• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2007

Rice bran application just after transplanting has been increasingly practiced as an herbicide-substitute for organic rice production in Korea. However, this practice is frequently reported to be unsatisfactory in weed suppression. An experiment with five treatments that combines flooding depth, rice bran application dose, and herbicide treatment was done in the paddy field to evaluate whether rice bran application under deep flooding can lead to a successful weed control in compensation for the single practice of rice bran application. Rice bran was broadcasted on the flood water surface just after deep flooding of 8 to 10cm that was started at seven days after transplanting. In the shallow flooding plot without herbicide six weed species were recorded: Monochoria vaginalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Ludvigia prostrate, Cyperus amuricus, Aneima keisak, and Bidens tripartite. Among the first four dominant weed species, deep flooding significantly suppressed the occurrence of Echinochloa crus-galli and Cyperus amuricus while did not suppress the occurrence of Monochoria vaginalis and Ludwigia prostrate. On the contrary, rice bran application under deep flooding suppressed significantly Monochoria vaginalis and Ludwigia prostrate while didn't exert an additional suppression of Echinochloa crus-galli and Cyperus amuricus compared to deep flooding alone. Rice bran application and deep flooding suppressed complimentarily all the six weed species to a satisfactory extent except for Monochoria vaginalis of which suppression efficacy was 31.9%. Deep flooding reduced the panicle number substantially by inhibiting the tiller production, increased the spikelet number per panicle slightly, and leaded to a lower rice grain yield compared to shallow flooding with herbicide. Rice bran application under deep flooding mitigated the panicle reduction due to deep flooding, increased the spikelets per panicle significantly, and thus produced even higher grain yield in the rice bran application of 2000kg $ha^{-1}$ as compared to the shallow flooding treatment with herbicide. In conclusion, this practice applying rice bran under deep flooding would be promising to be incorporated as an integral practice for an organic rice farming system.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.295-307
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• 2015

본 연구는 전남지역 논에서 벼 재배양식별 잡초 발생 현황을 파악하기 위하여 2013년 7월에 9개 시 군의 237지점에서 잡초분포조사를 수행하였다. 조사결과 전체 논에는 일년생잡초가 33종, 다년생잡초 15종을 포함한 18과 45종의 잡초가 발생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 발생한 잡초의 과별 구성을 보면 화본과 9종, 사초과 8종, 현삼과 4종 순으로 상위 3개 과가 포함하는 21종이 전체의 45.5%를 차지하였다. 조사된 잡초는 피 18.5%, 물달개비 12.3%, 개구리밥 8.2%, 올방개 5.2%, 올챙이고랭이 5.2% 순으로 우점하였다. 이번 연구결과를 이용하여 앞으로 논 잡초의 발생양상을 예측하며 잡초군락의 변화를 파악함으로써 효과적인 잡초 관리방안을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.345-349
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• 2017

Herbicides are important weed control tools for increasing crop yields and the efficiency of crop production. As the use of herbicides increases, the occurrrence of herbicide-resistant weeds has been an increaing problem. In Korea, since the first occurrence of acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistant Monochoria korsakowii was reported in the Seosan reclaimed paddy field in 1998, resistance has been reported in 14 weed species, including Echinochola spp. and their populations are gradually increasing. The objective of this study is to investigate the nationwide occurrence of ALS and Acetyl-CoA Carboylase inhibitor resistant Echinochloa spp. in Korea. In 2013, 2014, and 2015, we collected 594 accessions of Echinochloa spp. in Korean rice fields except for Jeonnam and Chungbuk provinces. They were then treated with the recommended rates of penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl. We harvested seeds from 45 accessions of E. oryzicola in the case of cyhalofop-butyl treatment. Also, 44 and 46 accessions of E. oryzicola and E. crus-galli survived and their seeds were harvested after penoxsulam treatment. Twenty accessions of E. oryzicola survived from both herbicides inferring possible multiple resistance. Two accessions out of 20 inferred from possible multiple resistance survived after cyhalofop-butyl treatment at a dose of $500ga.i.ha^{-1}$. Seeds of herbicide resistant populations will be provided and utilized for further research.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.108-115
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• 1989

1987년(年) 국제미작연구소(國際米作硏究所)(IRRI)에서 수도품종(水稻品種) IR64, 육도품종(陸稻品種) UPLRi-5와 필리핀산(産) 피 3종류(種類)를 공시(供試)하여 종자발아성(種子發芽性)과 유묘발달(幼苗發達) 양상(樣相)을 비교(比較)하기 위해 질산(窒酸) 0.1N 용액(溶液)으로 휴안타파(休眼打破)시킨후 $25^{\circ}C$, $30^{\circ}C$, $35^{\circ}C$ 암상태(暗狀態)에서 발아시럼(發芽試驗)을 실시(實施)하였다. ${\cdots}$ 벼품종(品種)은 시험(試驗)된 온도범위(溫度範圍)에서는 온도간(溫度間) 차이(差異)가 없이 90% 이상(以上)의 높은 발아율(發芽率)을 보인데 반(反)해 피는 종류(種類)에 따라 10~80% 발아율(發芽率)을 보였다. 3종류(種類)의 피중(中)에서 Echinochloa crus-galli ssp. hispidula(물피 일종)는 가장 낮은 발아율(發芽率)을 보였으며 $25^{\circ}C$에서 약(約) 45%, 그 이상(以上)의 온도(溫度)에서는 20% 이하(以下)의 발아율(發芽率)을 보였다. 다른 두피는 70% 이상(以上)의 발아율(發芽率)을 보였고 온도별(溫度別)로는 E. glabressens(강피일종)는 고온(高溫)($35^{\circ}C$)에서 발아(發芽)가 약간 억제(抑制)되었고 E. colona(돌피 일종)는 온도간(溫度間) 차이(差異)는 없었다. ${\cdots}$ 벼와 피 다같이 유아(幼芽)와 유근(幼根) 발달(發達)이 경과(經過)되면서 종자(種子)의 무게는 점차(漸次) 감소(減少)되었으나 유아(幼芽)와 유근(幼根)의 발달(發達)은 종자(種子)무게 감소(減少)를 완전(完全) 보상(補償)하지는 못하였다. ${\cdots}$ 피의 유근(幼根)은 유아(幼芽)의 반대(反對) 부위(部位)에서 발달(發達)하였으나 벼는 유근(幼根)과 유아(幼芽)가 같은 부위(部位)에서 발달(發達)하였다. ${\cdots}$ 벼의 제(第)1엽(葉)은 불완전엽(不完全葉)으로 엽신(葉身)과 엽록소(葉綠素)가 없으나 피의 제(第)1엽(葉)은 엽신(葉身)과 엽초의 뚜렷한 구분(區分)은 없으나 엽록소(葉綠素)를 가진 엽신(葉身)모양의 잎을 가지고 있었다. 발앙속도(發芽速度)와 제(第)1엽(葉)의 생리(生理), 생태적(生態的) 특성(特性)으로 볼때 유묘(幼苗)의 독립(獨立) 생장(生長)을 영위(營爲)해 나갈수 있는 최소한(最少限)의 기간(期間)이 피가 벼보다 2~3일(日)빨랐다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.545-563
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• 2007

2005년 11월부터 2006년 11월까지 총 4회에 걸쳐 독도의 유관속식물상을 조사하였다. 독도에서는 26과 44속 46종 1아종 1변종으로 총 48분류군이 확인되었는데, 이는 양치식물 1분류군, 쌍자엽식물 36분류군, 단자엽식물 11분류군으로 이루어져 있다. 식물구계학적 특정식물로는 V등급종인 초종용(Orobanche coerulescens Stephan)과 IV등급종인 왕호장근[Fallopia sachalinensis (F.Schmidt) RonseDecr.], 섬괴불나무(Lonicera insularis Nakai), 섬초롱꽃(Campanula takesimana Nakai), 왕김의털(Festuca rubra L.) 등 총 13분류군이 확인되었다. 식재된 종으로는 곰솔(Pinus thunbergii Parl.), 동백나무(Camellia japonica L,) 보리장나무(Elaeagnus glabra Thunb), 무궁화(Hibiscus syriacus L.) 등이 있다. 분류학적으로 실체가 의심되는 종(species)으로는 가는명아주(Chenopodium virgatum Thunb.), 돌피[Echinochlca crusgalli (L.) P.Beauv.]로써 각각 흰명아주(Chenopodium album L,), 물피[Echinochloa crusgalli var. oryzicola (Vasinger) Ohwi]와 구분되는 형질을 공유하거나 불분명하여 동정에 있어서 혼란이 야기된다. 종유입 방법별로는 풍산포(anemochore) 31분류군, 동물산포(zoochore) 8분류군, 해류산포 (hydrochore) 2분류군인 것으로 판단되며, 이외의 종들은 인위적 수단에 의하여 유입된 것으로 보인다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.247-256
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• 1987

The ability of three Echinochloa colona (L.) Link ecotypes to compete with rice (Oryza sativa L.) was evaluated. For all the ecotypes, E. colona was shorter and produced less leaf area and dry matter than rice at 15 days after seeding (DAS), whereas the reverse was observed from 30 to 60 DAS. Neither E. colona nor rice tillered during the first 15 DAS, but E. colona had greater accumulative tiller length than rice from 15 DAS. Rice absorbed more nitrogen than E. colona at 15 DAS. E. colona absorbed greater amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium than did rice between 30 and 60 DAS and increase in its density decreased the nutrients uptake of rice. Differences in the competitive ability of the ecotypes were related to the growth characteristics of the ecotypes and the period of competition between the two species. At the early growth stages the Pangasinan ecotype, which increased plant size rapidly and had a shorter life cycle, was more competitive against rice than the Leyte and South Cotabato ecotypes, which had a longer vegetative growth period. However, the reverse was observed at the later growth stages of the ecotypes.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.164-169
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• 2013

Alternatives to commercial chemical herbicide are currently being searched and tested due to the numerous adverse effects of commercially available herbicides to the environment. Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crusgalli) is an important weed species around the world, especially in paddy rice fields. This study focuses on the favorable effects of mixing pyroligneous acids with commercial liquid herbicides. Seedlings were transplanted and grown under greenhouse conditions. The effect of treatment time or leaf-stage on herbicide-pyroligneous acid efficacies was checked, coupled with isolation and quantification of biochemical compounds. Results revealed that herbicide treatment at early post emergence (2~3 leaf stage) of Echnochloa crus-galli leads to effective control. Both liquid herbicides affected fatty acid, protein, and amino acid syntheses as reflected on their contents. The influence of wood vinegar (WV) or rice vinegar (RV) on these compounds was not thoroughly verified due to lack of information on the pyroligneous products. We observed that mixing WV or RV with BCB (bentazone + cyhalof-butyl) gives more favorable results than BUC (butachlor + clomazone), mixed with WV or RV. The result would indicate the potential of mixing pyroligneous acid in reducing herbicide application rate.

• Plant Resources
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.43-48
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• 1998

The objective of this study was to determine how elevated $CO_2$ and temperature affected early growth and competition between direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa) and a common paddy weed (Echinochloa glabrascens). By using temperature gradient chambers. Rice and E. glabrescens were grown for 5 weeks at ratios of 1:0. 3:1 and 0:1 at three temperatures ($16.4^{\circ}C,\;19.8^{\circ}C,\;and\;22.2^{\circ}C$) and either in ambient (361ppm) or elevated (566ppm) $CO_2$. For both species. elevated $CO_2$ had no effect on mainstem leaf number while air temperature had a slight positive effect which was greater in E. glabrescens than rice. With elevated $CO_2$ rice leaf area index and plant height increased alightly in all species combinations but no increases were observed for E. Glabuescens. For rice in all combinations. elevated $CO_2$ tended to increase the rot and total biomass much more than any other growth parameters: the increases in root and total biomass resulting from elevated $CO_2$ ranged from 16% to 40%. depending on air temperature. At the lowest temperature, the decrease in rice biomass in combination with E. glabrescens was significantly greater at elevated $CO_2$ (18%) than ambient $CO_2$ (3%). At the highest temperature, however, the decrease in rice biomass at elevated $CO_2$ (22%) was less than that at ambient $CO_2$ (36%). The competitive ability of rice as measured by the decrease in biomass when grown in combination with E. glabrescens depended strongly on root growth and/or allocation. These results suggest that at higher temperatures elevated $CO_2$ could enhance the competitive ability of direct seeded rice during early growth. However, at lower temperatures. the competitive ability of E. glabrescens seems to be greater.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 1985

한국에서 처음으로 벼못자리와 폿트에 자란 모에서 세균성갈색줄무늬병을 기록하였다. 포장에서 자란 이병식물로부터 분리한 균주를 주사 또는 침접종한 결과, 자연상태의 병징과 비슷하였다. 공시한 10과 11종의 화본과식물 중에서 Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria viridis는 본 병원세균의 새로운 기주로 밝혀졌다. 생화학적 특성 및 병원성등을 토대로 본 세균을 Psudomonas avenae Manns로 동정하였다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.522-525
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• 1994

2-Butanoyl-5,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-one과 여러 가지의 치환 아닐린의 축합반응으로 14가지의 2-(1-anilinobutylidene)-5,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1-ones들을 좋은 수율로 합성하였다. 이들 화합물들을 여섯 가지의 다른 담수조건 잡초들에 대하여 제초활성을 검색하였다. 대부분의 화합물들은 벼의 생육에 지장을 주지 않는 우수한 선택성을 가지면서 피(Echinochloa crus-galli)와 올미(Sagittaria pygmaea)에 대하여 우수한 제초활성을 보였다.