• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.166-177
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• 1991

Uterine cervical cancer is the most common malignancy in korean women. In spite of recent development of early diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, about 40% of treated patient will develop relapse. So more aggressive local treatment such as more extensive surgery and higher radiation dose and administration of systemic chemotherapy will promote the curability but treatment related complications can not be avoidable. We used 22 cases of early cervical cancer, treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy, clinical data of these patients were analized to determine relationship between clinical parameters and final outcome. Three out of 22 cases revealed relapse and one patient showed rectovaginal fistula and another patient showed small bowel obstruction and the other patient showed rectal obstruction. Two out of three recurrence were stage IIa and the other one case was stage Ib adenocarcinoma with lymphovascular involvement. Nineteen out of 22 cases were followed without remarkable side effect or treatment related complication or sequelae. We concluded that our treatment policy was safe and effective to eradicate high risk postoperative cervical cancer with acceptable side effects or complication.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3651-3658
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• 2016

Computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer is an important medical approach. In this research paper, we focus on combining two major methodologies, namely fuzzy base systems and the evolutionary genetic algorithms and on applying them to the Saudi Arabian breast cancer diagnosis database, to aid physicians in obtaining an early-computerized diagnosis and hence prevent the development of cancer through identification and removal or treatment of premalignant abnormalities; early detection can also improve survival and decrease mortality by detecting cancer at an early stage when treatment is more effective. Our hybrid algorithm, the genetic-fuzzy algorithm, has produced optimized systems that attain high classification performance, with simple and readily interpreted rules and with a good degree of confidence.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the light traits in a solar light-collector device and its effects on lettuce growth at an early growth stage. The three hyper parameters used were the reflector diameter (2 cm and 4 cm), coating inside the reflector (chrome-coated, non-coated) and distance from the light fiber (15 cm and 20 cm). The results showed that light efficiency, which is the ratio of light intensity inside the fiber to the solar intensity, improved by 41.1 % when using a 2 cm diameter chrome-coated reflector at a distance of 15 cm from the light fiber; whereas it only improved by 20.6% when a non-coated reflector was used. As the reflector size was increased to 4 cm, the light efficiency for the coated and non-coated reflectors increased by 28.5 % and 26.4 %, respectively, hence, no significant difference was observed. When the light fiber was placed at a distance of 20 cm, the increase in light efficiency with coating treatment was 8 % higher than without coating treatment. We also compared the efficiency of light-fiber treatment with that of LED treatment in our lettuce nursery, and observed that the plants exhibited better growth with light-fiber treatment. We observed an average increase of 1.7 cm in leaf height, $7cm^2/plant$ increase in leaf area, and 32 mm increase in root length upon light-fiber treatment as opposed to those observed with LED treatment. These findings indicate that the collector light-fiber is economically feasible and it improves lettuce growth compared with the LED treatment.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.185-188
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• 2017

Primary liver tumor, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is a common cause of cancer death worldwide. The incidence is generally higher in Asian countries than in western countries. Carcinogenesis of HCC is often associated with hepatitis viral infections. Current standard treatment of HCC is surgical resection or transplantation in patients with early stage disease. However, the patient with advanced stage disease, surgical resection is often limited. Sorafenib or other treatment modalities are not so effective as well. We report a case of unusual radiation super-sensitivity in advanced stage HCC, and review the literature.

• Korean journal of aerospace and environmental medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.84-85
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• 2021

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is common primary tumor of kidney. In the past, it had been considered a difficult tumor to manage since the detection was usually delayed until paraneoplastic syndrome and/or distant metastasis appeared due to its slow progression. However, the recent popularization of ultrasound and computed tomography has made RCC one of the easily curable cancers. Eighty percent are found early, mostly with tumor size less than 5 cm. Five-year survival rate after successful nephrectomy is exceeded 80-90 percent. Curative nephrectomy can be tried in stage 1 and 2, and some cases of stage 3. In these cases, return to flight can be considered after 6 to 12 months' observation. It should be monitored any occurrence of cancer recurrence, need for systemic treatment, metastasis, and paraneoplastic syndrome, etc. If any signs of recurrence are found or new treatment needs to be initiated, the flight should be suspended. If there is no recurrence for more than 5 to 10 years, the patient doesn't have to be followed anymore.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1609-1613
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• 2015

Purpose: To determine the rate of lymph node metastasis, oncologic and pregnancy outcomes in apparent early-stage malignant ovarian germ cell tumor (MOGCT). Materials and Methods: Medical records of apparent early-stage MOGCT patients undergoing primary surgical treatment at Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand, between January 2006 and December 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. Results: Thirty-eight patients had apparent stage I-II MOGCT. The mean age was $22.1{\pm}7.7years$ (median, 20.8 years; range, 7.7-35.6 years). The mean tumor size was $17.8{\pm}6.5cm$ with a median of 20 (range 4-30) cm. Three most common histopathologies were dysgerminoma (12 patients, 31.6%), immature teratoma (12 patients, 31.6%), and endodermal sinus tumor (6 patients, 15.8%). Twenty-seven of 38 patients underwent lymphadenectomy; 13 patients (48.2%) were stage IA and 8 patients (29.6%) were stage IC. The rate of retroperitoneal nodes metastasis was 7.4% (2/27 patients). At 26.1 months of median follow-up time (range 1.9-88.5 months), 9 patients retained fertility functions, with uneventful pregnancies in 3 of these. Only one patient (2.6%) had progression of disease at 4.9 months after surgery. The 5-year survival rate was 97.4%. Conclusion: As the rate of pelvic or para-aortic node metastasis in MOGCT is considerable, lymphadenectomy should be incorporated in surgical staging procedures.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 1988

A rerospective review of fifty patients with carcinoma of hypopharynx treated with $RT{\pm}surgery$ was studied for eleven-year period from 1974 to 1984. Of the 50 patients,46 were pyriform sinus in origin, 4 were posterior pharyngeal wall. Eighty-eight percent of patients were locoregionally advanced(stage III, IV) and 78% of patients presented conical lymphadenopathy. 5-year disease-free survival rate of the pyriform sinus ca. was $25.4\%$ in RT alone group, $80\%$ in combined modality group and $30.6\%$ in overall. Local control rate with RT alone in early stage (II) was excellent $(100\%)$, however combined modality appears to be better for local control$(80\%)$ in advanced stage (III, IV) as compared with that of RT alone group $(32\%).$ On basis of this study, RT alone is effective in terms of local control and functional preservation in treatment of early stage of pyriform sinus ca. while surgery can be reserved for salvage purpose when RT fails and combined modality is recommended in patients with locally advanced stage for better local control and survival.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.462-468
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• 2012

Urodeles including newt and salamander have remarkable regenerative capacity during the postembryonic life span. Some of the unique features are the formation of the well-developed wound epidermis and the active dedifferentiation process in the early phase of regeneration. These are regarded as key events for the successful regeneration since no further regenerative activity is possible without them. In this study, we investigated the role of retinoic acid (RA) in salamander limb regeneration by blocking RA synthesis using disulfiram, an inhibitor of aldehyde dehydrogenase that oxidizes retinal to RA. Disulfiram treatment resulted in delaying the limb regeneration processes via inhibition of wound epidermis formation and dedifferentiation process. When RA was administered after disulfiram treatment, the inhibitory effect of disulfiram was rescued. In addition, disulfiram treatment after the dedifferentiation stage resulted in the mild retardation of limb regeneration, suggesting that RA might also be involved in the blastema outgrowth. Furthermore, salamander MMP-9 gene expression was also inhibited by disulfiram treatment. Collectively, our findings indicate that endogenous RA may play an important role(s) in the early phase of limb regeneration by regulating the expression of molecules responsible for the modification of intracellular and extracellular environment during salamander limb regeneration.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

Objectives: To grasp the traditional stream of cancer treatment inherited from the previous doctors. Methods: The author's research has been performed cancer treatment based on JIJU(積聚) taking the original text as a reference. Results & Conclusion: The general three outlines and five detailed rules of cancer treatment have been obtained as follows. The first outline of cancer treatment is that reinforced vital function makes cancer reduce naturally. the second is that Harmless cancer can coexist in human beings and aging with them. and the third is that Elimination and reinforcing therapies should be executed in appropriate era and those therapies should utilize appropriate methods. The first detailed rule of cancer treatment is when using reinforcing therapy, it must applicate mildly and when using elimination therapy, it must applicate calmly. The second detailed rule is that the methods of cancer treatment are different from each cancer stage. The concentration should be made on reinforcing therapy at early stage while reinforcing and elimination therapies must be conducted together at middle stage. At terminal stage reinforcing therapy is the sole method to be taken. The third detailed rule is that the basis property of cancer drug is warm nature and extremely biased property should be avoided and when complication arises (eg. inflamatory disease, cancer fever, etc), cold or cool nature can be applied. The fourth detailed rule is that Cancer drug must have the effect eliminating the blood stasis, phlegm and excessive fluid, all together. The fifth detailed rule is that Physicians have to control patient's stress or stress related symptom and teach patients about right way of taking care of themselves and patients should take hygienic rules with their free will by themselves (eg diet, exercise, stress, etc)

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.222-229
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• 2009

Our previous finding that pre-initiation treatment of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) represents a chemopreventive effect in dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinogenesis has prompted us to test the global expression of genes at an early stage. Rats were continuously fed 300 ppm I3C in their diet at 6 weeks of age and were injected with DMBA at 7 weeks of age, and were sacrificed at 8 weeks of age. Global gene expression analysis using oligonucleotide microarrays was conducted to detect altered genes in DMBA- or DMBA plus I3C-treated mammary glands. Altered genes were identified by fold changes of 1.2 and by t-test (P<0.05) from the log ratios of the hybridization intensity of samples between control (Group 1) and DMBA (Group 2), and from those of samples between DMBA (Group 2) and DMBA plus I3C (Group 3). From these genes, we chose altered genes that were up- or down-regulated by DMBA treatment and recovered to the control level by I3C treatment. For early stage of carcinogenesis, I3C treatment induced the recovery to normal levels of several genes including cell cycle pathway (cyclin B2, cell division cycle 2 homolog A), MAP signaling pathway (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, platelet derived growth factor receptor, beta polypeptide), and insulin signaling (protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 3B and flotillin 2), which were up-regulated by DMBA treatment. In addition, I3C treatment induced the recovery to normal levels of several genes including those of MAPK signaling (transforming growth factor, beta receptor 1 and protein phosphatase 3, catalytic subunit, beta isoform), which were down-regulated by DMBA treatment. These results suggest that the targeting of these genes presents a possible approach for chemoprevention in DMBA-induced mammary carcinogenesis.