apartment houses proposed by Seoul city, and CO₂ emission of the subject buildings were evaluated based on the characteristics of materials admitted into each building and the amounts of energy consumed during lifecycle period. In addition, the initial costs in construction stage and annual costs in operation stage were set as analysis parameters, and along with calculation of direct cost by the consumption of construction materials and energy, the costs of CO₂ emission were evaluated and analyzed. As a result, the CO₂ emission and economic efficiencies of high-rise apartment houses by construction stage and operation stage could be analyzed quantitatively.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.179-194
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• 2012

In this study, we compared the efficiency of container terminals using DEA. To do this, we designed an AHP/DEA hybrid model using AHP and DEA, and evaluated the efficiency by comparing the container terminal operation company in Gwangyang(KEC, KIT, GICT) and Busan(HBCT, DPCT, KBCT, UPT, Gamman, PNC, PNIT, HJNC, HPNT). The proposed model can control the number of selected promising container terminal by applying DEA-AR model. This model can also improve the credibility of analysis by using objective weights through the AHP application to efficiency evaluation data and normalizing the evaluation data to apply AHP and DEA. The model assumes inputs to be container crane, transfer crane, yard tractor, and reach stacker and output as container traffic. The result shows that DPCT was an efficient DMU.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.10
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• pp.783-793
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the ECFA impacted the efficiency of banks in China and Taiwan from 2008 to 2017. This study follows Seiford and Zhu (2002), who recommend using the standard data envelopment analysis model to measure performance by increasing the desirable outputs and decreasing the undesirables. The finding was that overall technical efficiency increased from 2012 to 2017, reaching 0.575, 0.652, 0617, 0.689, 0.701 and 0.74, respectively. This result implies bank efficiency did indeed improve after China and Taiwan signed the ECFA cooperation agreement. The study found that the mean technical efficiency was 0.8756 in China, greater than Taiwan's mean of 0.3511, implying that Chinese banks experienced a greater increase in efficiency after signing the EFCA. One possible reason explored in this study is that China's economy is currently growing at the highest rate in the world, and the banks' efficiency has benefited from greater economic growth. This suggests that cross-strait sustained negotiations to consummate an agreement on trade in the services will be a very important mission in the future. This result also provides significant evidence suggesting that not accounting for undesirable output while estimating the evolution of the model may seriously distort efficiency results.