• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2018

여러 응용 분야에서 널리 활용되고 있는 위성영상은 지표면을 모니터링 하는데 매우 유용한 자료원이다. 위성자료는 원격 센서를 통해 획득되기 때문에 자료 획득시의 구름이나 에어로졸과 같은 관측 기상 상태나 센서 오작동상태에 따라 많은 노이즈와 에러가 포함되어 있다. 자료의 정확성은 자료 분석 결과의 정확성과 신뢰도에 영향을 주기 때문에 고품질 자료를 위한 노이즈 제거 및 자료 복원은 중요한 전처리(preprocessing) 과정이다. 본 연구에서는 다중주기 하모닉 모형을 이용하여 위성자료의 시계열적 동적 특성을 모형화하고 자료의 공간적 상관관계를 고려하여 적응적으로 자료복원을 수행하는 재구축 시스템을 제안하고 있다. 다중 주기에 기반을 둔 모형은 단일 주기보다 지표면의 연간 변화뿐 아니라 계절적 변화와 같이 내부적인 변화 패턴을 모형화 하는데 적합하다. 또한 기존에 제안된 복원 방법은 일정 기간의 전체 자료에 대한 복원 방법으로 실시간 복원법이 아니지만 제안된 방법은 실시간 자료 복원이 가능하여 위성자료 실시간 재구축을 위한 전처리 시스템의 알고리즘으로 활용될 수 있다. 제안된 방법은 먼저 시뮬레이션 자료를 통해 성능이 평가되었고 2011부터 2016년까지 6년간의 MODIS NDVI 자료에 적용하여 평가되었다. 실험 결과는 제안된 자료 복원 시스템이 위성영상 자료 분석을 위한 고품질 자료 재구축 방법으로 매우 유용함을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.161-161
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• 2003

During the last century, most scientific questions related to climate change were focused on the evidence of anthropogenic global warming (IPCC, 2001). There are robust evidences of warming and also human-induced climate change. We now understand the global, mean change a little bit better; however, the uncertainties for regional climate change still remains large. The purpose of this study is to understand the past climate change over Korea based on the observational data and to project future regional climate change over East Asia using ECHAM4/HOPE model and MM5 for downscaling. There are significant evidences on regional climate change in Korea, from several variables. The mean annual temperature over Korea has increased about 1.5∼$1.7^{\circ}C$ during the 20th century, including urbanization effect in large cities which can account for 20-30% of warming in the second half of the 20th century. Cold extreme temperature events occurred less frequently especially in the late 20th century, while hot extreme temperature events were more common than earlier in the century. The seasonal and annual precipitation was analyzed to examine long-term trend on precipitation intensity and extreme events. The number of rainy days shows a significant negative trend, which is more evident in summer and fall. Annual precipitation amount tends to increase slightly during the same period. This suggests an increase of precipitation intensity in this area. These changes may influence on growing seasons, floods and droughts, diseases and insects, marketing of seasonal products, energy consumption, and socio-economic sectors. The Korean Peninsular is located at the eastern coast of the largest continent on the earth withmeso-scale mountainous complex topography and itspopulation density is very high. And most people want to hear what will happen in their back yards. It is necessary to produce climate change scenario to fit forhigh-resolution (in meteorological sense, but low-resolution in socio-economic sense) impact assessment. We produced one hundred-year, high-resolution (∼27 km), regional climate change scenario with MM5 and recognized some obstacles to be used in application. The boundary conditions were provided from the 240-year simulation using the ECHAM4/HOPE-G model with SRES A2 scenario. Both observation and simulation data will compose past and future regional climate change scenario over Korea.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2011

Bow shock, formed by the interaction between the solar wind and a planet, is generated in different patterns depending on the conditions of the planet. In the case of the earth, its own strong magnetic field plays a critical role in determining the position of the bow shock. However, in the case of Mars of which has very a small intrinsic magnetic field, the bow shock is formed by the direct interaction between the solar wind and the Martian ionosphere. It is known that the position of the Martian bow shock is affected by the mass loading-effect by which the supersonic solar wind velocity becomes subsonic as the heavy ions originating from the planet are loaded on the solar wind. We simulated the Martian magnetosphere depending on the changes of the density and velocity of the solar wind by using the three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model built by modifying the comet code that includes the mass loading effect. The Martian exosphere model of was employed as the Martian atmosphere model, and only the photoionization by the solar radiation was considered in the ionization process of the neutral atmosphere. In the simulation result under the normal solar wind conditions, the Martian bow shock position in the subsolar point direction was consistent with the result of the previous studies. The three-dimensional simulation results produced by varying the solar wind density and velocity were all included in the range of the Martian bow shock position observed by Mariner 4, Mars 2, 3, 5, and Phobos 2. Additionally, the simulation result also showed that the change of the solar wind density had a greater effect on the Martian bow shock position than the change of the solar wind velocity. Our result may be useful in analyzing the future observation data by Martian probes.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.64-74
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• 2018

고해상도 지구관측 위성의 성공적인 임무 수행을 위하여 궤도 진입 후 리포커싱 과정은 필수적으로 요구된다. 마이크론 단위의 정밀한 광학 정렬을 요하는 광학 위성카메라는 발사 전 충분한 정렬 과정을 거치지만 발사 및 운용 과정에서 외부 환경에 의한 광부품의 정렬오차가 발생하게 된다. 기존의 지구관측위성들은 지상과의 통신을 통한 오프라인 방식의 리포커싱을 수행해왔으며 이는 비용 시간적 측면에서 비효율적이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 궤도 상에서 자동초점 정렬과정이 수행되는 온라인 리포커싱 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 또한 부경의 틸팅에 따른 광학적 효과를 리포커싱 알고리즘에 적용하여 디스페이스 외 틸팅이 발생한 위성카메라에도 적용되도록 개발하였다. 리포커싱 알고리즘의 개발 및 성능평가를 위하여 실험실 수준의 광학계를 설계하였으며, 이를 기반으로 데이터를 추출하여 부경 정렬오차에 따른 MTF(Modulation Transfer Function) 경향성을 파악하였다. MTF 경향성을 바탕으로 궤도상에서의 De-space VS MTF 함수를 추정하여 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 리포커싱 알고리즘의 성능 평가는 MATLAB과 CODE V의 연동 시뮬레이션을 통하여 수행되었다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.914-923
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• 2009

헬릭스 안테나는 관제, 관측, 탐사, 통신 위성 등에서 관제(TT&C), 데이터 통신, GPS 수신 시스템, 전술 시스템으로 활용되고 있다 위성의 Z축에서 최대 지향성과 방사 특성을 갖는 헬릭스는 광대역의 임피던스와 통신 커버리지 대역을 제공할 수 있다. 도파관 혼 구조는 흔히 레이다 분야에 이용되는데, 지반 탐사 레이다 및 전자파 장애 측정 등 초 광대역 펄스를 필요로 하는 곳에 사용된다. 또한 크기가 비교적 작고, 적은 방사 왜곡으로 인한 고효율과 낮은 반사 특성을 갖는 장점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 고용량의 데이터를 전송하여 넓은 주파수 대역폭을 사용하는 통신 및 원격 탐사 위성에 적합한 도파관 혼-헬릭스 결합 안테나를 설계한다. 설계된 변형 구조 안테나는 S 밴드에서 가변 빔 스캐닝 모드를 갖는 혼-헬릭스 결합 헬리콘 구조로 관제, 탐사, 고속 데이터 통신용 등의 다기능 안테나로 동작한다. 도파관 혼은 테이퍼된 헬릭스를 감싸는 접이식 반사체로 설계하여 구조물의 소형화를 유도한다. 현재 개발 중인 차세대 다목적 실용위성에서는 고성능의 탑재체를 활용하기 때문에 정밀하고 안정된 위성 자세 제어 능력을 요구하고, 위성 안테나의 지향성 요구 조건이 강화된다. 이를 위해 설계된 안테나의 위성 초기 배치에 따른 링크 분석을 통해 위성체의 자세 및 운용 모드에 따라 다른 결과를 갖는 빔 스캐닝을 산출하고 각 모드에서의 자료 전송률에 대해 연구한다.

• 복식
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• 제19권
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• pp.141-155
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• 1992

The Buddhist costumes, unlike the ordinary ones, have not been studied comprehensively due to their religious, non-popular and non-social features. In this regard, this paper aimed at reviewing the styles and symbolic Characters of the monks' dancing costumes for the traditional Buddhist ceremony of 'Spirit Vulture Peak'(The Intangible Cultural Asset No.50.) Here, the 'Spirit Vulture Peak Ceremony' is a kind of Buddhist ceremony commemorating the Buddha's preaches on the peak of Mt. Grdhrakuta by means of symbolized ritual and reformation procedures. The methodology of this study depended on the research of literatures, personal observation of the actual ceremony and the discussion with Priest Park Song-am. The dancing style of the Ceremony can be divided into four categories; the cymbal dancing., the drum dancing , the butterfly dancing and the column-beating dancing. And for the dancing costumes, the loose ritual mantle, the long-sleeve robe and the buddhist costume are used; the loose mantle and the long-sleeve robe are for the drum dancing. The style of the loose mantle is rectangular, sewn every odd knot between 5 and 25 ones. According to the record, its color was initially grey or red-yellow, but varied depending on the local rules. The four corners of the loose mantle have a rectangular-cloth embroidery of sky & king patterns, and the center is embroidered with the Sun'Moon designs or 'Om/Nan' letters in the Korean spells. The light of Sun/ Moon designs symbolizing the sky and the earth respectively are indigenous to a particular school in Korea. The long-sleeve robe has a traditional over-coat style. and is called otherwise of if some design is added. The total clothing or dancing costumes for the Ceremony include 'the Dae-ryung (meaning great peake)loose mantle', 'the White Paldad(meaning Chinese Character eight) long-sleeve robe and the peaked hat. The Dae-ryung mantle is a kind of ritual costumes with the shorter length than the ordinary mantles, and has a character 'Ryung' in Chinese spell attached with three to six colors. The White Paldae robe is shorter than the ordinary robes in the total length but longer in the length of sleeves. It is put on over the mantle from the left shoulder, and used often for the butterfly and column-beating dancings. It is hoped that this study will promote the study on the customs and rites of the Buddhism rather than on the thoughts, and contribute to the further studies.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.185-192
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• 2017

2016년 9월 12일 규모 5.8의 본진을 포함한 일련의 지진들이 경주에서 발생했다. 본진은 1905년 한반도에서 지진관측을 시작한 이래 반도 남부에서 발생한 최대의 지진으로서 양산단층이 명백한 활성단층임을 입증하였다. 콘래드 불연속면이 없는 단층의 한반도 지각 모델에 의한 경주지진들의 전진, 본진, 여진들의 평균깊이는 12.9 km로 콘래드 불연속면이 있는 2층 구조의 IASP91 모델에 의한 평균깊이보다 2.8 km 낮다. 경주지역에서 발생한 역사지진 및 계기지진들의 진앙분포는 주 단층인 양산단층과 부속 단층을 포함하는 양산단층계가 광범위한 파쇄대임을 시사한다. 규모 5.8의 경주지진에 수반한 지진들의 진앙분포는 양산단층계의 몇 단층들이 응력에너지의 방출에 관여하였음을 지시한다. 경주지진들의 주요 지진들이 지표가 아닌 10 km 이하에서 발생한 것은 양산단층계의 심부 활성단층들의 분포를 연구할 필요성을 제기한다. 경주지역의 지진자료에 근거하여 추정한 이 일대의 최대지진의 규모는 7.3이다. 한반도의 가장 완전한 1978년 이후의 지진자료를 이용하여 추정한 경주지역의 규모 5.0, 6.0, 7.0을 초과하는 지진들의 재현간격은 각기 80년, 670년, 그리고 5,900년이다. 2016년 9월 경주지진들은 본질적으로 판내부지진활동의 범주에 속하며 2011년 3월 11일 일본해구에서 발생한 판경계지진횔동인 동일본대지진과는 무관하다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2008년도 International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.220-223
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• 2008

A camera system for the satellite application performs the mission of observation by measuring radiated light energy from the target on the earth. As a development stage of the system, the signal level analysis by estimating the number of electron collected in a pixel of an applied CCD is a basic tool for the performance analysis like SNR as well as the data path design of focal plane electronic. In this paper, two methods are presented for the calculation of the number of electrons for signal level analysis. One method is a quantitative assessment based on the CCD characteristics and design parameters of optical module of the system itself in which optical module works for concentrating the light energy onto the focal plane where CCD is located to convert light energy into electrical signal. The other method compares the design\ parameters of the system such as quantum efficiency, focal length and the aperture size of the optics in comparison with existing camera system in orbit. By this way, relative count of electrons to the existing camera system is estimated. The number of electrons, as signal level of the camera system, calculated by described methods is used to design input circuits of AD converter for interfacing the image signal coming from the CCD module in the focal plane electronics. This number is also used for the analysis of the signal level of the CCD output which is critical parameter to design data path between CCD and A/D converter. The FPE(Focal Plane Electronics) designer should decide whether the dividing-circuit is necessary or not between them from the analysis. If it is necessary, the optimized dividing factor of the level should be implemented. This paper describes the analysis of the electron count of a camera system for a satellite application and then of the signal level for the interface design between CCD and A/D converter using two methods. One is a quantitative assessment based on the design parameters of the camera system, the other method compares the design parameters in comparison with those of the existing camera system in orbit for relative counting of the electrons and the signal level estimation. Chapter 2 describes the radiometry of the camera system of a satellite application to show equations for electron counting, Chapter 3 describes a camera system briefly to explain the data flow of imagery information from CCD and Chapter 4 explains the two methods for the analysis of the number of electrons and the signal level. Then conclusion is made in chapter 5.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find the effect of rare earth magnet's magnetic field of to the osteoblast around the implant by the means of observation number, and distribution around the implant which is connected to the permanent magnet but not, counted and compared by the number of cells attached to the surface of the implant. Material and method: The permanent magnets, made in the healing cap form, were connected to the implant future, and placed on the culture plate, The osteoblast-like cell: MC3T3-E1 were used for cell culture. As the control group, the implant were connected to normal healing cap, and cultured in the same conditions. 48 hours later, using inverted microscope, the number and distribution of osteoblast around the implant were observed, and 72 hours later, the number of the cells attached to the implant were counted. Results: As a result, the implant connected to the permanent magnet had proved to have a more concentrated cell distribution rate than the control group. The implant connected to the permanent magnet, neck area : which has about 10 gauss magnetic force, had more cells than apex area. The implant connected to the permanent magnet had proven to attach to the osteoblast more productively than control group's implant. Conclusions: This research showed that the magnetic field of the permanent magnet affected the distribution and growth rate of the osteoblast around the implant. In order to support this study, it also had need to monitor the progress of the permanent magnet specifically shown on the neck area, which has10 gauss magnetic force. So after additional research on the distribution and attachment of the cells, and further more, on bone formation, it will be concluded that the clinical applications ,such as immediate loading of implant treatment are possible.

• 대기
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.693-706
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• 2015

A shift of first fowering date (FFD) of spring blossoms (cherry, peach and pear) over the northest Asia under global warming is investiaged using dynamically downscaled daily temperature data with 12.5 km resolution. For the study, we obatained gridded daily data with Historical (1981~2010), and Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) (2021~2100) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios which were produced by WRFv3.4 in conjunction with HadGEM2-AO. A change on FFDs in 21st century is estimated by applying daily outputs of WRFv3.4 to DTS phonological model. Prior to projection on future climate, the performances of both WRFv3.4 and DTS models are evaluated using spatial distribution of climatology and SCR diagram (Normalized standard deviation-Pattern correlation coefficient-Root mean square difference). According to the result, WRFv3.4 and DTS models well simulated a feature of the terrain following characteristics and a general pattern of observation with a marigin of $1.4^{\circ}C$ and 5~6 days. The analysis reveals a projected advance in FFDs of cherry, peach and pear over the northeast Asia by 2100 of 15.4 days (9.4 days). 16.9 days (10.4 days) and 15.2 days (9.5 days), respectively, compared to the Historical simulation due to a increasing early spring (Februrary to April) temperature of about $4.9^{\circ}C$ ($2.9^{\circ}C$) under the RCP 8.5 (RCP 4.5) scenarios. This indicates that the current flowering of the cherry, peach and pear over analysis area in middle or end of April is expected to start blooming in early or middle of April, at the end of this century. The present study shows the dynamically downscaled daily data with high-resolution is helpeful in offering various useful information to end-users as well as in understanding regional climate change.