• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.723-731
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• 1994

We have modified the isolated perfused working rabbit lung model [IPWL] by perfusing the isolated lung with a hollow fiber membrane deoxygenator.For assessment the stored lung was ventilated with FIO2 0.4 and perfused with 37$^{\circ}$C deoxygenated circulating blood at a rate 5ml/kg/min for several hours until lung failure.We chose to compare our developing solution which contained low potassium and pentastarch with the modified Euro-Collins solution .Experiments were divided into four groups[n=6] based on the type of flushing preservation solution and preservation time.The flushed lungs were then preserved into same solution at 8~10$^{\circ}$C with 100% O2 inflated condition for 1 or 20 hours.These following results were obtained.The IPWL model requires only one animal per experiment and allows for the continuous assessment of aerodynamic performance. This should therefore be used as screening test in lung preservation.One hour preservation groups, there were no significant difference in recovery rates of PaO2, PAP and Paw. Survival time in the one hour preservation groups were very significant long in the Group II[LPPS, p<0.01]. Twenty hours preservation groups, there were no significant difference in the recovery rates of PAP and Paw between Group III[m-ECS] and Group IV[NS], but PaO2 was significantly worse at onset of reperfusion in Group III when compared with Group IV [p<0.05]. And also survival time in the 20 hours preservation groups were significant long in the Group IV [p<0.05].

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.18-23
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of our study was to report clinical improvement of a patient who suffered from Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD) being treated with Korean Medical treatments and Intraoral Balancing Appliance (IBA). Methods: During the admission period, the patient was treated with acupuncture, cupping, Korean Medicine, Chuna therapy and FCST (Functional Cerebrospinal Therapy) every day. And we observed patient's condition by Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Pain Disability Index (PDI), EQ-5D-5L (Five-level EuroQol-5 dimensions), and assessment about range of motion(ROM) for temporomandibular joint and cervix. Results: After treated for 4 weeks, the patient's NRS, PDI, EQ-5D-5L and ROM were improved. Conclusions: Korean Medical treatments including FCST are estimated to be effective for patients with TMD. But the case was only one, so more cases and further research is needed to prove the effectiveness of the treatment.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.166-173
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• 2006

This study investigates a heavy duty diesel engine with swept vol. 12.6L, 4cycle-OHC type to verify the effects of the performance and exhaust gas emission according to the variable specifications of both swirl ratio and flow coefficient in inlet port, combustion bowl and fuel injection system. To meet the high BMEP and stringent exhaust emission standard, a turbocharger with wastegate and an intercooler were installed in the engine. Helical port, major design parameters for combustion chamber and electronic fuel injection pump with 1,000bar were reviewed and applied. Confirmation tests were also performed to meet the target value, $NO_x$ 5.0g/kWh and PM 0.1g/kWh of Euro3 exhaust emission legislation. The results of this study show that not only is it effective to use a relatively bigger bowl size for controlling rapid burning condition due to the decreased in-bowl swirl, but also to use a concave cam with double injection rates to decrease $NO_x$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.12 s.255
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• pp.1181-1187
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• 2006

Stringent regulations of exhaust emission from vehicles become a major issue in automotive industries. In SI engines, it is one of the crucial factor to reduce exhaust emissions during cold start in order to meet stringent regulations such as SULEV or EURO-4, because SI engines emit a large portion of total harmful exhaust compounds when they are cold. At early stages of cold start in gasoline engines, exhaust gas temperature plays a key role to improve three way catalyst by virtue of fast warmup. Therefore, this study focused on the increase of exhaust gas temperature under controls of engine operating parameters such as spark ignition timing, valve overlap by virtue of intake VVT and catalyst heating function. Furthermore, effects on harmful emission due to these parameters are also investigated. Experiments showed that retarded spark ignition timings and increased valve overlap may be helpful to increase exhaust gas temperature. It was also found that $NO_x$ was decreased with increased valve overlap. This study also showed that sudden changes in ISA and amount of fuel due to the deactivation of catalyst heating function cause temporal increase of harmful emissions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 1985

^x In Korea, we are entering on a new phase that the use concept of urban park is extending to dynamic activities such as games and sports. This article is to investigate the significance of lawn areas, as a receptive space of such a wide range of recreation activities. As a study process, Green Styles (type of parks) such as Garden Type, Park Type and Forest Type were studied and historical review of lawn areas in park development was performed. In conclusion, the lawn areas ( greensward) are an essential part of park and open space organization. The significance as a conclusion is presented as follows : 1 ) Balance in type of parks The structures of our parks and open spaces are inclined toward the artificial Garden Type and natural Forest Type. Therefore, the intermediate Park Type and sparse wood areas should be a core part of our park and open space development. 2) Psychological effect Park Type areas, thorned by greensward(lawn area), can refresh urban dwellers with natural picturesque landscaps, and Park Type landscape is the most preferred natural landscape. It shows the essence of natural amenity as 3) Accomodation of wide range of recreation activities Lawn areas in urban park are the best place in accomodating the wide range of active and massive recreation activities. Thus, lawn areas can increase the freedom of recreation use in urban park. 4) Enlargement of physical carrying capacity. With expansion of lawn areas of euro- american concept, the structural open space can be transformed into service open space. Thus, the recreation carrying capacity of urban parks can be enlarged.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a nurse-led community comprehensive exercise program on the body composition, physical function, and health-related quality of life in elderly patients with osteoporosis. Method: The study was conducted with one group pretest-posttest design. A total of 57 elderly patients participated in 8 weeks of intervention. Data was analyzed with the SPSS ver. 23.0 using descriptive statistics and paired t-test. Results: At the end of the intervention, body mass index was significantly increased (t=2.93, p=.005), but right leg balance (t=2.40, p=.02) was significantly improved. In addition, the total Korean-Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (K-WOMAC) (t=3.48, p=.001), knee pain (t=2.61, p=.012), stiffness (t=2.53, p=.014), and physical function (t=3.51, p=.001) were significantly decreased. EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS) scores (t=4.25, p<.001) were significantly improved. Conclusion: The nurse-led eight-week community comprehensive exercise program did not show desirable change in the body composition but was effective on the physical function and health-related quality of life for older people with osteoartritis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2023

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a chronic and recurrent upper gastrointestinal symptom that has no organic cause. A 49-year-old male patient positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) visited the clinic because of FD and constipation. He received complex Korean medicine treatment, including acupuncture and herbal medicines, from April 14 to July 18, 2022 (27 times) in the outpatient department. Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI), FD-related quality of life (FD-QoL), Euro QoL visual analog scale (EQ-VAS), and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) were used as evaluation tools in this study. Symptoms were relieved after 3 months of treatment, and his QoL improved (GSRS, 15-3; NDI, 110-21; FD-QoL, 52-20 [eating status, 10-3; liveliness status, 12-8; psychological, 1-0; role-functioning status, 18-9]; EQ-VAS, 40-65; NRS, 8-4). The results revealed that complex Korean medicine treatment could alleviate FD and constipation in patients with HIV.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.150-155
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• 2023

Cold-start emissions are given great importance under the Euro-7 emission standard due to their significant impact on overall vehicle emissions. When an engine is started from a cold state, the combustion process is not yet optimized, leading to higher emissions. Hybrid vehicles, in particular, may face additional challenges, as their engine may remain inactive for extended periods, causing their catalysts to cool down and potentially become less effective in reducing emissions. In the present study, the performance of an electric heater was investigated as a means to enhance the catalyst heating during the start-up time. A simulation tool was utilized to develop a model for the gasoline exhaust aftertreatment system. The result indicates that the heater was able to increase the three-way catalyst temperature to 500℃ in 4 s using 20 kW power. In addition, the implementation of a secondary air supply resulted in reduced temperature overshoot and improved conversion efficiencies.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.10-11
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• 2020

Currently, the most used forms, such as euro form and aluminum form, has many problems. There are issues with noise of construction site because of existing forms' material and issues with safety because of heavy weight. To solve these problems, there are many researches on using plastic and composite materials on the formwork. However, plastic has lower tensile strength than the steel and aluminum and composite materials are expensive. Therefore, constructors are avoid to use the forms with new materials. The purpose of this study is to develop light-weight plastic form to solve these existing problems by using ABS with optimized design. To verify, the study measured the amount of deflection from developed form through a load test. The test result showed a deflection of 1.15mm when 1.4ton was loaded in the middle of form. The result of the study verified that the usage of ABS and optimized design effectively reduced the weight and noise. Also, it's performance was verified through the load test.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7555-7559
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• 2015

Background: CML includes 30% of all leukemias, and occurs from childhood to old age. The present study was a retrospective analysis of chronic phase CML patients registered to a Hematology Clinic in Kermanshah, Iran, with checking of treatment options. Materials and Methods: Between 2002 and 2014, 85 CML patients referred to our hematology clinic were enrolled in our study. We surveyed age, sex, B-symptoms, splenomegaly, Sokal score, Hasford score, treatment and survival in all patients. Philadelphia chromosome analysis was conducted for each patient by conventional cytogenetics. We compared treatment in the patients with three drugs, imatinib, hydroxyurea (HU) and interferon alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$). Results: The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was $47.5{\pm}14.5years$ (range, 23-82 years), with 43 (50.6%) being male. Some 13 (15.3%) were referred to our clinic for the first time with B-symptoms and 44 patients (51.8%) had splenomegaly. The Sokal score for 77 (90.6%) was low, 4 (4.7%) was intermediate and 4(4.7%) was high, but Hasford (Euro) scores for all patients were low. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients with imatinib, imatinib plus HU and imatinib plus HU plus IFN-${\alpha}$ was 90.5%, 81.1% and 55.6%, respectively Conclusions: The results show that imatinib therapy alone provides better survival in CML patients compared to HU or IFN-${\alpha}$. Combinations of IFN-${\alpha}$ and/or HU with imatinib probably reduce survival.