• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.4 s.117
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• pp.116-128
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• 2006

This study focuses on hydrological changes caused by developments in the 13th, 14th (Motjarigol) district in Eun Pyoung New Town, Seoul on the basis of the Land Use Planning of development plan. Through analyses from the hydrological experiments about rainfall outflow using universal equation and amounts of infiltration through soils, the changes in amounts of overflows were estimated and the results were discussed from a urban ecological point of view. As a result, it has been predicted that the amount of rainfall outflow at post-development was dramatically increased, compared to pre-development. Installing of Derbris Dams and infiltration facilities were suggested as alternative plan to meditigate these changes. If we apply these alternatives, the rainfall outflow would be reduced up to 30% compared to the development plan without BMPs (Best Management Practice). In conclusion, it is proposed that once the ecological principles were considered during development planning process, we can minimize the adverse effects of developments to our environments.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2000

This research focused on the improved alternatives of the ordinance which practically control the open space in-situ, public open space and landscape construction related to city landscape for the healthy physical and mental life of the city dwellers. The contents of the study are as follows: 1. The special law of Landscape Architecture should be legislated. 2. The portion of landscaping should be changed by up-grading in the Ordinance of Landscape area and planting and the terms of landscape Facilities should include the ecological aspects in it's contents in the law. 3. The administration of local governments should actively lead and support the dwellers to make the roof gardens and the window gardens in the building area of cities or commercial districts which have relatively low rate of green space. 4. Any new construction and restoration of the buildings with preservation of the natural environment and creation of public open space should be given incentive and Set-back space in aesthetic area should have appropriate planting area and facilities in it. 5. Organizing professional landscape evaluation committee and composing evaluation standards are very important because of the contemporary proposition of the establishment of the establishment of ecological space and conservation of urban natural space. Because of the characteristics of Landscape Architecture, the Provisions of landscape Architecture Design and landscape architecture supervision of the specialist should be legislated and the Landscape Architectural Organization should be established within the Government.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.210-213
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• 1997

This study for development of close-to nature revetment techniques is conducted to rehabilitate disturbed stream ecosystem. For this objective, the experimental reach as on-site dimonstrated research was set up in Hakyoul, the Yangjaech'on from Oct. 1995 to Nov. 1996. Special emphasis on the developing process of the design of revetments was given to geomorphic character of 3 types of low flow channel bank: point bar, attack point and shallow bay. Each revetment was developed with the consideration on revegetation of emergent plants. And designed techniques were applied to the experimental reach, and were evaluated with monitoring for 1 year. As a result of the process, the experiment suggested ecological alternatives to enhance technical feasibility and to replace the conventional river-work.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2004

Emergy is a measure of the processes required to produce something expressed in units of the same energy form. Emergy based indices can provide insights into the thermodynamic efficiency of the process, the quality of its output, and the interaction between the process and its surrounding environment. However, in an industrial system, the inputs are mostly nonrenewable, renewable energy source is nearly zero, ultimate purpose is pursuit of profits in economic activity. In study, we present two indices based on emergy - EEE(Ecological Economic Efficiency) and ERI(Environmental Responsibility Index). The EEE is taken into account real value of product in market economy. The ERI is shown to be a function of the net yield of the economy, its ‘load’ on the environment and ecological economic efficiency. Manufacturing industry of Korea produced the 30% of total GDP in 2001. We applied these indices to manufacturing industry for environmental management and further sustainable industry. As a results, the highest ERI is 0.34 in recycling industries, the lowest ERI is 0.01 in coke, refined petroleum products which is dominated by ELR. The higher ERI, the more friendly to environment. The suggested indices help us understand relative contributions of various alternatives in company's production and consumption activity, and provide a tool of decision-making for the rearrangement of future industries. Furthermore, they contribute to environmental friendly operation and consumption.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2010

Educational environments in rural areas have been slowly deteriorating due to the popular flow of people moving into the city from the countryside. It has been concluded that superannuated educational facilities have a negative influence towards students. This research has been conducted in order to give better mental or psychological influence to those around and comfort and relaxation to the students themselves through developing new ways to renovate the $fa\c{c}ade$ of the run down educational facility. This research develops several structural and ecological (environmental friendly) elements which are used as several segmental elements of the new $fa\c{c}ade$ design for the degraded educational facilities. A combination of these design elements can develop many viable alternatives of a new $fa\c{c}ade$ renovation. These new renovations can help students to maintain their educational and social lives in a safer and more ecological environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.130-139
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• 2004

Shiwha Lake is an excellent example of a body of water restored from a state of heavy pollution to a cleaner and more ecological state. This paper will explore techniques and methods available to landscape planning for the creation of new migratory birds habitats in Shiwha Lake. Because Shiwha lake is located adjacent to a new industrial site on reclaimed land, any planning effort aimed at restoring bird habitats must carefully consider the existing context. This plan had 3 goals; (1) to restore the coastal environment, (2) to create a habitat for migratory birds, and (3) to administer environmental education programs. To achieve these goals, several objectives were determined and planning criteria were proposed for topology, water environment(fresh, brackish and salt water swamps), zoning(for experts and general visitors), circulations, planting and mounding. The flora and fauna of the site was surveyed, and 5 alternatives were suggested and compared in several aspects. Planting species were carefully selected considering target birds and habitat requirements. In order to increase bio-diversity of the site, the plan proposed multi-staired mounds and extensive drainage systems. Bird watching facilities with natural materials, and the remote observing system using CCTV and the internet were some of the ecological techniques recommended by the plan. The bird watching trails are divided into two different zones for experts and general visitors.

• Journal of Korea Planning Association
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.122-130
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze effect of climate and urban factors on energy resilience, and to explore policy alternatives to strengthen resilience of energy system. For this purpose, this study used extensive literature review on resilience studies and multiple regression analysis. In this study, blackout time was set as a dependent variable. And the independent variables were divided into climate and urban (robustness, countermeasure capacity) characteristics. As a result of the analysis, in terms of climate characteristics, maximum wind speed and cooling/heating degree-day have statistically significant impact on blackout time. With regard to urban characteristics, number of consumer, ratio of deteriorated housing and coast dummy variables have statistically significant impact on blackout time. And the ratio of government employees and road ratio were found to be the most influencing factors to shorten time taken to restore original level of electricity supply. Based on the study results, several policy suggestions to improve energy resilience were made such as continuous management of vulnerable areas and strengthening disaster response services. This study only considered engineering dimension of resilience. Further studies need to be approached on ecological & social-ecological dimension.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.107-122
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• 1998

Visitor Impact Management (VIM) framework was developed in the United States to help recreation resources management to be more systematic and effective. It consists of a series of steps from examining problems and their causes to planning and implementing management strategies in order to solve the problems. This study was conducted to find management problems in Moodeung-san Provincial Park and suggest some alternatives based on VIM framework. Data were collected by on-site survey and a mail-back questionnaire in August of 1996 in Moodeung-san Provincial Park. Out of 1173, 519 respondents (44.2%) were used for the study. According to the study results, there were differences between users' perceptions about the present use of the park and the users' personal norms about the use of the park. That is, while 46% of the respondents considered the park should be used as 'the place for calm and meditiation,' only 19% of the respondents considered the park had been used as 'the place for calm and meditation.' Three social indicators (the number of users, the number of seeing others' inconsiderate behaviors, and the crime) and four ecological indicators (littering, human waste, trail conditions, and water quality of Moodeung-san valleys) were selected for the major managerial indicators of the study area. Generally, five out of 7 selected indicators were in worse conditions than the evaluative standards, Five indicators which were evaluated as in worse conditions include two social indicators (the number of users and the number of seeing others' inconsiderate behaviors) and three ecological indicators (littering, human waste and trail conditions). Two other indicators such as water quality of Moodeung-san valley and the crime were identified to be important for users' recreational experience. More concerns and systematic investigations on these indicators are needed. This study discussed some management strategies to solve the identified problems, and introduced how mangers may make use of these information for recreation resource menagement in the park.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.11-20
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• 2012

In this paper, we analyze the existing ecovillages in order to establish a planned-ecovillage model to suggest improvement in direction of ecovillage planning; namely, efficiency of planning elements through analysis of changes in ecovillages. Changes to living environment require increased relaxation and convenience to ensure quality of life. Unlike general ecovillages, planned-ecovillages differ in their introduction of planning elements by autonomous decision-making through discussions and meetings among residents. In the village planning process, complex planning, community facilities, ecology-base facilities, water-resource utilization, and waste disposal can waver from initial planning, giving rise to realistic alternatives to village characteristics for those considering changes to space organization.

• Clean Technology
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 1997

The present paper aims to give basic information to establish zero emission material cycle including the minimization of emissions from industrial production processes and the area in regional scale. Strategies and methodologies to analyze emissions from the production processes and our human activities and to reduce those emissions by refining and/or replacing the unit process with the alternatives are introduced as well. Quantitative evaluation and management systems of any raw materials and the production process are from vie points of treatment are essential. Estabiishment of a process networking for the recycle of discharged non-products materials by the intra-process, trans-process and the trans-industries are proposed. Procedures and priorities to formulate industrial and regional zero emission system are proposed as well.