• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to use the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI-2005) to assess diet quality and determine the relationship between the HEI-2005 and the energy and nutrient intakes of adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,104 healthy adolescents, mean age of $15.8{\pm}1.24$ years. Dietary intake was measured with the 24-hour dietary recall method, and dietary quality was assessed by means of the HEI-2005. Diet quality scores ranged from 23.7 to 77.5. The mean score was found to be $51.5{\pm}9.07$ according to the HEI-2005. There were no differences according to gender, 42.8% had a poor diet and 57.2% had a diet that needs improvement. No subjects had a "good diet". Lower mean subgroup scores were found for whole grains, total vegetables, total fruits, dairy products, and meat and beans. Fruits and vegetables scores were significantly high in girls, whereas sodium, oil, and meat and beans scores were significantly high in boys. Total HEI-2005 scores were increasingly associated with parental education level when age and gender were adjusted. There was a negative correlation between HEI-2005 scores and age, total energy intake, and fat intake. Positive correlation was only observed in the HEI-2005 scores for protein and dietary fibre intakes. Consequently, the overall diet quality and nutritional habits of Turkish adolescents need modification and improvement. In the family, measures should be initiated by the government, including advertisements and campaigns.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.66-79
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study investigated gender and age differences in nutrient intake and dietary quality of people eating alone. SUBJECTS/METHODS: From Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2016 data, 2,305 adults aged 20 years and older that ate meals alone were included in this study. Their energy and nutrients intakes, as well as their nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR), mean adequacy ratio (MAR), and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were analyzed. Food group consumption pattern, dietary variety score (DVS), dietary diversity score (DDS) were also analyzed. All data were compared among gender and age groups. RESULTS: Men consumed more energy and nutrients than women, except for vitamin C, and the NARs showed similar gender differences. The INQs of 4 nutrients (calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C, and riboflavin) were lower than 1.0 in men, whereas only the calcium INQ was lower than 1.0 in women. Men had a lower DDS (3.6) than women (3.9) (P < 0.001) and had more 'undesirable' food group consumption patterns than women (P < 0.001). The intakes of calcium, vitamin A, and vitamin C were relatively low in the young-aged group (INQs less than 1.0). In the old-aged group, the MAR level was relatively low, and the INQs of calcium, riboflavin, and niacin were below 1.0. The old-aged group consumed more menu items, but their DVS was the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: Compared to women, the dietary quality and food diversity among men were poorer. There were poorer quality and diversity patterns in the young-aged group compared to those of the older groups. An overall low intake of nutrients and the low nutrient density of meals were the main dietary problems among the old-aged group who eat alone. Therefore, men, particularly young- and old-aged, need to be prioritized in nutritional policies directed toward those who eat alone.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.227-234
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 쌀의 저장 단백질 조성 분석을 통해 자포니카와 통일형 품종의 식미 특성 차이를 구명하고자 하였다. 쌀의 저장단백질 분석 결과, 통일형 품종은 자포니카 품종에 비해 알부민과 글로부린이 각 1.2배, 1.3배, 글루텔린의 서브유닛인 산성 글루텔린 ${\alpha}-2$의 비율이 약 1.3배 낮은 반면, 글루텔린의 서브유닛인 산성 글루텔린 ${\alpha}-1$ 비율은 1.7배 높은 특성을 나타냈다. 또한, 저장단백질 조성과 식미특성의 상관성 분석을 실시한 결과, 식미 총평은 알부민(R=0.495, p<0.01), 글로부린(R=0.567, p<0.01)과 정의상관을 보였으며 산성 글루텔린 유닛인 ${\alpha}-1$은 총평과 뚜렷한 부의 상관(R=-0.612, p<0.01)이 인정되었다. 식미 총평 이외에도 밥의 외관, 맛, 찰기, 질감과 관련하여 알부민은 정의 상관, ${\alpha}-1$ 글루텔린은 부의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 생태형에 따른 저장단백질 비율이 식미 특성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위해 저장단백질 비율과 식미 특성과의 상관 분석을 실시한 결과, 산성 글루텔린의 서브유닛인 ${\alpha}-1$, 알부민, 글로부린이 통일형 품종의 식미 특성에 영향을 주는 것으로 보이며 향후, 다양한 품종을 이용한 추가 연구를 통해 정밀한 해석이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 음성과학
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of eating a raw egg by professional or nonprofessional voice users on their voice quality and the duration of the effect. 20 professional voice users and 20 nonprofessional voice users participated in the experiment and they had gone through stroboscopy to have no vocal or laryngeal diseases. The voice exam was performed three times: before eating a raw egg (1st period), right after eating it (2nd period), and 10 minutes later (3rd period). By using Multi-dimensional Voice Program which is a software of Computerized Speech Lab 4500 as a voice analysis instrument, the authors checked the F0, Jitter, Shimmer, Noise to harmonic ratio (NHR), and Voice Range Profile (VRP). Results showed as follows: Firstly, vocal hygiene was good in 57.5% of the total subjects and was poor in 42.5%. 40% of professional voice users and 75% of nonprofessional voice users hand good quality. 77.5% of the total subjects had the vocal fatigue while 22.5% of the subjects did not. 95% of the professional voice users and 60% of nonprofessional voice users complained the vocal fatigue. 60% of the total subjects reported a subjective vocal symptom. 65.0% professional voice users and 70.0% of nonprofessional voice users reported a voice symptom. From the results above, we suggest that eating a raw egg may lead to imporve voice quality of the professional voice users.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

도정도에 따른 식미의 품종간 차이를 구명하기 위해 우선 식미 관능평가를 통해 상, 중, 하로 구분하여 각각 3개 품종씩 총 9개 품종을 이용하였다. 9개 품종들은 도정도 5.5~13.5%별 이화학특성 및 식미 관능평가를 분석하였다. 식미 관능검정에 의한 식미총평은 도정도 90.5%와 88.5%에서 가장 좋았다. 품종별 식미총평이 도정도 90.5%에서 높은 A 유형과, 88.5%에서 높은 B 유형, 그리고 90.5%와 88.5%에서 유사한 C 유형과 같이 3가지 유형으로 구분이 되었다. 식미총평이 상인 일미벼, 고시히까리는 도정도 90.5%에서, 중인 추청벼, 동진벼 등은 88.5%에서 최고식미를 보였던 반면, 식미가 하인 팔공벼, 농호벼는 90.5%와 88.5%에서 모두 최고식미를 보여 도정도에 따른 식미 차이가 없는 것으로 평가 되었다. 3가지 유형별 식미총평과 이화학특성과 상관분석 결과, A유형은 Mg 함량이, B유형은 단백질 함량이, C유형은 K 함량이 상관의 유의성의 높았다. 유형별 식미총평과 관능평가 5가지 항목과의 상관 분석 결과, A유형은 찰기, B유형은 밥맛, C유형은 외관모양이 상관의 유의성에 크게 영향을 미친 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 A유형은 Mg 함량에 따른 밥의 찰기와, B유형은 단백질 함량에 따른 밥맛과, C유형은 K 함량에 따른 밥의 외관모양에 각각 영향을 준 것으로 고찰된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.234-242
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• 1987

재배환경이 서로 다른 지역에서 생산된 쌀의 이화적적 특성과 식미의 변이 정도를 밝히고 쌀의 품질평가에 유용하게 이용할 수 있는 형질을 선정할 목적으로 전국 25개 지역에서 4품종의 1986년산 벼종실을 수집하였다. 수집된 벼의 도정특성과 외관, 백미의 아밀로스함량, 알칼리붕괴도 및 아밀로그람특성. 밥을 지었을 때의 수분흡수율, 팽창용적 및 식미특성을 조사하였다. 1. 공시된 품종간 차이가 뚜렷이 나타나는 형질은 정상천입중, 현미의 형태, 투광도 및 심복백정도, 쌀가루의 아밀로그람 특성, 밥 지을 때의 수분흡수율과 밥의 외관이었다. 2. 재배지역간 변이정도가 큰 특성은 현미의 투광도, 백미의 심복백정도, 아밀로그람 특성 중 최저점도, 최종점도, 노화점도, set back 및 break down, 밥 지을 때의 수분흡수율 및 밥의 외관이었다. 3. 밥의 외관, 향기, 씹히는 감각. 찰기 및 맛으로 조사된 식미는 품종별로 지역간 변이정도가 달랐으며 시중의 상품 쌀과 비슷한 정도의 식미를 가진 쌀을 생산한 지역도 품종별로 달랐다. 4. 종합식미가 우수했던 지역과 나빴던 지역의 쌀은 천립중, 현미투광도, 백미심복백정도와 방의 외관에서 차이가 확실히 났다. 5. 자포니카 품종인 추청벼에서는 종합식미가 좋았던 쌀과 나빴던 쌀간에 아밀로그람 특성 중 최저점도, 최종점도, set back 및 break down에서 차이가 확실하였으나 통일형 품종인 태백벼에서는 일정한 경향이 없었다. 6. 추청벼는 25개 지역 중 6개 지역, 그리고 태백벼는 4개 지역에서 생산된 쌀의 아밀로그람 특성이 및 이외 지역의 쌀과 큰 차이가 났으며 여주, 연천 및 남양의 3개 지역에서 생산된 쌀은 추청벼 및 태백벼에서 모두 아밀로그람 특성이 독특하였다.가용성질소, 콜박지수, 효소력 등이다. 4. 수두형과 직두형 동질유전자계통이 재식밀도에 의하여 영향을 받지 않은 형질은 출수기, 수장이며 영향을 받는 형질은 간장, $m^2$당수수, 1수립수, 천립중, 1 $\ell$중, 수량, 정립률과 품질관련 형질들이었다. 5. 시비량에 있어서 12-12-9 kg 구가 맥주맥의 품질이 가장 좋으며 수양은 15-12-9kg 가 많았고 재식밀도에 있어서 관행재배보다 협신파재배나 세조파재배를 할수록 다시 말하면 균등배치양식을 할수록 수량이 많아지고 품질이 양호하였다. 6. 수두형이 직두형 동질유전자계통보다 품질관련형질면에서 유리하므로 양질맥주맥 품종육성에 있어서 선발지표로 할 수 있으며 수두형은 직두형보다 간이 연약하여 도복이 우려되므로 선발시 항상 유의해야 한다. 급격히 저하하고 Triticale이 호밀보다 출수기가 늦으므로 4월하순∼5월상순의 청예사료공급은 Triticale이 유리하다. 호밀이나 Triticale 중 한가지 종류만 심는 것 보다 두 종류를 심어 초기에는 호밀을, 다음에는 Triticale을 청예로 이용하면 청예이용기간을 연장할 수 있고 수확량도 크게 증가할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.들은 진흥과 IR36품종의 중간 영역에 머물고 있었다.mite처리구가 8.6%, 유황첨가구가 5.7~7.4% 증수되었음을 보이었다. 7. 식물체중의 조단백질 함량은 대조구, 5%, 10% 유황첨가구가 3.31~3.50%로서 비슷하였고 15% 유황첨가구는 3.94%, Dolomite첨가구는 5.38%였다. 아미노산도 15%유황첨가구와 Dolomite첨가구가 많이 함유되어 있었다. 현미중 조단백질은 15%유황첨가구가 10.14%로서 최고이었으며 10%유황첨가구와

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.38-53
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Abdominal obesity is associated with metabolic disorders, and, in recent years, its prevalence in Korea has continuously increased. The change of lifestyle, particularly diet, is critical for the reduction of abdominal obesity. This study evaluated the effectiveness of an intervention focused on dietary self-efficacy and behaviors on the improvement of abdominal obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Abdominally obese adults with additional cardiovascular risk factors were recruited through 16 medical facilities in South Korea from the year 2013 to 2014. The participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: an intensive intervention group (IG) that received a multi-component intervention to reduce abdominal obesity, by mainly focusing on dietary attitude and dietary behavior change, and a minimal information intervention group (MG) that received a brief explanation of health status and a simple recommendation for a lifestyle change. The interventions were provided for 6 mon, and health examinations were conducted at baseline, 3-, 6-, and 12-mon follow-ups. A path analysis was conducted to identify the process governing the changes in abdominal obesity. RESULTS: The IG showed an improvement in self-efficacy for eating control and diet quality at 6-mon follow-up. Abdominal obesity improved in both groups. Waist circumference was observed to be decreased through the path of "improved self-efficacy for eating control in food availability-eating restriction-improved dietary quality" in IG. Most changes in follow-ups were not significantly different between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The intensive program targeting the modification of dietary behavior influenced management of abdominal obesity, and the effect occurred through a step-by-step process of change in attitude and behavior. Generally, improvements were also seen in the MG, which supports the necessity of regular health check-ups and brief consultation. The results can be used for further development and implementation of more successful interventions.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.618-624
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• 1994

The addition of mustard leaf to kimchi making for extanding the optimum edible period was studied. The quality and sensory characteristics of mustard leaf added kimchi were evaluated . The activity, lactic and acetic acid contents of mustard leaf added kimchi showed lower than that of control kimchi but reducing sugar and vitamin C contents was higher. The duration of optimum edible periods of mustard leaf added kimchi lasted one more weak. While the optimum pH of kimchi for eating lasted, the sensory pannel score for sour taste of mustard leaf added kimchi was lower than that of control but the scoreas for savory taste, carbonated taste and hardness were higher . Especially , the sour taste score between two groups were significantly different (p<0.05). Overall quality score for the mustard leaf added kimchi was higher. There was no differences in texture determined by Penetrometer between mustard leaf added kimchi and control kimchi until the fermentation reached the optimal condition for eating . After that period , the degree of degradation of texture was much delayed in mustard leaf added kimchi.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

Objectives: This study examined the association of the total diet quality with the incidence risk of metabolic syndrome constituents and metabolic syndrome among Korean adults. Methods: Based on a community-based cohort of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) from 2001 to 2014, data from a total of 5,549 subjects (2,805 men & 2,744 women) aged 40~69 years at the baseline with a total follow-up period of 38,166 person-years were analyzed. The criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel was employed to define metabolic syndrome. The total diet quality was estimated using the Korean Healthy Eating Index (KHEI). Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for risk of metabolic syndrome constituents and metabolic syndrome in relation to KHEI quintile groups was calculated by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: After adjusting for age, energy intake, income, education, physical activity, smoking, and drinking, the incidence of abdominal obesity and high blood pressure was significantly lower, by approximately 29.7% (P < 0.01) and 25.2% (P < 0.01), respectively, in the fifth KHEI quintile compared to the first quintile in men. A significant decreasing trend of the metabolic syndrome incidence was observed across the improving levels of KHEI (HRq5vs.q1: 0.775, 95% CIq5vs.q1: 0.619~0.971, P for trend < 0.01). In women, the incidence of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome was significantly lower, by approximately 29.8% (P < 0.01) and 22.5% (P < 0.05), respectively, in the fifth KHEI quintile compared to the first quintile adjusting for multiple covariates. On the other hand, the linear trend of metabolic syndrome risk across the KHEI levels did not reach the significance level. Conclusions: A better diet quality can prevent future metabolic syndrome and its certain risk factors among Korean men and women.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.341-343
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• 1999

기기적인 분석 방법과 관능검사에 의해 '신고' 배 과실의 품질을 조사하여 저장력 판정의 기준을 정하고자 하였다. 상온저장고 및 $2^{\circ}C$ 저온저장고에 저장한 과실을 주요 품질 요인인 당함량과 경도에 따라 구분한 후 각각의 요인에 따른 식미인지도를 조사하였다. 저장 방식별 저장 가능기간은 식미인지도에 근거한 당함량과 경도의 변화 정도를 조사하여 설정하였다. 수확 60일 후 '신고' 배 과실을 이용하여 식미인지도를 조사한 결과, 경도의 경우 $3.3kg/8mm{\emptyset}$ 이상을 보이는 과실이 적정 식미를 보이는 것으로 평가되었고 당함량의 경우에는 13.0% 이상일 때 식미에 적합한 수준으로 평가되었다. 그러나 당함량은 저장중 지속적인 증가 경향을 보임으로써 저장기간 설정의 기준으로는 부적합한 요인으로 판정되었다. 과실의 경도를 기준으로 볼 때, 적정 식미를 유지하는 '신고' 배의 저장가능 기간은 상온저장이 30일, $2^{\circ}C$에서의 저온 저장은 120일 정도인 것으로 평가되었다.