• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1997년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.224-231
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• 1997

A study on the seismic responses for a base isolated structure subjected to earthquakes with different frequency characteristics is peformed with time history analyses. Two types of seismic inputs are considered in these analyses, one is short period earthquakes such as El Centro(1940, NS), the other is long period ones such as Mexico(1985). The seismic responses of the base isolated structure depend on seismic input types and isolation frequencies. In this study the 0.5 Hz of isolation frequency for short period earthquakes remarkably reduces the acceleration responses, increases the relative displacements of isolator that are still within the proposed limits of isolator. However higher isolation frequency for long period earthquakes is more adequate to reduce the seismic responses of the base isolated structures; in the study 0.75 Hz is effective to Mexico 1985 earthquake.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제3권3_4호
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• pp.315-340
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• 2012

There are many types of seismic isolation devices that are being used today for structural control of earthquake response in buildings. The most commonly used are sliding bearings and elastomeric bearings, the latter with or without lead core. An alternative solution is the use of steel springs combined with viscoelastic fluid dampers, which is the case discussed in this paper. An analytical study of a three-story building supported on helical steel springs and viscoelastic fluid dampers, GERB Control System (GCS), subjected to near-fault earthquakes is presented. Several earthquakes records have been obtained by the acceleration network installed in the isolated building and in its non-isolated twin since they were finished. These experimental results are analysed and discussed. The aim is to show that the spring-based system can be an alternative for base isolation of small building located near active faults.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.343-362
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• 2004

Rocking response of rigid bodies with rectangular footprint, freely standing on horizontal rigid plane is studied analytically. Bodies are subjected to simulated single component of horizontal earthquakes. The effect of baseline correction, applied to simulated excitations, on the rocking response is first examined. The sensitiveness of rocking motion to the details of earthquakes and geometric properties of rigid bodies is investigated. Due to the demonstrated sensitivity of rocking response to these factors, prediction of rocking stability must be made in the framework of probability theory. Therefore, using a large number of simulated earthquakes, the effects of duration and shape of intensity function of simulated earthquakes on overturning probability of rigid bodies are studied. In the case when a rigid body is placed on any floor of a building, the corresponding probability is compared to that of a body placed on the ground. For this purpose, several shear frames are employed. Finally, the viability of the energy balance equation, which was introduced by Housner in 1963 and widely used by nuclear power industry to estimate the rocking stability of bodies, is evaluated. It is found that the equation is robust. Examples are also given to show how this equation can be used.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.725-742
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• 2015

Tuned mass dampers (TMD) are devices employed in vibration control since the beginning of the twentieth century. However, their implementation for controlling the seismic response in civil structures is more recent. While the efficiency of TMD on structures under far-field earthquakes has been demonstrated, the convenience of its employment against near-fault earthquakes is still under discussion. In this context, the study of this type of device is raised, not as an alternative to the seismic isolation, which is clearly a better choice for new buildings, but rather as an improvement in the structural safety of existing buildings. Seismic records with an impulsive character have been registered in the vicinity of faults that cause seismic events. In this paper, the ability of TMD to control the response of structures that experience inelastic deformations and eventually reach collapse subject to the action of such earthquakes is studied. The results of a series of nonlinear dynamic analyses are presented. These analyses are performed on a numerical model of a structure under the action of near-fault earthquakes. The structure analyzed in this study is a steel frame which behaves as a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system. TMD with different mass values are added on the numerical model of the structure, and the TMD performance is evaluated by comparing the response of the structure with and without the control device.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권6호
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• pp.751-763
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• 2020

Available records of recent earthquakes show that near-field earthquakes have different characteristics than far-field earthquakes. In general, most of these unique characteristics of near-fault records can be attributed to their forward directivity. This phenomenon causes the records of ground motion normal to the fault to entail pulses with long periods in the velocity time history. The energy of the earthquake is almost accumulated in these pulses causing large displacements and, accordingly, severe damages in the building. Damage to structures caused by past earthquakes raises the need to assess the chance of future earthquake damage. There are a variety of methods to evaluate building seismic vulnerabilities with different computational cost and accuracy. In the meantime, fragility curves, which defines the possibility of structural damage as a function of ground motion characteristics and design parameters, are more common. These curves express the percentage of probability that the structural response will exceed the allowable performance limit at different seismic intensities. This study aims to obtain the fragility curve for low- and mid-rise structures of reinforced concrete moment frames by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). These frames were exposed to an ensemble of 18 ground motions (nine records near-faults and nine records far-faults). Finally, after the analysis, their fragility curves are obtained using the limit states provided by HAZUS-MH 2.1. The result shows the near-fault earthquakes can drastically influence the fragility curves of the 6-story building while it has a minimal impact on those of the 3-story building.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.272-282
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• 2019

지진 관련 정책 입안과 수행에 우선적으로 고려되어야 할 정보가 지진 발생현황이지만, 대도시와 인구밀집 지역의 경우 높은 생활잡음으로 인해 작은 규모의 지진 발생을 정확히 인지하지 못하는 경우가 많다. 본 연구에서는 2010년부터 2017년까지 부산지역에서 발생했지만, 규모가 작아 기상청 지진목록에 수록되지 않은 미소 지진 10회를 파형의 유사성을 이용하여 검출하였고, 기존에 발생사실을 알고 있던 지진을 포함하여 총 12회의 지진을 분석에 사용하였다. 새로이 보고되는 지진은 선형을 보이면서 발생하고 있지만, 주변의 단층과 직접적으로 연관하여 해석하기에는 자료가 충분치 않다. 규모가 작은 미소 지진이 꾸준히 발생한다는 것은 지하에 지진을 일으키는 단층이 존재함을 시사하고, 부산과 같은 인구밀집 지역에서 과거 피해를 유발한 역사지진과 비슷한 규모의 지진이 발생한다면 대형 피해로 발전될 가능성이 매우 크다. 최근 우리나라에서 발생한 피해 유발 지진이 지표파열을 동반하지 않고 발생하고 있음을 고려할 때 현재 발생하고 있는 미소 지진 현황을 파악하여 지표 단층조사와 함께 지하단층을 규명하는데 활용하여야 한다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2024

최근 기후변화 등 달라진 해양 환경으로 인해 태풍 파랑의 빈도 및 강도가 증가하고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 일본, 칠레, 아이티, 중국, 인도네시아 등 세계적으로 잦은 지진으로 인해 많은 피해가 발생하고 있다. 우리나라 역시 2000년대에 들어서 태풍에 의한 피해가 증가하고 있으며, 지진의 발생 빈도와 강도도 증가하고 있다. 우리나라는 삼면이 바다로 되어있어 태풍에 의해 해안구조물에 많은 피해가 발생할 수 있으며 지진 역시 해안구조물에 많은 피해를 야기시킨다. 이처럼 국내·외적으로 태풍 파랑과 지진의 빈도 및 강도가 증가하는 추세이나 태풍과 지진을 연계한 연구는 전무하다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 케이슨식 방파제에 태풍 파랑과 지진을 연계하여 총 4가지 Case에 대해 수치해석을 수행하였다. Case 1은 파랑하중, Case 2는 지진파를 각각 적용하였고, Case 3은 파랑하중 이후 지진 발생, Case 4는 지진파 이후 파랑하중까지 적용하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 수치해석 결과 태풍과 지진을 연계한 Case 3과 Case 4의 경우 기존에 지반의 강도가 저하된 상태에서 하중을 적용하여 각 하중에 의한 피해가 Case 1과 Case 2에 비해 증가한 것을 확인하였다. 또한, 파랑하중 이후 지진파를 적용한 Case 3에서 피해가 가장 큰 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2017

In order to modeling seismic isolation system such as lead-rubber bearing (LRB), bilinear model is widely used by many researchers. In general, an actual force-displacement relationship for LRB has a smooth hysteretic shape. So, Bouc-Wen model with smooth hysteretic shape represents more accurately actual hysteretic shape than bilinear model. In this study, seismic responses for seismically isolated nuclear power plant (NPP) with LRB modelled by Bouc-Wen and bilinear models are compared with those of NPP without seismic isolation system. To evaluate effect of earthquake characteristics for seismic responses of NPP isolated by LRB, 5 different site class earthquakes distinguished by Geomatrix 3rd Letter Site Classification and artificially generated earthquakes corresponding to standard design spectrum by Reg. Guide 1.60 are used as input earthquakes. From the seismic response results of seismically isolated NPP, it can be observed that maximum displacements of seismic isolation modelled by Bouc-Wen model are larger than those by bilinear model. Seismic responses of NPP with LRB is significantly reduced than those without LRB. This reduction effect for seismic responses of NPP subjected to Site A (rock) earthquakes is larger than that to Site E (soft soil) earthquakes.

• 지질공학
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.309-329
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• 1995

역사지진 카탈로그 즉, 1960년대 전과 이후 1995년까지의 지진관측을 이용하여 한반도의 지진활동과 응력상태가 연구되었다. 이씨왕조의 처음 1400-1600년대의 200년동안 역사지진 카탈로그는 크게 완성되었다. 그후부터 카탈로그는 거의 강진만 완성하는데 주력했다. 강진분포를 볼때 한반도 지진대는 서울-평양 지진대, 남부지진대, 그리고 북부지진대로 나눌 수 있다. 이들 강진의 초동 메카니즘은 그리드 테스팅 방법(grid testing method)에 의해서 재분석되었다. 지진메카니즘 결과는 압축방향이 동서방향을 따라서 수평으로 놓여 있음을 발견했다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.487-498
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• 2018

Buckling-restrained braces are passive control devices with high level of energy dissipation ability. However, they suffer from low post-yield stiffness which makes them vulnerable to severe ground motions, especially near-field earthquakes. Among the several methods proposed to improve resistance of BRB frames, mega-brace configuration can be a solution to increase frame lateral strength and stiffness and improve distribution of forces to prevent large displacement in braces. Due to the limited number of research regarding the performance of such systems, the current paper aims to assess seismic performance of BRB frames with mega-bracing arrangement under near-field earthquakes via a detailed probabilistic framework. For this purpose, a group of multi-story mega-BRB frames were modelled by OpenSEES software platform. In the first part of the paper, simplified procedures including nonlinear pushover and Incremental Dynamic Analysis were conducted for performance evaluation. Two groups of near-fault seismic ground motions (Non-pulse and Pulse-like records) were considered for analyses to take into account the effects of record-to-record uncertainties, as well as forward directivity on the results. In the second part, seismic reliability analyses are conducted in the context of performance based earthquake engineering. Two widely-known EDP-based and IM-based probabilistic frameworks are employed to estimate collapse potential of the structures. Results show that all the structures can successfully tolerate near-field earthquakes with a high level of confidence level. Therefore, mega-bracing configuration can be an effective alternative to conventional BRB bracing to withstand near-field earthquakes.