• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2011

Green IT, composed term with Green and Information Technology(IT), use IT for energy savings and carbon emission reductions. Green IT went beyond the scope of greening IT, and recently it's concept is expanded as far as counterplan of climate change including greening other industries by IT. 85% of total greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector and 20% of them comes from transport parts, so it is time to research IT for automotive industry. In this paper, we take up the knowledge based fuzzy logic to provide life cycle analysis associated with greenhouse gas emissions for industry produced warranty claims frequently such as automobile industry. We propose a analysis method of warranty claims using expert knowledge about the warranty in car exhaust systems related to greenhouse gas emissions, past test results of malfunction, analysis of past field data, and warranty data. Furthermore, we propose life knowledge-based GWS (Greenery Warranty System). We demonstrate the applicability of IT in eco-friendly automotive industry by implementing knowledge-based fuzzy logic and applying.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.428-435
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• 2015

Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been accepted as an attractive and economic alternative to a variety of pollution control and provided potentially valuable wildlife habitat in urban and suburban areas, as well as esthetic value within the local natural environment. CWs are known eco-friendly technology to solve the problem of the climate change and urbanization issues. Numerous studies have been published on the various aspects of a CW. However, there are current limitations about the CW operations such as few design guidelines, poor performance results regarding the simple construction. Therefore, the objective of this research was to suggest an appropriate design and maintenance guidelines for a CW by thorough investigation of site monitoring results. The research also concentrated in redefining and reclassifying CWs, based on literatures made by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) and other organizations. Investigation at 43 CWs in Korea was performed by using collected data and by performing site survey from 2013 to 2014. Based on the results, the best practices among the investigated CWs provided water treatment, wildlife habitat, environmental education, and leisure. Also these CWs conducted a regular maintenance such as vegetation, sediment dredging and cleaning of facilities. Results obtained are intended for use by academics and any organizations involved in CW management.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.313-318
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• 2014

The world is in need of sustainable and eco-friendly energy sources such as microalgal biodiesel due to global warming and fossil fuel shortages. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of liquid fertilizer produced from swine manure and agriculture grade solid fertilizers as nutrient sources for microalgal biomass production. Mixed culture (Chlorella spp., Scenedesmus spp., Stigeoclonium spp.; CSS) was cultivated for 28 days in Small Scale Raceway Pond (SSRP) using various nutrient sources (swine manure liquid fertilizer, agricultural solid fertilizer, and mixture of these two fertilizers). Biomass and lipid productivity of fertilizer mixture were the highest at 0.8 g/L and 5.8 mg/L/day, respectively. These results indicate that the fertilizer mixture can provide microalgae necessary nutrient sources for stable biodiesel production and biomass growth. In addition, overall cost of microalgal cultivation and subsequently biodiesel production would be significantly reduced.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2005

The cathode material, $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$, for high voltage applications of Li-ion batteries exhibits impurity phases due to oxygen deficiency during the high temperature heat treatment. The impurity phase reduces the electrochemical properties of the electrode since the deficiency spinel structure disturbs the lithium ion intercalation and deintercalation. In this study, Cr-substituted $LiNi_{0.5-x}Mn_{1.5}Cr_xO_4(0{\leq}x{\leq}0.05)$ powders are synthesized by a sol-gel method in order to reduce the amount of the impurity phases in the $LiNi_{0.5-x}Mn_{1.5}Cr_xO_4$. Thermal analysis of the cathode material shows that the $LiNi_{0.5}Mn_{1.5}O_4$ without Cr substitution looses $2\%$ of its weight due to oxygen deficiency but the amount of weight loss is diminished when Cr is substituted. XRD analysis also supports the reduction of the impurity phases in the cathode after chromium substitution, suggesting that the improvement of the electrochemical properties such as the capacity retention and electrochemical stability are attributed to the low content of impurity phases in the Cr-substituted $LiNi_{0.5-x}Mn_{1.5}Cr_xO_4.$

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2015

Various adverse effects can occur due to direct exposure from toxic substances when toxic materials are used to restore river ecosystems. Thus, this study performed analysis on the development of toxicity in terms of survival and abnormality rates using embryos of Bombina orientalis living in Korea to analyze the toxicity of materials used in the river projects. The results showed that the toxicity in cement (C group) was the strongest whereas the toxicity in plant-based polyurethane (P1 group) was the weakest. Survival rates of B. orientalis embryos were 100%, 94 - 95%, 66 - 89% and 0% in control, P1, polyurethane (P2) and C groups, respectively. Abnormalities of embryos were 10.5%, 5.3 - 10.5%, 26.3 - 27.8% and 35.7% in control, P1, P2 and C groups, respectively. Furthermore, we verified that having a sufficient curing time reduced toxic substances that were extracted. The above result suggest that cement and polyurethane hamper the early development of amphibians. In conclusion, it is highly important to review biological safety with respect to the selection of materials used to restore rivers. This study shows the importance of the selection of eco-friendly materials and processes.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.51-60
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• 2010

A study on the recovery of cobalt and lithium from Lithium Ion Battery(LIB) scraps has been carried out by a physical treatment - leaching - solvent extraction process. The cathode scraps of LIB in production were used as a material of this experiment. The best condition for recovering cobalt from the anode scraps was acquired in each process. The cathode scraps are dissolved in 2M sulfuric acid solution with hydrogen peroxide at $95^{\circ}C$, 700 rpm. The cobalt is concentrated from the leaching solution by means of a solvent extraction circuit with bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) and PC88A in kerosene, and then cobalt and lithium are recovered as cobalt hydroxide and lithium carbonate by precipitation technology. The purity of cobalt oxide powder was over 99.98% and the average particle size after milling was about 10 lim. The over all recoveries are over 95% for cobalt and lithium. The pilot test of mechanical separation was carried out for the recovery of cobalt from the scraps. The $Co_3O_4$ powder was made by the heat treatment of $Co(OH)_2$ and the average particle size was about 10 ${\mu}m$ after grinding. The recovery was over 99% for cobalt and lithium each other and the purity of cobalt oxide was over 99.98%.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.210-219
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• 2017

Electric vehicles, which are attracting attention as eco-friendly vehicles, have been increasing in number since 2011 in Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficient operation of existing charging stations and factors to consider when installing additional charging stations based on the case of Jeju Island where the electric vehicle penetration rate is high and the charging infrastructure is relatively well established. The characteristics of using electric car charging stations by region, type of facility, and time of day are analyzed. As a result of analyzing the frequency of using the charger installed in Jeju Island, the utilization of both the fast charger and the slow charger is found to be concentrated in a specific area. The usage rate of charger installed in a business facility and a public parking lot is high in both fast charger and slow charger. However, according to the usage rate by time of day, the fast charger has a high utilization rate throughout the afternoon, while the use of a slow charger is concentrated in the morning. In order to enable users to utilize the electric vehicle charging station efficiently, it is necessary to provide a publicity guide for the charging station having a low utilization rate, a notice for using the charger, and a notification of completion of charging. Considering the charging demand, the area where the charger is not yet installed should be considered as the area to install the charger, and in addition, the additional installation should be considered in the area and the facility where the amount of charge is large. Service improvement is expected to be possible by utilizing actual electric vehicle charging behavior analysis result.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.44-49
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to know the herbicidal activity of the essential oil from amyris (Amyris balsamifera). In a seed bioassay experiment, the amyris essential oil inhibited the growth of rapeseed (Brassica napus) by fifty percent at 8.8 ${\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. And in a greenhouse experiment, sorghum, barnyard grass and Indian jointvetch, which was applied in above-ground parts, with the amyris essential oil at 4,000 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$ showed visual injuries of 90, 70, and 70, respectively (0, no damage; 100, total damage). However, soil application of the essential oil did not show such herbicidal injuries. In a field experiment, foliar application of the amyris essential oil at 5% controlled effectively weeds such as barnyardgrass, shepherd's purse, and clover in 24 hours. Our results indicated that the amyris essential oil had herbicidal activity. To understand the composition of the amyris essential oil, the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectometry with solid-phase micro-extraction apparatus. There were 15 organic chemicals in the oil and the major constituents were calarene, elemol, ${\gamma}$-eudesmol, curcumene, ${\beta}$-sesquiphellandrene, zingiberene, selina-3,7(11)-diene, 1,3-diisopropenyl-6-methyl-cyclohexene, ${\beta}$-bisabolene, and ${\beta}$-maaliene. Overall results suggest that the amyris essential oil had a herbicidal activity with fast, contact, and non-selective mechanism.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.145-153
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• 2005

I reviewed an ecological and environmental significance of microbial carbon respiration coupled to dis-similatory reduction of fe(III) to Fe(II) which is one of the major processes controlling mineralization of organic matter and behavior of metals and nutrients in various anaerobic environments. Relative significance of Fe(III) reduction in the mineralization of organic matter in diverse marine environments appeared to be extremely variable, ranging from negligible up to $100\%$. Cenerally, Fe(III) reduction dominated anaerobic car-bon mineralization when concentrations of reactive Fe(III) were higher, indicating that availability of reactive Fe(III) was a major factor determining the relative significance of Fe(III) reduction in anaerobic carbon mineralization. In anaerobic coastal sediments where $O_2$ supply is limited, tidal flushing, bioturbation and vegetation were most likely responsible for regulating the availability of Fe(III) for Fe(III) reducing bacteria (FeRB). Capabilities of FeRB in mineralization of organic matter and conversion of metals implied that FeRB may function as a useful eco-technological tool for the bioremediation of anoxic coastal environments contaminated by toxic organic and metal pollutants.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.27-36
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• 2016

Low Impact Development (LID) techniques are eco-friendly storm water management process for water circulation restoration and non-point pollutant reduction. In this study, four LID techniques (Small constructed wetland, Infiltration trench box, Infiltration trench, Vegetated swale) were selected and installed as a real size at the real site. All facilities were evaluated as monitoring under the real environmental climate situation and an artificial rain with exceeding design rainfall. In various rainfall, runoff reduction efficiency and non-point pollutant removal efficiency are increased to the bigger Surface Area of LID (SA)/Catchment Area (CA) ratio and the bigger Storage Volume of LID (SV)/Catchment Area (CA) ratio. Runoff did not occur at all rainfall event (max. 17.2 mm) in infiltration trench and vegetated swale. But Small constructed wetland was more efficient at less than 10 mm, a efficiency of infiltration trench box was similar at different rainfall. Although different conditions (such as structural material of LID, rainfall flow rate, antecedent dry periods), LID techniques are good effects not only water circulation improvement but also water quality improvement.