• 물과 미래
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1975

The east coast seems to have remarkably different features from the west and south coast in the geographical, geomorphological, and oceanographical senses. In this paper the auther wishes to introduce some results of investigation morphological characteristics of the river mouth in the east coast an of analysis of it's causes. There are various closing form in river mouth by many causes, but the east coast hs the same closing form(the ratio of closing; roughly 0.18), as well known, by the sand spit, and has not hydrological but littoral drift background. The river of the east coast is proved mature age from hypsometric analysis. The wave and longshore current must be principal factor to be considered, in the analysis of the closing phenomenon owing to littoral drift. The research of the blown sand is considered valuable for the next study of this subject.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2008

In order to investigate the effect of inflow of Yangze river on the distribution of chlorophyll-${\alpha}$, the results of serial oceanographic observation during 2000-2005 were used. The oceanographic conditions in the northern East China Sea is influenced by the Tsushima Warm Current and low saline water derived from the Yangze river. The distributions of these water masses vary significantly by the season in the northern East China Sea. The sea surface temperature and salinity were stable and concentrations of chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ were low in the eastern part of $126^{\circ}E$. On the contrary, the salinity was significantly influenced by the low saline water derived from Yangze river with the high concentrations of chlorophyll-${\alpha}$. It is suggested that the low saline water inflowed from the Yangze river affects high concentrations of chlorophyll-${\alpha}$ in the northern East China Sea in summer.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2000

Supposed construction of a large port in the mouth of Tuman River requires careful examination of possible unfavorable ecological consequences for the Far Eastern Federal Marine Reserve. Since the Tuman River is the largest source of suspended material and possible contaminants flowing into the sea, and in order to understand how this material is allocated in the coastal zone, analyses are needed to check possible pathways of water transport and circulation system in the region. Linearized shallow water equations were used for numerical simulation of the wind-driven circulation to the north off the Tuman River mouth. The model results satisfactorily agreed with in situ data. The model circulation patterns are largely dependent on the wind direction and are conformed by the distribution of bottom sediments, and by the location of organic carbon and some pollutants accumulation zones. The most unfavorable situation for the Marine Reserve is the case of the southwesterly wind; even with quite moderate wind, the waters polluted by the run-off from the Tuman River can attain the south section of the Marine Reserve during the diurnal period.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2013

An investigation of the karyotypes of two species of the genus Brachymystax (B. lenok and B. tumensis) has been done for the Russia Primorye rivers running to the East Sea basin, and others belonging to Amur basin. Based on the analysis of two species chromosome characteristics, combined with original and literary data, four cytotypes have been described. One of these cytotypes (Cytotype I: 2n=90, NF=110-118) was the most common. This common cytotype belongs to B. tumensis from the rivers of the East Sea basin and B. lenok from the rivers of the Amur basin, i.e. extends to the zones of allopatry. In the rivers of the Amur river basin, in the zone of the sympatric habitat of two species, each taxon has karyotypes with different chromosome numbers, B. tumensis (2n=92) and B. lenok (2n=90). Because of the ability to determine a number of the chromosome arms for these two species, additional cytotype have been identified for B. tumensis: Cytotype II with 2n=92, NF=110-124 in the rivers basins of the Yellow sea and Amur river and for B. lenok three cytotypes: Cytotype I: 2n=90, NF=110 in the Amur river basin; Cytotype III with 2n=90, NF=106-126 in the Amur river basin and Cytotypes IV with 2n=92, NF=102 in the Baikal lake.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.649-654
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• 2002

In summer season of 1998, a huge flood occurred around the Yangtze River in the eastern China. The low salinity water less than 28 psu from the river was detected around the southeastern part of the Jeju Island which is located in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. We studied how to detect low salinity water from the Yangtze River, which gives terrible damages to the Korean fisheries. We got the relationships between low surface salinity, turbid water from the Yangtze River and digital ocean color using remote sensing of SeaWiFS satellite in the northern East China Sea in summer seanson of 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001. The charts of salinity in the northern East China Sea were made by the regenerating of the satellite ocean color data with the formula from the relationships between low salinity, in situ turbid water (transparency) and satellite ocean color.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.153-162
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• 2004

In the summer of 1998-2001, a huge flood occurred in the Yangtze River in the eastern China. Low salinity water less than 28 psu from the river was detected around the southwestern part of the Jeju Island, which is located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. We studied how to detect low salinity water from the Yangtze River, that cause a terrible damage to the Korean fisheries. We established a relationships between low salinity at surface, turbid water from the Yangtze River and digital ocean color remotely sensed data of SeaWiFS sensor in the northern East China Sea, in the summer of 1998, 1999, 2000 and 2001. The salinity charts of the northern East China Sea were created by regeneration of the satellite ocean color data using the empirical formula from the relationships between in situ low salinity, in situ measured turbid water with transparency and SeaWiFS ocean color data (normalized water leaving radiance of 490 nm/555 nm).

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2008

섬진강과 동해로 유입하는 하천인 오십천, 양양남대천 및 주수천에서 2007년 3월부터 10월까지 은어를 채집하여 체장분포와 생식소 성숙도를 조사 비교하였다. 조사 결과 산란시기에 수온은 $17{\sim}23^{\circ}C$사이였으며, 평균 수온이 높은 섬진강산 은어는 9월 하순 부터 11월 초순 사이에 산란이 이루어졌고, 동해로 유입하는 하천에 서식하는 은어집단들은 그보다 1개월 빠른 8월 하순부터 10월 중순에 주로 산란이 이루어졌다. GSI와 HSI의 변화 역시 수온변화와 유사하게, 섬진강산의 은어가 동해안산의 은어보다 먼저 증가하였다. 동일시기에 성숙한 암컷 생식소의 조직학적 관찰에서도 섬진강에 서식하는 은어집단에서 동해안에 분포하는 은어집단에 비해 늦게 산란기에 도달하는 것을 확인하였다. 포란수는 조사지점별로 차이를 보이지 않았으며 체장에 비례하여 증가하였다. 조사된 은어의 집단별 체장의 차이는 하천의 길이에 따라 증가하였으며, 하천규모가 긴 섬진강(유로연장: 223.86 km, 유역면적: $4,911.89km^2$), 오십천(55.76 km, $393.78km^2$), 양양남대천(54 km, $474.09km^2$), 주수천 (21.1 km, $141.47km^2$) 순으로 $194{\pm}15.3mm$, $185{\pm}15.5mm$, $142{\pm}11.8mm$, $136{\pm}16.7mm$를 나타내 차이를 보였다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.259-281
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 고지도에 표현된 쟁점이 되는 백두산 동류 하천인 토문강 분계강 두만강 하천 유로의 분석을 통해 고지도에 나타난 북방영역 인식, 토문강 두만강의 1강설과 2강설, 분계강의 의미에 대하여 연구하는 것이다. 백두산 영역권과 만주를 포함하고 있는 한국의 고지도 248점 가운데 백두산이 그려져 있지 않은 지도를 제외한 160점의 고지도를 유형화하여 연구의 분석에 활용하였다. 연구의 결과 고지도에서 백두산 북동부 유로는 다양하게 나타나며, 토문강과 두만강 2강설은 대체로 확대된 북방영역 인식을 표출하고, 1강설을 나타내는 지도 중에는 분계강을 속평강과 같은 강으로 표현하여 확대된 북방영역 인식을 표출하기도 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그런데 1강설의 지도가운데 분계강의 의미가 현재 지명의 해란하인 경우, 지도에는 확대된 영토인식이 나타나지 않고 현재 한반도와 중국의 국경선과 일치되는 국경인식이 나타난다. 고지도에서 분계강은 첫째, 속평강과 같은 강으로 확대된 영토인식이 나타나며 둘째, 토문강과 같은 강으로 토문강의 하류이다. 셋째, 현재 지명의 해란하를 표현하고 넷째, 단순히 분계를 나타내는 강을 의미한다.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.119-135
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• 2004

A three-dimensional numerical model using POM (the Princeton Ocean Model) is established in order to understand the dispersion processes of the Yangtze River water in the Yellow and East China Seas. The circulation experiments for the seas are conducted first, and then on the bases of the results the dispersion experiments for the river water are executed. For the experiments, we focus on the tide effects and wind effects on the processes. Four cases of systematic experiments are conducted. They comprise the followings: a reference case with no tide and no wind, of tide only, of wind only, and of both tide and wind. Throughout this study, monthly mean values are used for the Kuroshio Current input in the southern boundary of the model domain, for the transport through the Korea Strait, for the river discharge, for the sea surface wind, and for the heat exchange rate across the air-sea interface. From the experiments, we obtained the following results. The circulation of the seas in winter is dependent on the very strong monsoon wind as several previous studies reported. The wintertime dispersion of the Yangtze River water follows the circulation pattern flowing southward along the east coast of China due to the strong monsoon wind. Some observed salinity distributions support these calculation results. In summertime, generally, low-salinity water from the river tends to spread southward and eastward as a result of energetic vertical mixing processes due to the strong tidal current, and to spread more eastward due to the southerly wind. The tide effect for the circulation and dispersion of the river water near the river mouth is a dominant factor, but the southerly wind is still also a considerable factor. Due to both effects, two major flow directions appear near the river mouth. One of them is a northern branch flow in the northeast area of the river mouth moving eastward mainly due to the weakened southerly wind. The other is a southern branch flow directed toward the southeastern area off the river mouth mostly caused by tide and wind effects. In this case, however, the tide effect is more dominant than the wind effect. The distribution of the low salinity water follows the circulation pattern fairly well.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.714-724
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• 2005

The East Sea, a semi-enclosed marginal sea with shallow straits in the northwest Pacific, is marked by the nearly geographic isolation and the low sea surface salinity during the last glacial maximum (LGM). The East Sea might have the only connection to the open ocean through the Korea Strait with a sill depth of 130 m, allowing the paleo-Tsushima Water to enter the sea during the LGM. The low paleosalinity associated with abnormally light $\delta^{18}O$ values of planktonic foraminifera is interpreted to have resulted from river discharge and precipitation. Nevertheless, two LGM features in the East Sea are disputable. This study attempts to estimate volume transport of the paleo-Tsushima Water via the Korea Strait and further examines its effect on the low sea surface salinity (SSS) during the lowest sea level of the LGM. The East Sea was not completely isolated, but partially linked to the northern East China Sea through the Korea Strait during the LGM. The volume transport of the paleo-Tsushima Water during the LGM is calculated approximately$(0.5\~2.1)\times10^{12}m^3/yr$ on the basis of the selected seismic reflection profiles along with bathymetry and current data. The annual influx of the paleo-Tsushima Water is low, compared to the 100 m-thick surface water volume $(about\;79.75\times10^{12}m^3)$ in the East Sea. The paleo-Tsushima Water influx might have changed the surface water properties within a geologically short time, potentially decreasing sea surface salinity. However, the effect of volume transport on the low sea surface salinity essentially depends on freshwater amounts within the paleo-Tsushima Water and excessive evaporation during the glacial lowstands of sea level. Even though the paleo-Tsushima Water is assumed to have been entirely freshwater at that time period, it would annually reduce only about 1‰ of salinity in the surface water of the East Sea. Thus, the paleo-Tsushima Water influx itself might not be large enough to significantly reduce the paleosalinity of about 100 m-thick surface layer during the LGM. This further suggests contribution of additional river discharges from nearby fluvial systems (e.g. the Amur River) to freshen the surface water.