• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2001

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of gastric cancer patients and to evaluate the survival and prognostic factors and effect of immunochemosurgery for gastric cancer patients. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed for 12,277 consecutive patients who underwent operation for gastric cancer from 1970 to 1999. We also evaluated the survival and prognostic factors for 9,262 consecutive patients from 1981 to 1996. The prognostic significance of treatment modality [surgery alone, surgery+chemotherapy, surgery+immunotherapy+chemotherapy (immunochemosurgery)] were evaluated in stage III gastric cancer. Results: The 5-year survival rate (5-YSR) of overall patients was $55.8\%$, and that of patients who received curative resection was $64.8\%$. The 5-YSRs according to TNM stage were $92.9\%$ for Ia, $84.2\%$ for Ib, $69.3\%$ for II, $45.8\%$ for IIIa, $29.6\%$ for IIIb and $9.2\%$ for IV. Regarding adjuvant treatment modality, significant survival difference was observed in stage III patients. The 5-year survival rates were $44.8\%$ for immunochemosurgery group, $36.8\%$ for surgery+chemotherapy group and $27.2\%$ for surgery alone group. Curative resection, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis were the most significant prognostic factors in gastric cancer. Conclusion: Consequently, early detection and curative resection with radical lymph node dissection, followed by immunochemotherapy especially in patients with stage III gastric cancer should be recommended as a standard treatment principle for patients with gastric cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.885-890
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• 2012

Background: Head and neck cancers are prevalent in Thailand, in particular in the southern region of the country. However, survival with a large data set has not been reported. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the survival figures and the prognostic factors in a cohort of patients treated in a university hospital located in the south of Thailand. Patients and Methods: Consecutive new cases of primary carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharyx, hypopharynx and larynx, treated at Songklanagarind Hospital during 2002 to 2004, were analyzed. The 5-year overall survival rates were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors were identified through multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: A total 1,186 cases were analyzed. Two-thirds (66.6%) of the cases were at advanced stage (stage III & IV) at presentation. The five-year overall survivals for the whole cohort, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx were 24.1%, 25.91%, 19.2%, 13.4%, 38.0% respectively. Stage and treatment type were strong prognostic factors for all sites. An age ${\geq}$ 80 years was associated with poor survival in oral cavity and larynx cancer. Conclusions: The results revealed remarkably poor outcomes of the patients in the series, indicating a strong need to increase the proportion of early stage presentations and maximize the treatment efficacy to improving outcomes. Very old patients are of particular concern for treatment care of oral cavity and larynx cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.825-828
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• 2013

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the five-year survival among patients with cervical cancer treated in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia. Methods: One hundred and twenty cervical cancer patients diagnosed between $1^{st}$ July 1995 and $30^{th}$ June 2007 were identified. Data were obtained from medical records. The survival probability was determined using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test was applied to compare the survival distribution between groups. Results: The overall five-year survival was 39.7% [95%CI (Confidence Interval): 30.7, 51.3] with a median survival time of 40.8 (95%CI: 34.0, 62.0) months. The log-rank test showed that there were survival differences between the groups for the following variables: stage at diagnosis (p=0.005); and primary treatment (p=0.0242). Patients who were diagnosed at the latest stage (III-IV) were found to have the lowest survival, 18.4% (95%CI: 6.75, 50.1), compared to stage I and II where the five-year survival was 54.7% (95%CI: 38.7, 77.2) and 40.8% (95%CI: 27.7, 60.3), respectively. The five-year survival was higher in patients who received surgery [52.6% (95%CI: 37.5, 73.6)] as a primary treatment compared to the non-surgical group [33.3% (95%CI: 22.9, 48.4)]. Conclusion: The five-year survival of cervical cancer patients in this study was low. The survival of those diagnosed at an advanced stage was low compared to early stages. In addition, those who underwent surgery had higher survival than those who had no surgery for primary treatment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.315-319
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• 1997

목적 : 조기성문암의 치료시 근치적방사선치료의 효율성과 치료실패시 구제술 시행의 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1989년 6월부터 1994년 12월 사이에 경상대학교병원에서 방사선치료를 시행 받은 18명의 T1N0M0과 5명의 T2N0M0을 포함하는 23명의 조기성문암 환자에 대하여 후향적분석을 시행하였다. 모든 환자가 남자이었고, 연령분포는 33세부터 70세로 중앙값은 57세이었다. 추적조사기간의 중앙값은 46개월이었고, $100\%$의 환자에서 추적이 가능하였다. 결과 : 전체환자의 5년 생존율은 $84.3\%$이었고, 병기에 따라서 T1 $94.4\%,\;T2\;53.3\%$이었다. 전체환자의 5년 국소치유율은 $67.8\%$이었고, 병기에 따라서 T1 $70.0\%,\;T2\;60.0\%$이었다. 치료실패한 환자 8명 중 5명에서 구제술이 시행되었다. 구제술후 5년 국소치유율은 T1 $85.6\%,\;T2\;80.0\%$이었다. 결론 : 병기 T1, T2의 조기성문암의 치료시 우선 근치적 방사선치료를 시행하고, 치료실패시구제술을 시행하는 것이 높은 국소치유율과 성대보존율을 기대할 수 있는 효과적인 치료방법이라고 판단된다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.323-329
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• 1994

Purpose: In supraglottic cancer, radiation therapy is used to preserve the laryngeal function but combined surgery and radiation therapy is required in advanced stage. The authors Present the results of radiation therapy alone and combined surgery Plus Postoperative radiation therapy for supraglottic cancer. Methods and Materials: A retrospective analysis was done for 43 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx who were treated from Feburary 1982 to December 1991, in the Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea University Hospital. Patient distribution according to the AJCC staging system was as follows: I, 3($7.0\%$); II, 7($16.3\%$); III, 17($39.5\%$); IV, 16($37.2\%$). Patients' age ranged from 30 to 72 years(median 62). Follow up durations were from 21 to 137 months(median 27). Seventeen patients($39.5\%$) were treated by radiation therapy alone with radiation doses of 6840-7380 cGy and 26 patients($60.5\%$) were treated with surgery plus postoperative irradiation with doses of 5820-6660 cGy. Results: Overall five-year survival rate for all stage was $51.8\%$, with $100\%$ for Stage I and II, $47.3\%$ for Stage III, and $29.2\%$ for Stage III. The difference of the survival rate by stage was statistically significant(p=0.0152). Five-year survival rates were $100\%$ for locally confined tumor in the supraglottic larynx, $37.5\%$ for transglottic extension, $26.7\%$ for hypopharynx extension, and only two of 5 patients with both transglottic and hypopharynx extension were alive(p=0.0033). Five-year survival rates by neck node status were as follows: $55.0\%$ for NO, $64.3\%$ for N1, $50.0\%$ for N2, and all 2 of N3 were died of disease. Overall survival rate for radiation therapy alone group was $42.8\%$, and it was $56.7\%$ for surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy group with no statistically significant difference(p=0.5215). In Stage I and II, all Patients survived. In Stage III and IV, 5-year survival rate for radiation therapy alone group was $28.5\%$ and $43.4\%$ for surgery plus postoperative irradiation group(p=0.5103). Local control rate was $58.8\%$(10/17) for radiation therapy alone group and $73.1\%$ (19/26) for surgery plus postoperative irradiation group. Three patients from surgery plus postoperative radiation therapy group developed distant metastasis in lungs. Conclusion: Treatment results of radiation therapy alone was excellent in early stage supraglottic cancer. In advanced stage, even the difference was statistically not significant, the result of postoperative radiation therapy group was superior compared with radiation therapy alone group. Since 1992, concomitant chemoradiotherapy with hyperfractionated radiotherapy is being used to improve the result of the treatment and preserve the laryngeal function in advanced stage supraglottic cancer.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2995-2999
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• 2016

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) often presents as an interval cancer with short survival upon metastasis and thus represents an important clinical challenge. The present study investigated the clinicopathologic characteristics and long term survival outcome of early and locally advanced TNBC. Materials and Methods: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively for 148 consecutive confirmed cases of TNBC treated in a single unit at our centre. Demographic profile, tumor type, histopathology details, treatment and follow-up information was recorded and immunohistochemistry was performed. Results: Age group >50 years was associated with tumors of clinical stage 3 (53.8%), pathological stage 3 (46.2%), pathological grade 3 (45.7%), presence of extracapsular extension (ECE, 48.5%) and lymphovascular invasion (LVI, 64.9%). Locally advanced breast cancers (LABCs) were characterized by pathological stage 3 (96.2%), presence of ECE (100%) and absence of LVI (46.7%) as compared to early breast cancers (EBCs) which had higher incidence of lower stage tumors (100%), absence of ECE (82%) and presence of LVI (91.9%; p-value <0.001. Better relapse free survival was observed in patients with no axillary involvement (69%; p-value <0.001) and absence of ECE (64%; p-value <0.001). Improved overall survival was seen in patients with EBC (90%; p-value 0.008), clear axilla (86%; p-value <0.001), absence of ECE (87%; p-value <0.001) and negative lymph nodes (90%; p-value 0.006). Conclusions: TNBCs are aggressive tumors which show poor long term survival. Patients with TNBC benefit from chemotherapy, thus better and less toxic treatment options are needed. Identification of newer targets and development of targeted therapies are the need of the hour.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.176-184
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• 2019

Purpose: It is unclear whether adding concurrent chemotherapy (CT) to definitive radiotherapy (RT) following induction CT is a tolerable and cost effective treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients aged 70 years or older with comorbidities. This study evaluated the actual clinical outcomes between concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) and RT alone following induction CT or not in patients (≥70 years) in a single institution's clinical practice. Materials and Methods: A total of 82 patients with unresectable stage III NSCLC between 2004 and 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Their treatment tolerance and clinical outcomes such as overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence (LRR), treatment toxicities and distant metastasis (DM) were evaluated. Early mortality rates were also evaluated as 4-month mortality after RT. Results: Fifty-four patients received CCRT and 28 patients received RT alone. Induction CT before RT was performed for 68.5% and 50.0% in CCRT and RT alone groups. Treatment tolerance was significantly worse in CCRT (p = 0.046). The median survival was 21.1 and 18.1 months for CCRT and RT alone, which was not statistically significant. LRR and DM were also not different. Most early deaths after CCRT were attributed to non-cancer-related mortality. Acute esophagitis of grade ≥2 occurred more following CCRT (p = 0.017). In multivariate analysis, a Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) of ≥5 and a weight loss of ≥5% after RT were associated with poor OS. The factors adversely affecting 4-month survival were a CCI of ≥5 and CCRT. Conclusion: There were no significant differences in OS, LRR, and DM between CCRT and RT alone treatment in elderly patients. However, there was a poorer tolerance and higher incidence of acute esophagitis in the CCRT group. Specifically, when the patients had a CCI of ≥5, RT alone seems to be reasonable with a low probability of early death.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.329-335
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• 1997

The final pattern of the skeletal muscle of a vertebrate depends on the position-specific behavior of the muscle precursor cells during early developmental process and the abdominal muscle is made of cells which migrate a relatively long distance from their original tissue, myotome of dorsal mesoderm. We report the spatia-temporal migration pattern of abdominal muscle in Xenopus laevis by in situ hybridization and immunohistological studies. Shortly after hatching tadpole stage (stage 31/32), a group of myotomal cells detaches from the lower tip of the second somite and migrates ventrally to the lower position of abdomen. At stage 34/35, a second cell group migrates away from the third somite. Total 7 myotomal cell groups migrate ventrally one by one from the second to eighth myotome along their own pathways through the cell free space located between epidermis and subepidermal layer of the abdomen. During migration, the sizes of the cell groups (abdominal muscle anlagens) are increased to several tens fold. Around stage 40 all the abdominal muscle anlagens reaches their final positions and are interconnected side by side rostrocaudally. They are also connected to other types of muscles, forming a large multisegmented abdominal muscle. Heat shock study suggests that the disruption of segmentation of somites does not block the detachment of abdominal muscle anlagen, though the treatment gave stage- and dosagedependent effects on the migration speed.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2019

유년기에서 성장기인 어린이들의 조기 치아 관리가 중요시 되고 있으며 어린이 환자 치과 진료도 꾸준히 증가하는 추세이다. 치과 치료에 불안을 느끼는 어린이 환자의 긴장을 완화시켜주기 위한 다양한 진정 요법이 요구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 레진 치료에 쓰이는 치료 기구의 사용 상태를 실시간으로 파악하여, 사용 중인 치료 기구와 치료 단계에 따라 다른 스토리와 효과를 가진 애니메이션을 생성 할 수 있는 상호작용 시스템의 개발 내용에 대해 기술한다. 애니메이션은 주인공 캐릭터와 악당인 충치 캐릭터가 전투를 벌여 진료 단계에 맞춰 주인공 캐릭터가 악당을 하나씩 무찔러 승리하는 스토리이며, 치료 시작 시 재생되며 치료가 끝나면 애니메이션도 동시에 종료된다. 현재 어린이 치과에서 서비스되는 기존의 애니메이션 시청은 일방적으로 애니메이션이 재생되기만 할 뿐 어린이의 시선을 이끌기에는 부족함이 있다. 환자의 치료 과정에 맞추어 애니메이션 흐름이 진행된다면 어린이에게 색다른 흥미를 주어 치료에 대한 긴장감이 좀 더 완화될 것이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.3243-3248
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• 2016

Background: Stomach cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of death from cancer in the world. In Iran, this type of cancer has high rates of incidence and mortality. This study aimed to assess the survival rate of patients with stomach cancer and its determinants in Kurdistan, a province with one of the highest incidence rates of stomach cancer in the country. Materials and Methods: We studied a total of 202 patients with stomach cancer who were admitted to Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj from 2009 to 2013. Using Kaplan-Meier nonparametric methods the survival rate of patients was calculated in terms of different levels of age at diagnosis, gender, education, residential area, occupation, underweight, and clinical variables including tumor histology, site of tumor, disease stage, and type of treatment. In addition, we compared the survival rates using the log-rank test. Finally, Cox proportional hazards regression was applied using Stata 12 and R 3.1.0 software. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age at diagnosis was $64.7{\pm}12.0$ years. The survival rate of patients with stomach cancer was 43.9% and 7% at the first and the fifth year after diagnosis, respectively. The results of log-rank test showed significant relationships between survival and age at diagnosis, education, disease stage, type of treatment, and degree of being underweight (P<0.05). Moreover, according to the results of Cox proportional hazards regression model, the variables of education, disease stage, and type of treatment were associated with patient survival (P<0.05). Conclusions: The survival rate of patients with stomach cancer is low and the prognosis is very poor. Given the poor prognosis of the patients, it is critical to find ways for early diagnosis and facilitating timely access to effective treatment methods.