• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.109-119
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the geographical location information data and the damage trends according to the type of landform for the study of various cultural properties in 44 traditional places with national designated cultural properties damaged by the racing earthquake on September 12, 2016. The landform type was the most enclosed type, and the location type was more frequent in the surrounding area, such as urban and rural areas. The waterside type was located along rivers, rivers, valleys, lakes, and oceans except for the top of the mountain, but this area was found to be vulnerable to earthquakes, It is understood that it should be referred from cultural property management the side. 26 of the total 44 were temples. The elevation and slope increased with increasing of the flat type, the background type, the enclosed type, the mountain type, and the top type. Most often located on 1-20 % slopes, with the slope facing south more often than not. Within the 10 km range from the epicenter, 23% were concentrated, within the range of nearly 65 km, the background type was closest, and was concentrated in the northeast and southwest from the epicenter. In this study, it is meaningful to analyze earthquake damage in various aspects from the viewpoint of traditional space which is a landscaping cultural property and it will be used for planning, designing and managing traditional spaces.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.165-184
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• 1996

The earthquake(M=4.5 by KMA), which occurred in the northeastern part of Yeongweol($37^{\circ}$ 15.75' N, $128^{\circ}$ 42.13' E) on December 13, 1996, shows shallow focal depth(about 8.0km) and relatively large felt area covering most of the southern peninsula. This is the first medium-size earthquake in inland region of the southern peninsula since 1978. It did not trigger foreshock but 13 aftershocks($M{\;}{\geq}{\;}2.5$) for a month. The intensity based on the felt area estimation of about 400 places shows MIMI III-VII in inland region, II on Cheju Island and I on ulreung Island. The isoseismal of MIMI VII shows an elongated circle in the direction of NE-SW and covers some parts of Jungdong-myon, Yeongweol-kun, Sindong-eup and Nam-myun, Jeongseon-kun. There occurred quite strong shaking, numerous cracks on the walls of buildings, falling and movement of slate and tiles on the roofs, falling of tiles from the wall and falling of materials from desks, rock falling from mountain and collapse of gravel layers on the river side. Mainshock and aftershocks occurred condensely between Yemi and Hwaam areas. The felt area due to the Yeongweol earthquake is Quite larger than those of similar size earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.379-386
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was to the fragility evaluation of I-shape curved beam structure subjected to strong ground motions including Gyeongju and Pohang earthquakes Method: In particular, to conduct the analytical model, ABAQUS and ANSYS platform was used in this study. Furthermore, the analytical model using 3D Finite Element Model (FEM) was validated, in comparison to the theoretical solutions at the location of 025L, 05L, and 0.75L in static loading condition. In addition, in order to evaluate the seismic fragility of the curved beam structure, 20 seismic ground motions were selected and Monte-Carlo Simulation was used for the empirical fragility evaluation from 0.2g to 1.5g. Result: It was interesting to find that the probability of the system failure was found at 0.2g, as using 190 MPa limit state and the probability of the failure using 390 MPa limit state was starting from 0.6g. Conclusion: This study showed the comparison of the theoretical solution with analytical solution on I-shaped curved beam structures and it was interesting to note that the system subjected to strong ground motions was sensitive to high frequency earthquake. Further, the seismic fragility corresponding to the curved beam shapes must be evaluated.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.409-416
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• 2020

The seismic performance of a containment structure should be secured to maintain the structural soundness of a containment structure under various earthquakes that occur globally. Therefore, an analysis of the seismic performance of a modular containment structure for a small modular reactor is also required. To analyze the seismic performance of modular containment, FEM models with contact surfaces between the modules and tendon were prepared and the modal and seismic analyses were performed. The displacement, stress, and gap size of modular containment under earthquake wave were analyzed. The effects of the tendon force, friction coefficient, and earthquake wave on the seismic performance were analyzed. The seismic performance of monolithic containment was also analyzed for comparison. In the 1st and 2nd natural modes, which most likely affect, the modular containment showed horizontal dynamic behavior, which is similar to monolithic containment, because of the combined effects of the tendon force and friction force between modules. When the combined effect is sufficient, the seismic performance of the modular containment is secured over a certain level. An additional increase in seismic performance is expected when some material with a larger friction coefficient is adopted on the contact surface.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.601-611
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• 2016

The research, development and use of seismic isolation systems have been increasing with the gradual development of structure safety assurance methods for earthquakes. The High Damping Rubber Bearing (HDRB), one type of seismic isolation system, is a Laminated Rubber Bearing using special High Damping Rubber. However, as its damping function is slightly lower than that of the Lead Rubber Bearing, a similar seismic isolation system, its utilization has not been high. However, the HDRB has a superior damping force to the Natural Rubber Bearing, which has similar materials and shapes, and the existing Lead Rubber Bearing has a maleficence problem in that it contains lead. Thus, studies on HDRBs that do not use lead have increased. In this study, a test targeting the HDRB was done to examine its various dependence properties, such as its compressive stress, frequency and repeated loading. To evaluate the HDRB's seismic performance in response to several earthquake waves, the shaking table test was performed and the results analyzed. The test used the downscaled bridge model and the HDRB was divided into seismic and non-seismic isolation. Consequently, when the HDRB was applied, the damping effect was higher in the non-seismic case. However, its responses on weak foundations, such as in Mexico City, represented increased shapes. Thus, its seismic isolator.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2009

Total number of recorded earthquakes in Korea is more than 2,000 of which 48 were catastrophic. The impacts from infrastructure damage due to an earthquake to production facilities and lifelines may spread across boundaries of several regions via import-export relationships and can bring serious economic impact to other regions. The economic impacts from unscheduled events stem not only from the damage and direct losses, but also from the indirect losses during the recovery and reconstruction periods. To recover and reconstruct the facilities and lifelines damaged by unexpected events through investment or government financial aid, both the direct and the indirect economic impacts from an event need to be measured in regional and interregional contexts. Direct economic impact is the direct change of production and demand due to the disruption of production facilities and lifelines from an unexpected event, and indirect economic impact is the change in other sectors due to inter-industry relationships. The purpose of the paper is to analyze various economic impacts of an earthquake, especially impacts on transportation networks in Korea. We collected spatial and economic data from Korea, and analyzed and estimated final demand loss and commodity flows from the unscheduled event.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2020

In this study, the possibility of seismic performance design was proposed and the quality verification test method was reviewed as part of the design of waterproof performance in underground walls under accelerated environment conditions for waterproofing materials, which are barrier and finishing material that can prevent ingress or overflowing water from inside and outside of a building by attaching all of the construction materials used in construction structures. Considering the current state of earthquake-resistant design of construction materials in Korea and abroad, seismic product groups are rare and mostly dependent on construction methods because there are no regulations on materials, although there are still regulations on earthquake-resistant design in the building process under the current law. Overseas, it was possible to confirm that various building materials that gave seismic performance to non-structural materials, such as Japan, Canada, and Germany, are being developed. If it is possible to have a complementary response to earthquakes in the advanced external waterproofing materials, it can be expected to be applicable as leak prevention and prevention technology along with the seismic designed structure.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.12-23
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• 2016

This paper presents a novel concept of Disaster Prevention Design (DPD) and its derived subjects and topics for the safety of folk villages in both Korea and Japan. Nowadays, design concepts are focused on 'human-oriented nature' as a whole and this tendency fits to be appropriate for disaster prevention against real dangers of a future society, which is expected to have far more complicated features. On the other hand, convergences have performed with other areas in the field of Information Communication Technology (ICT) so that we can easily find examples like 'the strategy of ICT-based convergence' of the Korean Government in 2014. Modern content designs including UI (user interface) and USN (ubiquitous sensor network) have been developed as one of the representative areas of ICT & UD (universal design) convergences. These days this novel concept of convergence is overcoming the existing limitations of the conventional design concept focused on product and/or service. First of all, from that point our deduced topic or subject would naturally be a monitoring system design of constructional structures in folk villages for safety. We offer an integrated model of maintenance and a management-monitoring scheme. Another important point of view in the research is a safety sign or sign system installed in folk villages or traditional towns and their standardization. We would draw up and submit a plan that aims to upgrade signs and sign systems applied to folk villages in Korea and Japan. According to our investigations, floods in Korea and earthquakes in Japan are the most harmful disasters of folk villages. Therefore, focusing on floods in the area of traditional towns in Korea would be natural. We present a water-level expectation model using deep learning simulation. We also apply this method to the area of 'Andong Hahoe' village which has been registered with the World Cultural Heritage of UNESCO. Folk village sites include 'Asan Oeam', 'Andong Hahoe' and 'Chonju Hanok' villages in Korea and 'Beppu Onsen' village in Japan. Traditional Streets and Markets and Safe Schools and Parks are also chosen as nearby test-beds for DPD based on ICT. Our final goal of the research is to propose and realize an integrated disaster prevention and/or safety system based on big data for both Korea and Japan.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.5 no.9
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• pp.211-216
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• 2016

Worldwide casualties caused by earthquakes, floods, fire or other disaster has been increasing. So many researchers are being actively done technical studies to ensure golden-time. In this paper if a disaster occurs, use the IoT technologies in order to secure golden-time and transmits the message after to find the user of the accident area first. When the previous job is finished, gradually finds a user of the surrounding area and transmits the message. For national emergency information, OPEN API of Korea Meteorological Administration was used. To collect detailed information on a relevant area in real time, this study established the system that connects and integrates Crowd Sensing technology with BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) Beacon technology. Up to now, the CBS based on base station has been applied. However, this study designed and mapped DB in the integration of Beacon based user positioning and national administrative address system in order to estimate local users. In this experiment, the accuracy and speed of information dif6fusion algorithm were measured with a rise in the number of users. The experiments were conducted in a manner that increases the number of users by one thousand and was measured the accuracy and speed of the message spread transfer algorithm. Finally, became operational in less than one second in 20,000 users, it was confirmed that the notification message is sent.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.65-73
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• 2002

It has been recognized that the damage control must become a more explicit design consideration. In an effort to develop design methods based on performance it is clear that the evaluation of the nonlinear response is required. The methods available to the design engineer today are nonlinear time history analyses, monotonic static nonlinear analyses, or equivalent static analyses with simulated nonlinear influences. Some building codes propose the capacity spectrum method based on the nonlinear static analysis(pushover analysis) to determine the earthquake-induced demand given by the structure pushover curve. These procedures are conceptually simple but iterative and time consuming with some errors. This paper presents a nonlinear direct spectrum method(NDSM) to evaluate seismic performance of structures, without iterative computations, given by the structural initial elastic period and yield strength from the pushover analysis, especially for MDF(multi degree of freedom) systems. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the accuracy and confidence of this method from a point of view of various earthquakes and unloading stiffness degradation parameters. The conclusions of this study are as follows; 1) NDSM is considered as practical method because the peak deformations of nonlinear system of MDF by NDSM are almost equal to the results of nonlinear time history analysis(NTHA) for various ground motions. 2) When the results of NDSM are compared with those of NTHA. mean of errors is the smallest in case of post-yielding stiffness factor 0.1, static force by MAD(modal adaptive distribution) and unloading stiffness degradation factor 0.2~0.3.