• STI Policy Review
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.35-44
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• 2011

Korea has rapidly increased R&D investment over the last few decades and the intensity of R&D investment is among the highest in the world; however, there are serious concerns about R&D performance and R&D efficiency. This study is to improve the economic assessment methodology regarding a feasibility study for national R&D programs that are thought to be one of the most prominent ways to enhance R&D efficiency. In order to improve the methodology of economic assessment, a few of important factors such as technical or market uncertainty, spillover effect, and R&D contribution ratio should be covered in the model. The focus of this article is technological and market uncertainty that has a close relation with strategic flexibility and utilization potential to increase the value of R&D programs. To improve the current linear and definitive R&D process, a new framework with strategic flexibility is suggested, in which the result of economic assessment that considers technological and market uncertainty is reflected in planning. That kind of feedback process is expected to enhance the value of the program/project as well as R&D efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

Marine oil spill accidents not only devastates marine ecosystem but also Ins significant adverse socio-economic impact on local community whose living is dependent on clean marine system Although the Marine Environment Management Act of the Republic of Korea stipulates tim marine pollution impact survey must be conducted at the time of the oil spill, the articles do not provide specifics or concrete survey items for socio-economic impact assessment Moreover, there are redundancy questions in the provisions related to socio-economic impact assessment. This paper examined several difficulties encountered in carrying out the socio-economic impact assessment for marine oil spill as required in the law, and presented some recommendation., for the plan to improve the assessment mechanism systematically through the development of the research categories and indicators of socio-economic impact assessment.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.237-261
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• 2006

Under circumstances with increasing uncertainty, strategic flexibility has become an essential point on which my R&D management system should be based. Unfortunately the present R&D management system for government sponsored R&D programs cannot be said to be so flexible to adapt appropriately to various threatens such as technological failure, a severe change in competition environment, and so on. In this paper a new scheme for R&D planning and economic assessment with strategic flexibility is suggested and applied to a real R&D program. In the newly suggested R&D management system, economic valuation based on real option theory is performed for various alternative scenarios which have different strategic scheme for R&D process each and the result of the assessment is fed back to R&D planning to choose more superior strategic scheme. Introducing strategic flexibility into R&D planning and economic assessment, the value of R&D project could be remarkably enhanced.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.165-185
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• 2004

Assessment in Socio-economic items should be used to estimate social influence when policies and projects were introduced. To estimate current situation of socio-economic items 19 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of large scale projects were analyzed. The projects were selected based on magnitude of social impact when the projects were implemented. Environmental Impact Statement was categorized into line projects(road construction, railroad construction, stream development, etc), and surface projects(energy development, wetland reclamation, recreation and sport development, and housing and residential development, etc) thus being chosen for 19 projects in each categories. This report was based on the analysis of 7 items in socio-economic environmental items(i.e., population, residents, industry, public facilities, education, transport and historical monument). Most EIS did not follow the regulation suggested by Ministry of Environment, and only current circumstances were briefly described. Indifference of in-depth analysis of socioeconomic environmental items would influence the process of social and environment impact negatively in the midst of construction of National Projects such as Outer Circle Seoul Highways, Saemankeum Reclamation Projects, etc. This abrupt halt of construction was mostly based on a lack of public hearing or public participation. Socio-economic items are also very much lacking in quantitative method and strengthening socio-economic environmental items is needed via checklist or matrix that brings decision-makers better ideas objectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2005

Biomass is one of the most competitive renewable energy resource and can be used for heating for rural applications. A economic assessment was made of biomass heating, using the tool BIOH2000 from $RETScreen^{\circledR}$ International Clean Energy Decision Support Centre. For a 260kW heating system for 50 farm houses, the assessment showed a very promising results. Internal rate of return was $19.7\%$ and year-to-positive cash flow was 5.1 years. Relative price of biomass over fossil fuel significantly affected the economic feasibility of the project. Heating demand was directly related to annual demand of biomass and economic feasibility. Relative cost of distribution pipe over the total initial costs also affected the economic feasibility of the project. The economic feasibility was expected to be improved by the probable greenhouse emission reduction credit and reduction of initial costs through utilizing existing heating system for peak or back up heating system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.4 s.21
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• pp.9-18
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• 2003

The objectives of the study are to improve techniques for social impact assessment and to suggest their measuring methods to apply in small scale rural development projects. Population, residence, industries, and traffic volumes were selected to measure the social and economic impact assessment of Seongeup agricultural water development project in Jeju Province. Existing data gathering methods were used to estimate the changes of population and traffic volumes. Interview schedule for villagers was applied to estimate the residents' satisfaction to living environments. Interview schedule for experts was applied to estimate agricultural productivity and land price. The results of social and economic impact assessment show that there will be considerable changes in living environments, agricultural productivity, and land price. On the contrary, the project will make little impacts on the changes of population, em-ployment, and traffic volumes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.509-515
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• 2011

When a manufacturing system is designed, various kinds of evaluation methods are used for selecting the best alternative. Net present value, inner rate of return and payback period are popular quantitative measures for the economic assessment, but other qualitative measures should be considered for evaluation. The analytic hierarchy process(AHP) has been used as the popular method for the multi criteria decision making problem that considers both quantitative and qualitative criteria. This paper explains the process of economic assessment, and how to use the AHP for evaluating the designs of the assembly lines for lens module installed in mobile phone.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.895-904
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• 2015

This paper presents a probabilistic approach of reliability evaluation and economic assessment for solving transmission network expansion planning problems. Three methods are proposed for TNEP, which are reorganizing the existing power system focused on the buses of interest, selecting candidates using modified system operating state method with healthy, marginal and at-risk states, and finally choosing the optimal alternative using cost-optimization method. TNEP candidates can be selected based on the state reliability such as sufficient and insufficient indices, as proposed in this paper. The process of economic assessment involves the costs of construction, maintenance and operation, congestion, and outage. The case studies are carried out with modified IEEE-24 bus system and Jeju island power system expansion plan in Korea, to verify the proposed methodology.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1547-1554
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• 1998

The object of this study was to develop an economic assessment program for the optimal design of the cogeneration systems composed of combining engine, generator, waste heat recovery exchanger, absorption chiller, and boiler, etc. The energy demand categorized by electric power, heating, cooling and water supply was determined by statistical data of the existing cogeneration systems. An economic assessment was performed by comparing the total cost of cogeneration system with that of non-cogeneration system. The total cost was evaluated by adding initial investment to operational cost considering efficiency of equipment, cost of equipment, fuel and electricity. To confirm the validity of the developed program, a hotel building with an area of $127,960m^2$ was selected, and the simulated results were compared with the measured data. The difference between the simulated and the measured values for the selected hotel building was approximately 12% for annual electric consumption.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.269-279
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• 2011

Sustainability assessments tend to integrate ecological, social, and economic concerns. Sustainability assessment could be considered the highest rung in the assessment ladder. Broad strategies that seek to integrate individual SEA(Strategic Environmental Assessment) could be subjected to a sustainability assessment. Sustainability assessment could incorporate global and transboundary effects and priorities into SEA and project-level EIA(Environmental Impact Assessment). SEA could provide an environmental context and direction for project-level EIA. Procedural and substantive EIA requirements can be addressed through tiering such as sustainability assessment, SEA, project-level EIA. In Korea, PERS(Prior Environmental Review System) that has been utilized to evaluate administrative plans related with various kinds of development projects should be evolved not only to incorporate environmental impacts into early stage decision-making, but also to implicate sustainability assessments that include social equity and economic efficiency. Integration of SEA and sustainability assessment can be initiated through the application of DPSIR (Driving Force - Pressure - State - Impact - Response ) framework that was developed by European Environmental Agency.