• KIEAE Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2011

Over the years, there have been many school construction projects resulting from the activation of the Build Transfer Lease(BTL). Furthermore, due to the need for the qualitative expansion of educational facilities, as well as the attempt to fulfill social requirements and the need for eco-friendly learning environments, these projects have become a major priority. As a result, the government has established a proper standard for school construction based on a certain level of green certification that has been mandated. The aim of this study is to assess the status of schools as relates to the composition of the ecological environment surrounding them. These elements of eco-friendly school facilities are larger than the educational environment and are directly related to the environmental and educational effects on the students. Looking at the overall results of this study, the areas of ecological environment outside school are found to be inadequate. Therefore, this field needs to adopt more realistic goals, and focus on the areas where the most improvement is needed.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2014

Total concentration and chemical speciation of trace metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni) were determined to evaluate pollution level and potential ecological risk in surface sediments of the Masan Bay. The results showed that the trace metal concentrations, except for Ni, were high in the inner Masan Bay. Based on the chemical speciation of metals in sediments, the percentage of total concentrations of Cd and Pb in non-residual fraction was 92% and 88%, respectively, indicating that these metals originated mainly from anthropogenic sources. However, Ni (70%) was dominant in residual fraction. Pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (ERI) values in the inner bay indicate the presence of anthropogenic pollution and considerable-moderate ecological risk, respectively. Ecological index (Ei) value for Cd was high at most stations in the Masan Bay, and Cd content was the highest in acid soluble fraction, which presents the highest ecological risk. The results obtained in this study indicate that Cd presents a high potential ecological risk to benthic biota in the Masan Bay.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2012

This study aims to investigate and analyze the actual conditions of the ecological ponds built in the campus sites of the elementary, middle and high schools which currently manage ecological ponds in order to find problems and directions for improvement concerning the management of the ponds as a way to build nature-friendly ecological ponds which can be used as an ecological work-study site on school campus: this study also intends to provide systematic and technological directions for the management and operation of the ecological pond. This study has selected 10 schools in North Chungcheong Province, where ponds are constructed, and investigated actual conditions of the ponds based on the survey, analysis, and evaluation standards compatible with the school environments, and finally judged the general relevancy of the ponds. The results of this study make us conclude that the most important issue to be considered in the processes of selection and investigation for school ecological pond is the location of the pond.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.32-38
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• 2004

As for the green space construction of the modern parks, landscape design is not only for the aesthetics but its also to promote the spiritual connotation. The appearing of the exemplary type of ecological landscape reflects landscape architects have developed realization and wishes to improve the deteriorating environment and put them into practice. This paper introduces the basic intension of the exemplary type of ecological landscape, and discusses the relative background and ecological aesthetic foundation of the exemplary ecological landscape which appeared under the crisis of urban environment; lists the modern landscape designers practices of the exemplary ecological landscape; studies the developing trend of this practice which becomes multifold along with the reformation of city.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.494-501
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• 2009

Probabilistic Ecological risk assessment (PERA) is extensive approach to qualify and quantify risk on the multi species based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD). As a while, deterministic ecological risk assessment (DERA) considers the comparison of predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) and predicted exposure concentration (PEC). DERA is used to determine if there is potential risk or no risk, and it doesn't consider the nature variability and the species sensitivity. But PERA can be more realistic and reasonable approach to estimate likelihood or risk. In this study, we compared PERA used in developed countries, and proposed PERA applicable for the Korean water environment. Taxonomic groups were classified as "class" level including Actinopterygill, Branchiopoda, Chlorophyceae, Maxillapoda, Insects, Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Secernentea, Polychaeta, Monocotyldoneae, and Chanophyceae in this study. Statistical extrapolation method (SEM), statistical extrapolation method $_{acutechronicratio}$ ($SEM_{ACR}$) and assessment factor method (AFM) were used to calculate the ecological protective concentration based on qualitative and quantitative levels of taxonomic toxicity data. This study would be useful to establish the PERA for the protection of aquatic ecosystem in Korea.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is make a proposal for application skill of Ecological communal. Ecological communal is Environmentally friendly lifestyle and an alternative plan of Environmental pollution. There is growing international scientific consensus that human activities are having a discernible effect on the global climate. The environment was polluted the cause by The Development of scientific technique and economy. Recently, Environmental pollution spreads through over the world over. Moreover, An increasing gulf between the rich and the poor. In result, rise to the emergency in cooperation with the whole world. We need to advance a new direction for society to take in order to suffer environmental problems which have emerged as the most serious. The development of ecological communal is directed toward realizing a sustainable society. If life styles are to become less dependent on ecological resources and reduce externalities, same as Ecological communal, then a wide range of renewable energy technologies and energy saving measures are required. Up to now, the development of ecological communal has been actively initiated and still continues by some venture farmers whit a vision and strong will. These study results are definitely very conducive to spread ecological communal knowledge among the public.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.202-203
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• 2022

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.261-263
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• 2023

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.49-65
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• 2021

Although the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is continuously being advanced, the number of environmental disputes regarding it is still on the rise. In order to supplement this, it is necessary to analyze the accumulated complaint cases. In this study, through the analysis of complaint cases, it is possible to identify matters that need to be improved in the existing EIA stages as well as various damages and conflicts that were not previously considered or predicted. In the process, we dervied 'complaint-based data demands' that should be additionally examined to improve the EIA. To this end, a total of 348 news articles were collected by searching with combinations of 'environmental impact assessment' and a keyword for each of the six assessment groups. As a result of analysis of collected data, a total of 54 complaint-based data demands were suggested. Among those were 15 items including 'impact of changes in seawater flow on water quality' in the category of water environment; 13 items including 'area of green buffer zone' in atmospheric environment; 10 items including 'impact of soundproof wall on wind corridor' in living environment; 8 items including 'expected number of users' in socioeconomic environment, 4 items including 'feasibility assessment of development site in terms of environmental and ecological aspects' in natural ecological environment; and 4 items including 'prediction of sediment runoff and damaged areas according to the increase in intensity and frequency of torrential rain' in land environment. In future research, more systematic complaint collection and analysis as well as specific provision methods regarding stages, subjects, and forms of use should be sought to apply the derived data demands in the actual EIA process. It is expected that this study can serve to advance the prediction and assessment of EIA in the future and to minimize environmental impact as well as social conflict in advance.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.3
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• pp.47-75
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• 1990

This study focuses on the ecological and environmental approach for marketing in the attempt to harmonize the objectives and resources of the organizations with the changing environment. This study presents the deductive and nomative method for analyzing recurrent marketing problem and contains seven chapters. The marketing environment is the place the company must start in searching for oportunities and in monitoring threats. It consists of all the actors and forces that affect the company's ability to transact can be divided into two componets-The marketing environment comperies a microenvironment consists of the actors in the company's immediate environment that affect its ability to serve its customers, namely, the company, market channal firms, customers, competitors and publics, the macroenvironment consists of the larger societal forces that affect all the actors in the macroenvironment, nanly, the demographic, economic, natural, technological and cultural forces. Most marketing executives took the phyisical environment for granted. Few consistered it one of the most dynamic elements in the totoal environment of business. However, two development have brought the physical environment to the forefront of business decision. The first has been labeled the ecological crisis-the polution and deterioration of air, water and land, the second is the accelerated depletion of the earth's natural resources. Currently, most product are designed to obtain an optimum combination of customer acceptances and production and distribution efficiencies. If we look to the future, products increasingly will be planned to obtain an optimum combination of market acceptance increasingly, efficiency and environmental protection. The entire ecological cycle of product will have to be considered.