• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.596-616
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• 2021

A global increase in fish consumption has led to a rapid expansion of aquaculture production, which has been linked to enhancing the spread of infectious diseases. Viral diseases can cause high mortality in many cultured fish species, posing a serious threat to the aquaculture industry. Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is one of the primary threats to aquacultured salmonid species, causing huge economic losses. Since the first report in cultured sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka during the 1950s in North America, IHNV has spread to other regions, including Europe, Asia, South America, and Africa by transportation of infected fish and eggs, causing disease and increasing mortality in a wide variety of salmonid species. Here, we review existing information relevant to IHNV: its phylogenetic characteristics, origin, infection history, virulence determinants, susceptible hosts, vectors, and vaccine development. This review also addresses a possible cross-species transmission of IHNV to a new host, olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, a cultured fish of economic importance in East Asian countries.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권7호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2021

Government expenditure on education has attracted much attention because it plays an important role in the economic development. The question is whether government expenditure on education has a positive or negative impact on the economic growth and vice versa. This study aims to provide reliable estimates of the relationship between government expenditure on education and economic growth with empirical evidence in Vietnam for the period 2006-2019. The data was taken from the official statistics of the General Statistics Office of Vietnam. The authors have used the VAR model and Granger causal model to determine the relationship between government expenditure on education and the economic growth. Research results show that there is a two-way nexus between the economic growth and government spending on education with a lag of about two years. From the results obtained from this research, the authors have made some policy suggestions for the Vietnamese government as how to increase investment for education. If there is a one-way causal relationship between expenditure on education and the economic growth, the government can use spending as a growth factor. However, if there is a bi-directional relationship between the government expenditure on education and the GDP growth, the government needs to ensure that resources are appropriately managed and allocated effectively to promote growth.

• 적정기술학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2021

동아프리카에 속한 우간다도 농업 중심의 현 국가 상황에서 벗어나 중상위권 국가로 도약하기 위해 다양한 국가개발 계획을 세우고 진행하고 있다. 그러나 다양한 정부의 노력에도 도시-농촌간 균형적인 발전을 이루지 못하고 그 격차가 더욱 심화되고 있다. 특별히 도시-농촌간 교육 격차는 장기적으로 우간다 국가계발 계획에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있는 문제점으로 부각되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 우간다의 도시-농촌간 교육 불균형이 가속화되고 있는 원인들을 살펴 보고 전자도서관 시스템과 같은 ICT 적정 기술을 활용하여 교육 불균형을 감소 시킬 수 있는 방안을 소개하고자 한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.11-22
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• 2021

This study investigates the long-run relationship between the de jure economic, political, and social globalization and foreign direct investments in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to establish whether policies that foster trade and investment relations among geographical entities can help revive the GCC countries from the prevailing economic debacles of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study is driven by the GCC's quest to fully overcome the economic challenges occasioned by the outbreak of the global pandemic and position itself as the most potent regional economic bloc in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The study employs the panel data of the six GCC countries of Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar, Oman, and Saudi Arabia from 1971 to 2017. The findings of the panel fully modified ordinary least square regression estimation show that the de jure economic and social globalization have a significant positive impact on the region's foreign direct investment inflows. The impact of the de jure political globalization on foreign direct investment is statistically significant but negatively signed. Based on the preceding findings, we offer some holistic policy recommendations to the GCC region as recipes for timely recovery from the economic impact of COVID-19 and beyond.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.108-113
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• 2022

Amblovenatum immersum (Blume) Mazumdar (Thelypteridaceae) is newly recorded in Vietnam. It is similar to A. terminans (Panigrahi) J. P. Roux in its woody rhizome and cristate spores but differs in terms of its plant size, lobed pinnae, lobed segments, veinlets, sori and indusia. It was previously found to exist in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Thailand as well as in east Africa, tropical America, northern Australia and Micronesia. The present study provides a detailed description, photos, and line drawing of the species. Furthermore, a comparison of the diagnostic characters with the closely related species in Vietnam A. terminans is provided.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.201-211
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• 2022

The economic development of most countries in the world has negatively impacted fossil energy resources. Fossil energy sources such as petroleum and coal are increasingly depleted. When energy sources are exhausted, renewable energy sources are growing strongly. Renewable energy development can help to replace diminishing fossil fuels. Furthermore, the usage of renewable energy can contribute to a green economy and sustainable development by protecting the environment. Solar power on the roof is one of the many renewable energy sources available. But at present, the investment in roof voltage systems has not developed strongly in Vietnam. This paper uses the SEM model to evaluate the factors affecting investment in rooftop solar power in some provinces of Vietnam. The article uses the household interview method. The article has given 8 factors affecting the decision to invest in rooftop solar power for households. Research results show that most of the factor variables have a positive impact on the decision to invest in rooftop solar power. Based on assessing the factors affecting the decision to invest in rooftop solar power, the article will provide conclusions and policy suggestions to increase investment in rooftop solar power in Vietnam.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

This study suggests an integrated theoretical framework for the relationship between political risk and multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiary's performance in the emerging market. The political risk would have a negative impact on MNC subsidiary's performance in the emerging countries that are developing in Asia, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Africa, and South America. The major reason is that political risks could generate a loss of benefit or a loss of control for MNC's subsidiary. In this study, I suggest that corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy would be a solution to overcome various political risks. Specifically, the affiliated firms with diversified industries or greater financial resources could mitigate the negative impact of political risk than unaffiliated firms. Because they can use their tangible or nontangible asset such as information, technology, and construction in order to gain legitimacy and trust from local government, local community, and local firms in the emerging market. Finally, I claimed the costs of the affiliated firms would exceed the benefits at the initial stages, while the benefits of affiliated firms would exceed the costs over time when political risks become higher. The reason is that the trust gained from local stakeholders accumulates over time and the impact of CSR strategy would become an important solution to overcome the risks in and unstable context.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2017

첫 번째 에볼라 출혈열 발발은 1976년 콩고 민주 공화국과 수단에서 발생했으며, 이후 2014년서 아프리카에서 27,741건, 11,284건의 사망자가 발생했다. 발열은 Filoviridae 계열에 속하며 ssRNA 게놈을 가진 에볼라 바이러스에 의해 발생했다. 바이러스의 알려진 아형은 Bundibugyo ebolavirus, Reston ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Tai Forest ebolavirus 및 Zaire ebolavirus이다. 역사적으로 에볼라의 주요 발생 지역은 동부 및 중부 아프리카 열대 지방에서 발생했다. 서아프리카에서의 발발로 인해 전세계 사회에서 수많은 사망과 공포가 확산되었다. 효과적인 치료와 백신이 없는 상황에서 전염병을 관리하고 통제하는 가장 중요한 방법은 정확한 진단을 통해서이다. WHO(세계 보건기구)는 체외진단(IVD) 검사에서 에볼라의 선택과 사용에 관한 긴급 지침을 발표했다. RealStar Ebolavirus Screen RT-PCR 키트 1.0 (Altona), Liferiver-Ebola Virus (EBOV) 실시간 RT-PCR 키트, Xpert 에볼라 검사 및 ReEBOV 항원 검사를 통해 수많은 회사 및 연구 기관에서 진단을 받고 4가지 WHO 조달 승인 진단을 확인했다. 또한, 신속한 검사 키트 Rapid Diagnosis Test (RDT)와 같은 새로운 진단법이 현재 연구 중이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2016

Background: Bladder cancer is an international public health problem. It is the ninth most common cancer and the fourteenth leading cause of death due to cancer worldwide. Given aging populations, the incidence of this cancer is rising. Information on the incidence and mortality of the disease, and their relationship with level of economic development is essential for better planning. The aim of the study was to investigate bladder cancer incidence and mortality rates, and their relationship with the the Human Development Index (HDI) in the world. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained from incidence and mortality rates presented by GLOBOCAN in 2012. Data on HDI and its components were extracted from the global bank site. The number and standardized incidence and mortality rates were reported by regions and the distribution of the disease were drawn in the world. For data analysis, the relationship between incidence and death rates, and HDI and its components was measured using correlation coefficients and SPSS software. The level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: In 2012, 429,793 bladder cancer cases and 165,084 bladder death cases occurred in the world. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized incidence were Belgium 17.5 per 100,000, Lebanon 16.6/100,000, Malta 15.8/100,000, Turkey 15.2/100,000, and Denmark 14.4/100,000. Five countries that had the highest age-standardized death rates were Turkey 6.6 per 100,000, Egypt 6.5/100,000, Iraq 6.3/100,000, Lebanon 6.3/100,000, and Mali 5.2/100,000. There was a positive linear relationship between the standardized incidence rate and HDI (r=0.653, P<0.001), so that there was a positive correlation between the standardized incidence rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population. A positive linear relationship was also noted between the standardized mortality rate and HDI (r=0.308, P<0.001). There was a positive correlation between the standardized mortality rate with life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and the level of income per person of population. Conclusions: The incidence of bladder cancer in developed countries and parts of Africa was higher, while the highest mortality rate was observed in the countries of North Africa and the Middle East. The program for better treatment in developing countries to reduce mortality from the cancer and more detaiuled studies on the etiology of are essential.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.31-43
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• 2017

The article is devoted to the theoretical and practical analysis of Chinese global leadership. The concept of leadership is applied as a methodology, which involves identifying the main factors, such as strategic power, the attractiveness of political institutions, the ability to provide acceptable ideas and the presence of allies that contribute to a comprehensive analysis of the country's leadership potential. The authors also describe the relevance of Chinese global leadership and analyze its domestic, economic and international causes. Moreover, the ''Belt and Road'' initiative is defined as the main mechanism for providing the influence of China on the global level which is now being changed its quantitative component, namely the increasing attention to the security aspects of this initiative. In addition to that, it is important to note that China maintains its economic and political positions in Africa, Central Asia and South-East Asia. Africa has a special role in the Chinese ''Belt and Road'' initiative as a recipient of Chinese investments and a site for the deployment of China's naval facilities to protect the trade routes. On the regional level, China will strive to become a leader of the trade and economic processes in the Asia-Pacific region, the South China Sea and the North Korea nuclear program issues. The American factor in modern international relations, namely so-called "Trump factor", which means the U.S. withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Paris Agreement, will cause demand for Chinese leadership in the Asia-Pacific region and in the world as well. However, in this case a number of questions arise: is China prepared for this? Is Beijing able to bear greater responsibility? Does China have the potential for this? The article concludes that China will not become global leaders in the next 20-30 years, because of internal (political reforms) and foreign policy reasons (doctrinal formulation of foreign policy initiatives, military-political and economic power, international posture and relations with other states). The authors believe that the implementation of Chinese leadership is possible not on the condition of confrontation between China and the United States, but on the establishing of constructive relations between these countries. The last meeting between Trump and Xi Jinping showed a trend for creating channels for dialogue between Beijing and Washington, which can become the basis for interaction. An important place in the work is given to the analysis of development and forecasting the evolution of Russian-Chinese and U.S.-China relations. As for Russia, Moscow should conduct a policy that will not allow it to become a ''junior partner'' of China.