• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.149-153
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• 2004

This study was to determine the procedure for ultrasonographic imaging of the canine external ear canal(ECC). By infusion of warm saline solution into the ear canal, a real-time B mode ultrasonographic examination of the ECC was performed in five healthy Beagle dogs and two dogs with severe otitis externa. The ultrasonography was very useful to detect the structures of the ECC and the tympanic membrane. An 11 NHz linear probe was permitted to assess an anechoic lumen of the ECC and a hyperechoic cartilage surrounding the ear canal. In two dogs with otitis externa, it could be assessed the ECC with ultrasonography without ear cleansing. A lumen of the ECC was irregular and a cerumen could be seen, but edematous inflammatory changes of the ECC could not be identified. The results suggest that ultrasonography of the ECC with an 11 NHz linear probe after infusing the saline solution into the ear canal may be an accurate, non-invasive, rapid, and widely available method for assessment of the ear canal diseases such as otitis externa, polyp, stenosis, hyperplasia, and foreign body in dogs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.564-569
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• 2016

Background Alar retraction is a challenging condition in rhinoplasty marked by exaggerated nostril exposure and awkwardness. Although various methods for correcting alar retraction have been introduced, none is without drawbacks. Herein, we report a simple procedure that is both effective and safe for correcting alar retraction using only conchal cartilage grafting. Methods Between August 2007 and August 2009, 18 patients underwent conchal cartilage extension grafting to correct alar retraction. Conchal cartilage extension grafts were fixed to the caudal margins of the lateral crura and covered with vestibular skin advancement flaps. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were reviewed and analyzed. Patient satisfaction was surveyed and categorized into 4 groups (very satisfied, satisfied, moderate, or unsatisfied). Results According to the survey, 8 patients were very satisfied, 9 were satisfied, and 1 considered the outcome moderate, resulting in satisfaction for most patients. The average distance from the alar rim to the long axis of the nostril was reduced by 1.4 mm (3.6 to 2.2 mm). There were no complications, except in 2 cases with palpable cartilage step-off that resolved without any aesthetic problems. Conclusions Conchal cartilage alar extension graft is a simple, effective method of correcting alar retraction that can be combined with aesthetic rhinoplasty conveniently, utilizing conchal cartilage, which is the most similar cartilage to alar cartilage, and requiring a lesser volume of cartilage harvest compared to previously devised methods. However, the current procedure lacks efficacy for severe alar retraction and a longer follow-up period may be required to substantiate the enduring efficacy of the current procedure.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.80-82
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• 2014

Purpose Microtia is congenital anomaly of external ear and the reconstruction method for the external ear of microtia patient was based on autogenous costal cartilage framework. The application of 3D printing technique in medical science has made more possibility of human tissue restoration, and we tried to apply this technique in auricular reconstruction field. Materials and Methods As for unilateral microtia patient, the contralateral side ear is normal and reconstructive surgeon tried to mimic it for reconstruction of affected ear. So, we obtained facial CT scan of microtia patient and made mirror image of normal side ear. Moreover, to make the 3D scaffold based on the mirror image of normal ear and to apply this scaffold for the auricular reconstruction surgery, we included auriculocephalic sulcus and anterior fixation part. Results We could successfully obtain mirror image of normal ear, auriculocephalic sulcus and anterior fixation part for 3D scaffold printing. Conclusions Using this CT image processing and 3D printing technique, we will be able to make the scaffold for auricular reconstruction of unilateral microtia patient, and perform auricular reconstruction in near future.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.266-270
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• 2019

A 13-year-old spayed female American cocker spaniel dog was submitted to an animal hospital with a mass from left ear canal and enlarged left parotid lymph node. Given one-year history of odorous exudates and chronic otitis externa, total ear canal ablation was performed. Grossly, because of the neoplastic mass in both inner and outside of annular cartilage in external ear, vertical ear canal was severely narrowed. Histologically, there were numerous proliferated glands in the ear canal mass. Many neoplastic glands contained secretory vesicles on the free margin and necrotic cellular debris. Severe multifocal necrosis and strong invasion were also observed throughout the mass. Massive metastatic foci of glandular structures originated from ceruminous gland were presented in the enlarged parotid lymph node. Neoplastic glandular epithelia contained PAS-positive diastase-resistant eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells showed positive reactions for cytokeratin (CK) 7 and negative for CK 5/6. Based on the clinical implication and gross findings, histopathology and immunohistochemistry, this case was diagnosed as metastatic ceruminous gland adenocarcinoma in the American cocker spaniel.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.117-121
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• 1998

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare disesase involving any cartilaginous structure of entire body and is characterized by recurrent episode of inflammation and degeneration of cartilage and most commonly involve ear, nose, larynx, trachea, ribs, Eustachian tube, etc. Its signs and symptoms are recurrent swelling of auricle, saddle nose deformity, polyarthralgia, hoarseness and dyspnea, audiovestibular disturbance and cardiovascular abnormality, etc. Characteristic histologic findings are loss of normal basophilic staining of cartilage, perichondrial inflammatory infiltration with plamsa cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils, and finality, destruction of cartilage and replacement with scar tissue. Our case had saddle nose deformity, arthralgia, tracheal collapse, hearig loss and positive histologic finding but no auricular perichnodritis. Her major problem was airway. obstruction due to tracheal collapse. This case was diagnosed with relapsing polychondritis according to the Damiani's criteria. This case indicates that any patients complaining of airway obstruction have to be examined systemically.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.183-187
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• 2023

Empty nose syndrome is an uncommon complication of turbinoplasty and other nasal operations. It presents with various manifestations, with the most common symptom being paradoxical nasal obstruction. Here, we report the case of a 67-year-old male patient diagnosed with empty nose syndrome 20 years after turbinoplasty. Autologous auricular conchal cartilage was harvested and implanted into the lateral wall of the inferior turbinate to reduce nasal volume. The patient experienced significant relief from subjective nasal obstruction symptoms immediately after surgery. Over a 23-month follow-up period, no side effects or symptom recurrence was reported.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.181-181
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• 2003

Objectives : Vocal fold augmentation using injectable material is an easy and simple operation. This study is to evaluate the histology of minced and injected autologous auricular cartilage and fat graft in the augmentation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis using a canine model for two years. Study Design : A prospective study with the contralateral side of the larynx used as the control Methods : Twelve dogs were operated. At first, a piece of auricular cartilage was harvested from ear and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel and scissors. And also, a piece of fat tissue was harvested from inguinal area and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel and scissors. The minced cartilage and fat-paste (0.2ml) was injected using a pressure syringe into the paralyzed thyroarytenoid muscle under direct laryngoscopy. Two animals were sacrificed at 3 days, three at 3 weeks. two at 3 months. one at 6 months, one at 12 months, three at 24 months. Each dog underwent laryngectomy and serial coronal sections of paraffin blocks from the posterior part of the vocal fold were made. Result : There was no significant complication perioperatively and during follow-up. There was acute inflammatory findings in the graft at 3 days and 3 weeks. Only a very small proportion of the injected cartilage was absorbed due to the degenerative change and the overall volume was preserved even when the cells died out. The injected cartilage remained in the larynx until 24 months. Conclusion : The autologous cartilage implant using auricular cartilage was the ideal vocal cord augmentative material for the treatment of glottic incompetence.

• Proceedings of the KSLP Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.180-180
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• 2003

Objectives : Vocal fold augmentation by injectable material under direct visual control is an easy and simple operation. However, when autologous fat or bovine collagen is used, resorption creates a problem. And autologous fascia is debating about absorption now days. This study is to evaluate the histology of minced and injected autologous auricular cartilage and fat graft in the augmentation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis using a canine model. Methods : Nine dogs were operated. At first, a piece of auricular cartilage was harvested from ear and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel. And also, a piece of fat tissue was harvested from inguinal area and minced into tiny chips with a scalpel. Cutting off a section of the recurrent nerve paralyzed the right vocal fold. The minced cartilage and fat-paste (0.2ml) was injected using a pressure syringe into the paralyzed thyroarytenoid muscle under direct laryngoscopy. Two animals were sacrificed at 3 days, three at 3 weeks, two at 3 months, one at 6 months, one at 12 months. Each dog underwent laryngectomy and serial coronal sections of paraffin blocks from the posterior part of the vocal fold were made. Results : There was no significant complication perioperatively and during follow-up. There was acute inflammatory findings in the graft at 3 days and 3 weeks. The injected cartilage remained in the larynx until 12 months. Conclusion : The autologous auricular cartilage graft is well tolerated and may be very effective material for volumetric augmentation on paralyzed vocal cord.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 2004

This study was aimed for ultrasonographic assessment of the tympanic membrane and the tympanic bulla in five healthy Beagle dogs. To improve an ultrasonographic image, the ear canal was filled with warm saline, and an 11 MHz linear probe and a 6.5 MHz convex probe were used. The structures of ear component such as ear canal, ear cartilage and tympanic membrane were easily identified. Especially, tympanic membrane was presented as a reflaction surface which was resulted from the different acoustic impedence between the fluid-filled anechoic ear canal and the gas-filled hyperechoic tympanic cavity in normal dogs. In five left-side ears, the saline was infused into the external ear canal after the tympanic membrane had been ruptured experimentally. Both anechoic fluid-filled ear canal and tympanic cavity were clearly identified. In five right-side ears, the surgically fluid-filled tympanic cavity was imaged as a hypoechoic oval shaped structure. When tympanic cavity and ear canal have been contained with fluid, it was difficult to identify whether the tympanic membrane was ruptured or not. For assessment of the ear structure with ultrasonography, the 11 MHz linear probe was considered as an optimal equipment for a serial assessment of ear canal, tympanic membrane and tympanic bulla whereas the 6.5 MHz convex probe was suitable to assess the tympanic cavity. The results suggest that ultrasonography with saline infusion into the ear canal can be used to find the intactness of the tympanic membrane and to assess the fluid- filld tympanic bulla.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.170-175
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• 2019

Background: Cryptotia is a congenital anomaly in which the upper part of the retroauricular sulcus is absent and buried underneath the temporal skin. Various surgical techniques have been reported for the correction of cryptotia following Kubo's V-Y plasty in 1933. Conventional methods using a local skin flap, skin grafting, tissue expansion, Z-plasty, and any of these combined approaches can result in skin deficiency of the upper auricle. The aim of this study was to develop a new method that improves cosmetic results and has fewer complications. Methods: This study involved four patients in whom five cryptotia deformities were corrected using V-Y plasty and Z-plasty. After elevation of the flap, acellular dermal matrix (ADM; MegaDerm) that was over 5 mm in thickness was applied to the cephalo-auricular angle and positioned to enhance the projection of the ear. Lastly, the flap was transposed to complete the repair. Results: Between January 2014 and February 2018, cryptotia correction with ADM graft was performed in four patients. None of the patients developed a recurrence of cryptotia, and there were no postoperative complications such as wound infection, seroma formation, and dehiscence. In addition, the procedures resulted in a favorable cosmetic appearance. Conclusion: Based on these findings, i.e., no recurrence and a favorable cosmetic result, when using an ADM graft, it is suggested that this technique could be an alternative method of cryptotia correction. It could also lessen donor-site morbidity when compared to autologous cartilage grafting and be more cost-effective than using cartilage from a cadaver.