• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권6B호
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• pp.583-596
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• 2006

증발은 자연생태계의 에너지 및 물수지에서 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있고, 증발량의 변화에 관한 연구는 수자원의 계획 및 운영에 있어 중요한 요소이다. 본 연구에서는 1973-2004년, 32년간의 4월-10월 사이 7개월 동안의 증발량 평균값과 각 월별 증발량의 변화경향을 파악하고 추세 분석을 위해서 Mann-Kendall 검정을 실시하였다. 또한 증발과 관련된 기상요소들 즉 기온, 강수량, 습도, 전운량, 풍정합 등과의 상관관계도 분석하였다. 전 세계 여러 지역에서 관측된 바와 동일하게 기온 및 강수량이 증가함에도 불구하고 여수와 진주를 제외하고는 모든 관측지점에서 증발량은 감소경향을 나타내었다. 연구 결과는 팬 증발량의 감소가 실제 증발량의 증가를 나타낸다는 Brutsaert와 Parlange(1998)의 해석처럼 우리나라의 팬 증발량의 감소 경향은 실제 증발량의 증가를 나타낸다고 판단된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.195-202
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• 1981

회개, 수자원획(水資源劃) 등(等) 이수(利水)를 목적(目的)으로 하는 장기유출해석(長期流出解析)에 있어 가장 중요(重要)한 인자(因子) 중(中)의 하나인 유역증발산량(流域蒸發散量)을 Water budget방법(方法)에 의(依)하여 산정(算定)하여, Pan, Potential, Regional evaporation과 Temperature와의 관계(關係)를 구명(究明)하여 유출기록(流出記錄)이 없는 무계기(無計器) 지역(地域)의 유역증발산량(流域蒸發散量)과 장기유출량(長期流出最)을 추정(推定)하기 위하여 금강수계(錦江水系) 용담지점(龍潭地點)의 5 개년(個年) 자료(資料)를 분석(分析)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Pan evaporation과 River basin evaporation과의 비(比)($E_w/E_{pan}$)가 계절별(季節別) 성향(性向)을 가장 질서(秩序)있게 나타났으며, Pan evaporation으로부터 River basin evaporation을 Fig. 9 또는 Table-7로부터 추정(推定)할 수 있다. 2. Penman의 Potential evaporation을 적용하기 위하여 cloudness effect와 Wind function의 지역상수(地域常數)를 결정한 결과, 용담지역(龍潭地域)의 지역상수(地域常數)는 다음과 같다. $R_A=R_C(0.13+0.52{\frac{n}{D}})$ $E_a=0.35(e_s-e)(1.8+1.0U)$ 3. Regional evaporation [$E_R=(1-a)R_C-E_P$]는 유도과정의 가정에 따른 functional error가 큰 것으로 보여지나, 유역(流域)전반의 물리(物理), 화학(化學), 생물학적(生物學的)인 증발(蒸發)기구를 포괄적(包括的)으로 포용(包容)하고 있는 이와같은 이론적(理論的)인 함수개발(函數開發)이 요망된다. 4. 기상자료(氣象資料)가 미비(未備)한 지역(地域)에서는 기온(氣溫)만으로 Fig-11과 같이 개락적(槪略的)인 월(月) 평균(平均) 증발산(蒸發散)을 구(求)할 수 있다.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Resistive heating sources are widely used to prepare thin films by vapor deposition because they are cheap, and easy to install and handle in vacuum system. Graphite is one of materials used to make the resistive heating source, but until now only limited applications have been possible as it reacts easily with evaporating materials at high temperature. In this study, evaporation characteristics of aluminum have been investigated by using graphite boat thermally treated with BN powder. The employed graphite boat has been prepared by spray-coating BN power onto the cavity surface of the boat and thermal treatment with aluminum in vacuum at the temperature of more than $1400^{\circ}C$. The voltage-current characteristics as well as resistivity changes of the graphite boat have been investigated during aluminum evaporation according to the applied voltage and time. The evaporation aspect has been picturized during flash evaporation for 40 seconds based on the characterization results. The evaporation rate of the graphite boat has been compared with that of BN boat. The graphite boat showed some different characteristics compared with BN boat, in that the evaporation occurred at the last stage of flash evaporation. The film appearance according to the applied voltage has been compared, and also the reflectance of the resulting film has been investigated according to the film thickness. It has been found that the graphite boat thermally treated with BN powder can be used for aluminum evaporation without problem.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.2125-2131
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 고온고압의 기류중에 투입된 미소연료액적의 증발에 관한 정보 를 구하여 분무연소기구의 해명을 위한 기초테이터를 제공하려 시도한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.323-327
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• 2001

A new method is developed to estimate the evaporation of water from a surface with high accuracy and resolution. The principle of new method is to detect a weight change of buoyant weight according to a change in water level of Class A Pan mesured by the use of a strain-gauge load cell. Field test of evaporation recording new instrument was carried out at Suwon for 10 days July 1999. It is possible in field observation to measure hourly evaporation amount by newly developed evaporation recording instrument in Class A Pan against strong solar radiation. Present study provide a possibility of domestic high accuracy instrument development below than 0.1mm water level measurement accuracy. If there is low humidity and high wind speed conditions which is possible to evaporate from water surface during night time. And it needs continuous study to understand between meteorological elements and latent heat effect at ground level by field observation study using high accuracy evaporation recording instrument.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2010

The evaporation heat transfer characteristics of propane(R-290) in horizontal small diameter tubes were investigated experimentally. The test tubes have inner diameters of 1 mm and 4 mm. Local heat transfer coefficients were measured at heat fluxes of 12, $24\;kW/m^2$, mass fluxes of 150, $300\;kg/m^2s$, and evaporation temperature of $15^{\circ}C$. The experimental results showed that the evaporation heat transfer coefficient of R-290 has an effect on heat flux, mass flux, tube diameter, and vapor quality. The evaporation heat transfer of R-290 has an influenced on nucleate boiling at low quality and convective boiling at high quality. The evaporation heat transfer coefficient of R-290 increases with decreasing inner tube diameter. And the evaporation heat transfer coefficient of R-290 is about 1~3 times higher than that of R-134a.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.236-240
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• 2015

This study aims to experimentally investigate the evaporation characteristics of nanofluid droplet on heated surface at boiling temperature of DI-water. In particular, textured surface was used to examine the effect of wettability on evaporation. At the initial stage of evaporation process, dynamic contact angle (DCA) of nanofluid droplet with 0.01 vol.% concentration on textured surface rapidly increased over its equilibrium contact angle by generated large bubble inside the droplet due to lower wettability. However, contact angle of nanofluid droplet with higher concentration on textured surface decreased with surface tension. In addition, total evaporation time of droplet on textured surface was considerably delayed due to reduction of contact area between droplet and solid surface. Thus, evaporation characteristics were highly affected by the nanofluid concentration and surface wettability.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.305-308
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• 2006

We have studied liquid crystal (LC) aligning capabilities for homeotropic alignment and the control of tilt angles on the $SiO_{x}$ thin film by electron beam evaporation method. A high tilt angle of about $86.5^{\circ}$ was obtained, and also the suitable tilt angle of the NLC on the $SiO_{x}$ thin film at $20{\sim}50\;nm$ thickness with e-beam evaporation can be achieved. The uniform LC alignment on the $SiO_{x}$ thin film surfaces with electron beam evaporation can be achieved. It is considerated that the LC alignment on the $SiO_{x}$ thin film by electron beam evaporation is attributed to elastic interaction between LC molecules and micro-grooves at the $SiO_{x}$ thin film surface created by evaporation.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2017년도 학술발표회
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• pp.183-183
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• 2017

Pan evaporation (Epan) is an important indicator of water and energy balance. Despite global warming, decreasing annual Epan has been reported across different continents over last decades, which is claimed as pan evaporation paradox. However, such trend is not necessarily found in seasonal data because the level of contributions on Epan vary among meteorological components. This study investigates long-term trend in seasonal pan evaporation from 1908 to 2016 across South Korea. Meteorological variables including air temperature (Tair), wind speed (U), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and solar radiation (Rs) are selected to quantify the effects of individual contributing factor to Epan. We found overall decreasing trend in Epan, which agrees with earlier studies. However, mixed tendencies between seasons due to variation of dominant factor contributing Epan were found. We also evaluated the reference evapotranspiration based on Penman-Monteith method and compared this with Epan to better understand the physics behind the evaporation paradox.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2023

This study investigates the evaporation characteristics of paired sessile droplets on a heated substrate. In particular, the evaporation time and contact line behaviors were analyzed based on the droplet-to-droplet distance and substrate temperature. The contact line behavior and volume variations were visualized using the shadowgraph method. It was observed that the contact diameter and contact angle exhibited similar behavior for both single and paired droplets regardless of the droplet-to-droplet distance and substrate temperature. The paired droplets demonstrated a longer evaporation time than the single droplet due to the vapor accumulation between the droplets. Furthermore, the scaled lifetime, defined as the ratio of evaporation time between paired and single droplets, increased as the droplet-to-droplet distance decreased and decreased as the substrate temperature increased, attributed natural convection.