• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.121-130
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• 2012

This study develops the evaluation model which is for assessing on the side of users in expressway service areas. The direction of development on Evaluation Criteria is all about on the side of necessity of service area users, the reflection of current conditions, the construction of total evaluation criteria, and the examination of connecting study with current study. After that, this study examines previous evaluation criterias and researchers will select the primary provision of evaluation through FGI, and they derive the final evaluation criteria throughout the verification of suitability on Evaluation Criteria. Throughout AHP analysis which is a professional survey system of users, researchers derive on the side of facilities, on the side of operations, on the side of environments, and on the side of services in order by the weightings.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5D
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• pp.421-427
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• 2012

This study develops the evaluation model which is for assessing on the side of users in expressway service areas, and researchers apply this study for monitoring expressway service areas by routes. The direction of development on Evaluation Criteria is all about on the side of necessity of rest area users, the reflection of current conditions, the construction of total evaluation criteria, and the examination of connecting study with current study. After that, this study examines previous evaluation criterias and researchers will select the primary provision of evaluation through FGI, and they derive the final evaluation criteria throughout the verification of suitability on Evaluation Criteria. Throughout AHP analysis which is a professional survey system of users, researchers dereive on the side of facilities, on the side of environments facilities, on the side of position, and on the side of services in order by the weightings. As you can see in this study, this study also considers quantitative and qualitative factors together, and it allows to evaluate conditions of rest areas. In addition, this study can be a primary study for suggesting the ways of improvements of rest areas by using Spider Map and for monitoring future study.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 1996

Provision of better nursing care to patients is a difficult but important task. The first problem for nursing quality improvement is development of evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care. This study tries to develop a patient care tool for patients with chronic renal failure. This study as a procedural evaluation of patient care, tries to show what, how, at what order to provide care to patients with chronic renal failure. This study is divided into process of development of tool, its reliability and validity. Among process of development of tool is focal group, small expert group and expert evaluation group. To develop approprieteness of tool, nurses working is four major hospitals is Seoul were selected. To evaluate the credibility of subjects, 19 patient who were hospitalized and discharged within 3 months were selected. The period for collecting data for reliability and valiability evaluation was between Sept. 20 to Oct. 18, 1995. The development process of this study is as follows ; 1. Make preliminary list of the tool by focal group consisting of 8 clinical nurses. 2. Modify and add preliminary list by 4 expert nursing panel. 3. Calculate content validity of the tool by 23 nursing expert panel of judge. 4. Verity relability and validity of the tool. 5. Finalize an evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in chronic renal failure patient. The result of this study were as follows ; 1. Development of evaluation tool for the quality of nursing care in chronic renal failure. 1) The evaluation of this study was developed 5 standards, 28 criteria. and 130 indicators 2) Nursing care evaluation scores for chronic renal failure patients were average 68.8. 2. Verity reliability and validity of the tool. 1) 5 standards were divided into 4 point scale and according to 28 creteria, indicators of standard were 3.72 and of criteria were 3.77 2) Inter - rater reliability (consentaneity score) of the tool by pearson correlation coefficient betwwen rates were r= .72, r= .75 and interreliabilities by single - facet crossed design were r= .96. 3) The alpha coeffecient relating to internal consistency was .7259 over 27 items of 28 criterias of developed tool. Through this study, I'm sure that the developed tool for the quality of patient care in chronic-renal failure patient will show the way of more improvement of the quality of nursing care and effective nursing intervention.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.270-281
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• 2010

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is necessary to neonates in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) for survival and growth because of impossible of enteral feeding. Long-term TPN can be associated with a broad spectrum of hepatobiliary disorder, ranging from mild hepatic dysfunction to severe end-stage liver disease. Cholestasis developed most commonly in neonate, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is widely used in adult with cholestatic and non-cholestatic liver diseases but there have been limited data on the effects in neonate with PNAC. This study was performed retrospectively to review all medical histories of the total 30 neonates with was administrated UDCA for treatment to parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC) at Chungbuk National University Hospital NICU from April 2002 to December 2008. UDCA was administrated at bilirubin is over 2 mg/dl. The criterias for drug evaluation were included hepatic biochemical marker such as direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT, TPN therapy period, cholestasis development period, UDCA treatment period, UDCA dosage and adverse effect. In the results, Post-UDCA treatment significant was decreased direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, AST and ALP (p<0.05), and was decreased GGT (p>0.05) and slightly was increased ALT (p>0.05). Reffective timect biDCA was appear at mean $10.5{\pm}1.3$ days, iDCA administration period was mean $64.4{\pm}5.9$ days, cholestasis period was mean $71.9{\pm}6.4$ days and UDCA dosage was mean $22.9{\pm}0.9$ mg/kg/day. Common adverse effects is diarrhea, 5 patients arised mild diarrhea but it possible also related with increased enteral feeding. In conclusion, iDCA can decrease direct bilirubin that major parameter t bcholestasis and oher hepatic biochemical makers. UDCA is effective on PNAC without any serious side effect and cost-effective. Although no greatly shortening cholestasis period, but can protect to develop into severe liver disease and other complication or death. Based on these result, UDCA is recommended for treatment of cholestasis at direct bilirubin is over 2 mg/dl.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2004

Bone marrow transplantation(BMT) is widely used as curative means of various malignant and nonmalignant hematologic disorders, and early and accurate determination of engraftment is very important for critical management decisions. Reticulocyte counts performed by automated flow cytometric methods is a good indicator of erythropoietic activity and its evaluation has been proposed as an early predictor of bone marrow regeneration. Some reports highlighted the usefulness of the percentage of highly fluorescent reticulocytes and the sum of highly and medium fluorescent reticulocytes(immature reticulocyte fraction, IRF). In Asan Medical Center, the criteria for engraftment following BMT or PBSCT was defined as the first day of a 3-day trend of absolute neutrophil count(ANC)${\geq}500/uL$ and platelet count${\geq}30{\times}10^3/uL$. In 1999, Grotto et al proposed an indidator of bone marrow recovery as the first day on which the IRF was twice the minimum value after bone marrow transplantation. To compare the both criterias, we got consecutive datas of immature reticulocyte fraction, absolute neutrophil count(ANC), WBC count, platelet count and reticulocyte count by XE-2100 automated hematology analyzer(Sysmex Co. Japan) from 33 patients daily after BMT. When compared to standard neutrophil engraftment(10-30 days, $16.2{\pm}4.6days$), IRF engraftment (5-21 days, $11.0{\pm}3.9days$) occured significantly earlier in 87.9% of patients(P<0.05). The mean engraftment day for WBC count(11-29 days, $16.4{\pm}4.3days$) was similar to ANC, but platelet count and reticulocyte count revealed more delayed data (10-49 days, $19.1{\pm}7.4days$ vs 17-64 days, $31.4{\pm}14.1days$). In conclusion, our results confirm that an increase in the immature reticulocyte population is the earliest sign of the hematopoietic recovery after BMT and that automated reticulocyte quantification including immature fraction may be integrated into clinical protocols to evaluate bone marrow reconstitution.