• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.385-390
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• 1986

Empyema is a severe infection encountered in the pediatrics. With advance of the antibiotics and chemotherapeutics, there was a marked decrease in number of empyema. Empyema complicated by staphylococcal pneumonia in infant and children has been distressing problem, and the management of this complication has been discussed repeatedly in the past. In Korea, tuberculous empyema is also troublesome. If empyema is localized within thick capsule, tube thoracostomy and closed drainage alone is unacceptable, and early open thoracotomy to eliminate the empyema has proved good result. A clinical analysis of 39 patients with thoracic empyema was done. They were managed surgical intervention at Dept. of Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery at Kyung-Hee University Hospital from Jan. 1974 to December, 1984. 1. Age and sex distribution, infancy 9, early childhood 11. late childhood 9, puberty 10. The male to female ratio was 21:18. 2. The highest seasonal incidence was winter [21 cases]. 3. Cardinal symptoms were cough [76%], fever and chill [66%], and dyspnea [40%]. 4. The location of the empyema was right in 27 cases [69%] and 12 cases in left side. 5. The most frequent lesion to predisposing factor was pneumonia [67%]. 6. The commonest organism was Staphylococcus aureus in 15 [38%] cases, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 10 cases [26%]. 7. The surgical treatment was performed in all patients. The surgical procedure was closed tube thoracostomy in 25 cases [64%], decortication in 7 cases [18%], pulmonary resection in 4 cases [10%], and decortication with curettage in 2 cases. 8. One patient died from sepsis complicated by lymphoma and in one patient bronchopleural fistula was developed postoperatively.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.50-63
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• 1974

Health at infancy and early childhood is considered an important factor for healthy life thereafter. Concept of nursing is inclusive not only of physical care but also psycho-social aspect in order to help achieve maximum state of wellness. Statistical studies reveal concept and structure of family and home tends to change towards nuclear type, ratio of female occupancy tends to increase. These tendencies will influence the method of infants and children. Purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of mothers and their children with and without occupation, method of nurturing and analyse data according to various variables, in arnder to give data for care for infants and children. During the period of June 12 though July 22, 1973, 98 mothers and their 224 children; 53 mothers with occupation with 110 children and 45 mothers without occupation with 114 children were Interviewed indirectly through check list. Results of the studies are as follows: 1. Hypothesis 1 ; Tendencies of finger sucking will be greater in children of occupant mothers due to lack of maternal love. Through chi-square examination significant difference is revealed by P>0.05 level, therefore Hypothesis 1 is rejected. (X²=0.24) 3. Hypothesis 2; of occupant mothers tend to have had wanted number of children through family planning. Ratio of wanted versus unwanted children were tested and significant difference is revealed by P<0.05 1eve1. Hypothesis 2 is supported. (X²=8.398). 3. Hypothesis 3: Non-occupant mothers tend to cuddle more while feeding infants. Significant difference Is revealed through Chi-square test by P〈0.05 level. Hypothesis 3 is rejected. (X²=4.34) Conclusion and recommendations: Occupant mothers' higher degree of interest and consideration compared to that of non-occupant mothers in regard to nurturing of their children have been ascertained by this study. These results fight have come up due to the differences of socioeconomic and cultural status of respondents. Further studies on each variable between mothers with and without occupation with similar socio-economic and cultural background are recommended.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2013

Tyrosinemia I (fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase deficiency) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of tyrosine metabolism that produces liver failure in infancy or a more chronic course of liver disease with cirrhosis, often complicated by hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood or early adolescence. We studied a 37-year-old woman with tyrosinemia I whose severe liver disease in infancy and rickets during childhood were resolved with dietary therapy. From 14 years of age, she resumed unrestricted diet with the continued presence of the biochemical features of tyrosinemia, yet maintained normal liver function. In adult years, she accumulated only a small amount of succinylacetone. Despite this evolution to a mild biochemical and clinical phenotype, she eventually developed hepatocellular carcinoma. Her fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase genotype consists of a splice mutation, IVS6-1G>T, and a novel missense mutation, p.Q279R. Studies of resected liver revealed the absence of hydrolytic activity and immunological expression of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase in tumour. In the non-tumoral areas, however, 53% of normal hydrolytic activity and immunologically present fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase were found. This case demonstrates the high risk of liver cancer in tyrosinemia I even in a seemingly favorable biological environment. In this study of tyrosinemia I, Case 2 with negative succinylacetone accumulation and the recovery of acute liver failure was compared with Case 1. Diet restriction and NTBC treatment are crucial to prevent hepatocellular carcinoma until liver transplant can take place and cure the condition. Further studies are needed to examine cases where liver cancer did not result despite clinical symptoms/signs of tyrosinemia type I.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제26권
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• pp.11.1-11.6
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• 2011

Objects: The prevalence of asthma has increased in recent decades globally. The objective of the present study is to elucidate whether hospitalization for bronchiolitis in infancy and low socioeconomic status interact for bronchial hyperreactivity during teenage years. Method: We studied 522 children age 13-14 years attending schools in rural and urban areas to investigate the risk factors for bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), defined as a provocation concentration of methacholine that causes a decrease of 20% ($PC_{20}$) in forced expiratory volume within 1 second. Clinical examination, skin prick test, spirometry, and methacholine challenge were performed on all study subjects, who provided written consent. We used multivariate logistic regression to investigate the risk factors for BHR, and analyze the interaction between hospitalization for bronchiolitis in infancy and low socioeconomic status. Results: Forty-six (10.3%) positive BHR cases were identified. In the multivariate logistic analysis, as independent predictors of BHR, adjusted odds ratio of bronchiolitis diagnosed before 2 years of age in low income families was 13.7 (95% confidence interval, 1.4 to 135.0), compared to reference group, controlling for age, gender, parental allergy history, skin prick test, and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure. Interaction was observed between bronchiolitis before 2 years old and low socioeconomic status on children's bronchial hyperreactivity (p-interaction=0.025). Conclusions: This study showed that bronchiolitis diagnosed before 2 years of age and low socioeconomic status interacted on children's bronchial hyperreactivity. Prevention of acute respiratory infection in early childhood in low socioeconomic status is important to prevent BHR as a precursor of asthma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate morphological change at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) region using computed tomography. Methods : A total of 238 patients were included in this study, and mean age was $47.8{\pm}21.3months$. Spinal canal diameter, Power's ratio, McRae line, antero-posterior C1 ring height, atlantoaxial joint space, C2 growth, epidural space from the dens (M-PB-C2) and longitudinal distance (basion to C2 lower margin, B-C2) were measured. The mean value of each parameter was assessed for individual age groups. The cohorts were then divided into three larger age groups : infancy (I) (${\leq}2years$), very early (VE) childhood (2-5 years) and early (E) childhood ($5{\geq}years$). Results : Spinal canal diameter increased with age; however, this value did not increase with statistical significance after VE age. A significant age-related difference was found for all C2 body and odontoid parameters (p<0.05). Mean McRae line was 8.5, 8, and 7.5 mm in the I, VE, and E groups, respectively. The M-PB-C2 line showed up-and-down dynamic change during early pediatric periods. Conclusion : Expansion of the spinal canal was restricted to the very early childhood period (less than 5 years) in the CVJ region; however, the C2 body and odontoid process increased continuously with age. The above results induced a dynamic change in the M-PB-C2 line. Although C2 longitudinal growth continued with age, the McRae line showed relatively little change.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-17
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• 2004

저자들은 생후 28일된 발열, 간종대, 출혈성 경향, 구토, 잦은 보챔, 전신의 황달 증상을 보이던 환아를 MS-MS 이용한 신생아 대사 이상 검사와 혈중 아미노산 분석, 뇨중 유기산 분석을 통하여 hereditary tyrosinemia type I으로 진단하였다. 저 페닐알라닌/타이로신 식이와 NTBC 사용으로 국내 첫 타이로신혈증 I 치료 성공례를 경험하였다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.71-73
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• 2017

Dysplastic epiglottis is extremely rare congenital malformation, which usually occurs in association with other laryngeal anomalies. Hypoplasia is the most common type in epiglottic malfomations. Other abnormalities include rudimentary, aplasia and bifid etc. Mostly, they are found in infancy and early childhood, and diagnosis at adulthood is extremely rare. A 69-year-old man with chronic cough and globus sense visited our clinic. Laryngoscopic findings revealed a unique form of epiglottis. He had no history of laryngeal trauma, tumors, head and neck surgery, and radiation. There was no another anomaly in the laryngo-pharynx. Because of a mass-like lesion at the apex of epiglottis, we performed the laryngeal microsurgery. The pathology revealed as granulation tissue. We report a rare and unique case of dysplastic epiglottis in elderly patient with a brief literature review.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.352-357
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• 1986

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation [CCAM] of the lung is a rare but often fatal congenital lung bud anomaly that causes acute respiratory distress in the newborn infants. In those who survive infancy and early childhood, its clinical manifestations are not unusual to detect. Recently we experienced two children with CCAM; one with coughing and high fever, another without any symptom On case I, the patient was a 9 year-old female, and was suffered from coughing and high fever since 15 days before. Medical treatment was failed and then, exploratory thoracotomy was performed under the impression of loculated empyema. Finally, a right lower lobectomy was done with a satisfactory postoperative course. On case II, the patient was a 12 year-old female, and admitted for evaluation of known large pulmonary cyst which was checked at the outpatient clinic. Preoperative evaluations gave no more informations, so obliteration of cysts was performed with open biopsy. Two patients with CCAM are described in Korean Univ. Medical Center.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.973-976
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• 1994

Angiomatosis [ or Diffuse Hemangima] is a rare condition in which large segments of the body are involved by proliferating vessels. By now, some authers say that this lesion begins during early intrauterine life when the limb buds form, grow proportionately with the fetus, and consequently affect large areas of the trunk or extremity. The majority of angiomatoses present during childhood or infancy as swelling, induration, or discoloration of the affected area. The patient was 13 year old male and had no specific signs and symptoms except palpable mass on the left lateral chest wall from childhood and a painful tender mass on the posterior chest wall for 5 days before admission. The chest PA showed no abnormalities.The operation was done with the resection of left 10th rib and 9th and 10th intercostal muscles including masses and the ligation of the both intercostal and feeding vessels of the masses. The pathologic result was angiomatosis involving intercostal muscles and rib.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.650-653
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• 1993

Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation [ C.C.A.M.] is rare, but often fatal congenital lung bud anomaly that causes acute respiratory distress in the newborn infants. In those who survive infancy and early childhood, its clinical manifestations are not unusual to detect. Recently we experienced an infant with C.C.A.M. Type II. The patient was a 7-month-old male, and had been suffering from coughing and fever since 3 months ago. The symptom were not improved with medical treatment and then, exploratory thoracotomy was performed under the impression of infected C.C.A.M. or other congenital cystic disease.The left lower lobectomy was performed, and the postoperative course was uneventful.