• Title/Summary/Keyword: EW

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Allergenicity of Treated Chicken Egg Whites as Determined by a Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis Test, Immunoblot Analysis, and a Mouse Model of Food Allergy (수동피부아나필락시스 시험, immunoblot, 식품알레르기 생쥐모델에 의한 난백 처리물의 알레르기성 평가)

  • Kim, Hyun-Jung;Ryu, Ju-Hyune;Lee, Soo-Young;Shon, Dong-Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.568-573
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    • 2008
  • The allergenicity of treated chicken egg whites (EW) was evaluated by a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) test, immunoblot analysis, and a mouse model of food anaphylaxis. The results of the PCA test revealed that treatment with 0.3% NaOH (w/v) decreased the antigenicity of native EW to 1/4. In addition, treatment with heat ($121^{\circ}C$, 30 min) or 1% NaOH (w/v) decreased the antigenicity to 1/8 and combined treatment with 1% NaOH (w/v) and heat ($70^{\circ}C$, 15 min) decreased the antigenicity to 1/32 of that of the native EW. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the density of EW protein bands decreased in response to heat treatment, and were almost not detectable following the combined treatment. Finally, the murine model of EW anaphylaxis revealed that the mean score of systemic anaphylactic symptoms in EW challenged mice was 1.85, while the mean score in mice challenged with EW that that had been subjected to the combined treatment was only 0.20. The results of this study indicate that the most effective method of reducing EW allergenicity is combined treatment with 1% NaOH (w/v) and heat ($70^{\circ}C$, 15 min).

Tertiary basin in Korean peninsula and the study of geologic structure at Pohang basin (한반도의 제3기 분지와 포항분지내 지질구조 연구)

  • Lee, Byung-Joo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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    • 2002.11b
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    • pp.3-17
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    • 2002
  • Tertiary Pohang basin distributed in south weatern part of the korean peninsula, is composed of Chunbuk formation as the basal conglomerate, Hakjon formation, Duho formation and intrusive basalt which is 15 Ma by absolute age data. The basement of the basin is represented by Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, Hakjon welded tuff and Chilpo welded tuff and rhyolite. The fault systems at the basement of the Pohang basin are consist of NNE direction fault, WNW to EW trend fault. NNE fault is not only strike-slip fault but also normal fault. n fault has sinistral strike-slip sene and the EW fault is strike-slip and normal fault. In the Tertiary basin, the fault system is represented by nm strike-slip fault, EW normal fault and NNE thrust fault. By these fault relationships and geometries, it is interpreted that NNE sinistral strike-slip fault and nomal fault have acted at Creceous times. At Tertiary tines, NNE dextralstrike-slip fault and EW normal fault has created. Progressively Tertiary Pohang basin was influenced by the trenspression to make thrust fault and fold, namely as inversion tectonics.

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Evaluation of Erythrocyte Morphometric Indices in Juvenile Red Spotted Grouper, Epinephelus akaara under Elevated Water Temperature

  • Rahman, Md Mofizur;Baek, Hea Ja
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.345-353
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    • 2019
  • Higher thermal exposure can influence the blood cell morphology and count. Hence, based on the previous results (Rahman et al., 2019), the present study evaluated the morphometric indices of erythrocytes and their nucleus under different water temperatures (25℃, 28℃, 31℃, and 34℃) to investigate their use as an indicator of thermal stress in red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. 180 healthy specimens of E. akaara were exposed to four temperature conditions (25℃ as control, 28℃, 31℃, and 34℃) for 42 days, following 2 weeks of acclimation at 25℃. Erythrocyte major axis (EL), erythrocyte minor axis (EW), nucleus major axis (NL), and nucleus minor axis (NW) were examined from the blood smears on each sampling day (i.e., 2, 7, and 42 days of thermal exposure). EL and NL were significantly decreased, whereas EW and NW were increased at higher water temperature (31℃ and 34℃). The major-minor axis proportions of erythrocytes and their nucleus (EL/EW; NL/NW) were decreased with increasing water temperature (31℃ and 34℃). The strong relationships were observed among the morphometric indices of erythrocytes and their nucleus, especially in EL vs. NL and EW vs. NW. This study reveals that elevated water temperature (31℃ and 34℃) can influence the major and minor axis morphometry of erythrocytes and their nucleus in red spotted grouper. These indices may be used as stress indicators to monitor the health status of E. akaara and probably for other fish species.

Antigenicity Changes of Ovomucoid and Ovalbumin in Chicken Egg White by NaOH, Heat and Protease Tratments (NaOH, 열, 및 효소 처리에 의한 계란 난백 중 ovomucoid와 ovalbumin의 항원성 변화)

  • Ryu, Ju-Hyune;Park, Chun-Wuk;Lee, Jong-Mee;Shon, Dong-Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.147-151
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    • 2004
  • Antigenicities of ovomucoid (OM) and ovalbumin (OA) in chicken egg white (EW) before and after NaOH, heat, and pretense treatments were examined by competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ciELISA), using rabbit anti-OM and-OA antibodies, Enzymatic hydrolysis of EW did not effectively reduce antigenicity of OM, whereas that of OA was decreased to 1/5,000-1/100,000 by treatment of plant-derived or microbial pretenses. Heat treatment below $100^{\circ}C$ for 30min did not decrease antigenicity of OM, whereas that of OA in heated EW increased maximally to 100 times, Antigenicity of OM in EW effectively decreased by NaOH treatment, disappearing at over 1% NaOH, whereas that of OA increased. Additional heat treatment of NaOH-treated EW at $70^{\circ}C$ for 15min slightly reduced antigenicities of OM and OA.

SPECTROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF THE SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS IN HeI 10830 ${\AA}$ LINE

  • TOHMURA ICHIROH;KITAI REIZABURO;SUEMATSU YOSHINORI;SOLTAU DIRK
    • Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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    • v.29 no.spc1
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    • pp.333-335
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    • 1996
  • Here we report the results from spectroscopic observations of soloar active regions in the HeI 10830 ${\AA}$ line at the German Vacuum Tower Telescope(VTT) in Tenerife during the August 199:3 International EFR(Emerging Flux Region) Campaign. Four active regions in various stages of their evolution, i.e., NOAA7558, 7560, 7561, and 7562, were ovserved on 10 August 1993. From the observed HeI 10830 ${\AA}$ spectra in these active regions, spectroscopic quantities such as equivalent width(EW), doppler shift, doppler width, etc., were derived(see Figure l(a)) and the correlation between them were studied(see Figure l(b)). Our main results are as follows: (I)In NOAA7562, which is a young and evolving EFR, the EW is large, while it is small around a simple and roundish spot of NOAA7558. (2)In these active regions, redshift in the 10830 line is dominant when the EW is larger. (3)As the doppler width increases, the line tends to shift redward. (4)When the EW is smaller, it seems to exist another component which have dynamic characteristics different from the redshifting component. In NOAA7560 and NOAA7561, regions which have several small spots, the values of the EW are intermediate. Results (2) and (3) may suggest the possible existence of downflow above active regions, if the HeI 10830 ${\AA}$line is formed in the upper chromopshere, and it is consistent with the earlyer result from the SMM extreme-ultraviolet observation by Klimchuk(1987, Astrophys. J., 323, 368) (to be submitted. to Astronomy and Astrophysics; an extended abstract)

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Effects of Egg-White Addition on the Quality of Soybean Curd (난백 첨가가 두부 품질에 미치는 영향)

  • 김중만;최용배;김형태;김태영;황호선;황신묵
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.363-368
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    • 1991
  • To fortificate protein to soybean curd, 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% (v/v) of egg white (EW) were added to soybean milk for the soybean curd preparation, respectively. Moisture, $Ca^{2+}$, crude lipid and ash content of the curd were decreased as EW increased whereas protein content, weight and volume, $Mg^{2+},\;K^{+},\;and\;Na^{+}$ incresed, and hardness also increased. In addition, coagulating temperature and hardness were lowered as EW increased. Color and taste panel score were not significantly different (p<0.01), however, texture and flavor score were lowered over 60% (v/v) EW addition. By adding EW (20, 40, 60 and 80%), sulfur containing amino acids were enriched 0.63, 1.20, 1.76 and 2.36 times, respectively compared to the control(0%).

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Material Flow Analysis and its Implication for Sustainability Policy (물질흐름분석(MFA)의 의의와 정책적 함의)

  • Cho, Young-Tak;Choi, Jung-Su
    • Journal of Environmental Policy
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.1-26
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    • 2006
  • This paper reveals Material Flow Analysis(MFA) has the possibility of reconciling the two contending theoretical viewpoints(weak sustainability v.s. strong sustainability) and thereby makes the concept of sustainability useful at operational level. For this purpose, this paper shows that the theoretical logic of MFA can be applied from national level to product level (EW-MFA, PIOT/NAMEA, LCI), and investigates the meanings and policy implications of MFA at each level.

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A Research on Tac-ELINT SW Development Method Using M&S System (M&S 시스템을 활용한 Tac-ELINT 지상운용 SW 개발 방안 연구)

  • Shin, Dong-Cho;Kwak, Hyun-Gyu;Lee, Kwang-Il
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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    • v.14 no.6
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    • pp.1058-1066
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    • 2011
  • This research paper on Tac-ELINT SW development method using M&S system describes the validation and verification methods of Tac-ELINT ground operating software development each stages, and the method of improving reusability of software using SBD(Simulation Based Design/Development) concept. In this project, We obtain the EW software SBD technologies and improved Tac-ELINT ground operating software through software crisis mitigation. This method and technology will expect to support a future EW system and any other various weapon software development.

Design and Analysis of Switching Timing for High Power GPS Meaconing Jammer

  • Lee, Byung-Hyun;Oh, In-Geun;Kim, Sung-Il
    • Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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    • v.7 no.4
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    • pp.227-233
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of satellite navigation meaconing jamming is to make the target GPS receiver calculate false navigation by meaconing the received satellite signals. At this time, since the received and transmitted signals have the same frequency, the back-lobe reduction level of antenna should be -160 dB when the Effective Radiated Power (ERP) is 1 Watt (30 dBm). Therefore, meaconing jamming is impossible by merely reducing the back-lobe level of antenna when the transmitter and receiver are in proximity to each other. In general, the transmitter and receiver are isolated by the time division method to eliminate such transmission/reception interference. This paper studied the optimal switching timing between transmitting and receiving when isolating the time division transmission and reception for GPS meaconing jamming.

Effect of Electrolyzed Water for Reducing Coliform Bacteria on Undaria pinnatifida (전해수 처리에 의한 미역의 대장균군 억제효과)

  • Kim, Bo-Ram;Kim, Koth-Bong-Woo-Ri;Kim, Min-Ji;Kang, Bo-Kyeong;Bark, Si-Woo;Pak, Won-Min;Ahn, Na-Kyung;Choi, Yeon-Uk;Ahn, Dong-Hyun
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.31-37
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    • 2015
  • This study was conducted to investigate the bactericidal activity of electrolyzed water (EW) against coliform bacteria on Undaria pinnatifida (UP). The UP was washed with 15% EW, tap water (TW), and distilled water in the following order: 15% EW for 5 and 10 min (1st to 3rd washing process), TW for 1 min, and distilled water for 10 min (3rd to 5th washing process). The washing processes using 15% EW and distilled water occurred a total of 6 times. The number of viable cells, coliform bacteria, and molds in the untreated sample were in the range of 101 to 103 CFU/g. In the case of the UP with 15% EW for 5 min sample, the viable cell counts were reduced by 1-2 log cycles as compared with the untreated sample. The coliform bacteria were not detected except after the 1st EW washing process. Mold counts were not detected in all treatments. In the UP with 15% EW for 10 min sample, the viable cells, coliform bacteria, and mold counts were not detected. In color, there were no significant differences among samples. In sensory evaluation, the UP treated with 15% EW for 10 min (first washing process) got higher scores for color, aroma, and taste than others. These results suggest that the treatment of 15% EW for 10 min is the most effective way to reduce coliform bacteria of the UP.