• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.61
• /
• pp.29-55
• /
• 2014

Subject matter of international trade are various. They contain not only tangible assets such as goods but also intangible assets including service, technology, and capital etc. Technology, a creation of the human intellect, is important as it is the main creative power to produce goods. It can be divided into Patent, Trademark, Know-how and so on. These Technologies are protected by the national and international laws on regulations for the Intellectual Property Rights(IPR), since technology development is needed a lot of time and effort, and the owner of the technology may have crucial benefits for creating and delivering better goods and services to users and customers. Therefore, any licensee who wants to use the technology which other person(licensor) owns, he(the licensee) and the original owner(the licensor) shall make Technology Transfer Contract. Differently from the International Sales Contract in which seller provides the proprietary rights of goods for buyer, in the case of International Transfer of Technology Contract, the licensor doesn't provide proprietary rights of technologies with the licensee, on the contrary the right of using is only allowed during the contract. The purpose of this paper is to examine the main issues in International Transfer of Technology Contract. This author focused on the main obligations of both parties, namely licensor's obligation to provide the technology and licensee's obligation to pay the royalty. As every country has different local mandatory laws about Intellectual Property Rights(IPR) and these mandatory rules and laws prevails over the contract, the related rules and laws should be examined carefully by both parties in advance. Especially the rules and laws about the competition limitation in the local country of licensee and the economic union(like the EU) should be checked before contracting. In addition, the contract has much more complicate and delicate aspects than other international business contracts, so both parties should review carefully before singing the contract.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.117-130
• /
• 2011

In a situation where worldwide free trade between countries has expanded recently, our country is being rapidly pushed FTA agreements with the financial developed countries such as United States, EU. According to the agreement, the user information of foreign financial companies in Korea is expected to be transfered overseas. In this paper, we need to define the scope and the definition about the transfer of information and analyze the relating domestic and foreign laws preparing for Cross Border Financial Information Transfer. Also, we review the expected issues about the transfer of information divided into institutional and technical sectors and arc presented the policy implication such as differentiation of regulatory information, enactment and amendment of Personal Information Protection Law(Draft) and related regulations, ensuring the safety of financial companies, raise the standard guidelines of the transfer of information. We refers to the needs for policy formulation to differentiate our privacy information from financial information to protect the privacy of users. The proposed countermeasures in this paper is expected to be helpful the measures to prepare for other institutions such as banks and supervisory authorities prepare for the future Cross Border Financial Information Transfer according to PTA.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.1-15
• /
• 2015

Before the advent of pasteurization and other microbiological controls in the dairy industry, milk product-borne diseases such as scarlet fever, typhoid fever, septic sore throat, and tuberculosis were globally widespread. Pasteurization was invented by Louis Pasteur, and it has been considered as one of the most effective ways to control milk product-borne diseases since the 20th century. Nevertheless, till date, various types of cheese in the EU, the USA, and other countries are made from unpasteurized milk as artisan cheese, following the specific food regulations of each nation. Furthermore, after the effectiveness of the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations between Korea and many nations, the import of various types of cheese made in different conditions and influenced by acidity, preservatives, temperature, competing flora, water activity, and salt concentration increased yearly. Hence, the objective of this review was to describe (1) the 60-day aging rule of cheese, (2) characteristics of the outbreaks linked to cheese manufactured from unpasteurized milk since 1998 to 2011 in USA, and (3) serious health risks from unpasteurized milk, to ensure food protection and safety and to use this basic information for risk assessment.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.183-191
• /
• 2021

The advanced development of the world's economies requires a detailed study of the impact of factors on the level of digitalization, to ensure economic growth and promote the use of information and communication technologies in the digital economy. Digitalization of the world's economies is ensured through the implementation of relevant regulations and policy decisions to implement public policy and strategy of the digital economy. The purpose of the study is to establish the pattern of the impact of factors on the level of digitalization of world economies by conducting a regression analysis to reflect the dependence of the impact of factors on the level of digitalization in 25 economies (by IMD digital competitiveness), to check the level of digitalization of the world's economies. It is necessary to analyze the ranking of countries in the world according to the DiGiX Index, IMD, and DESI Digital Competitiveness Rating. Research methods: information synthesis method; regression analysis; systematization, and generalization. Results. It was found that because of regression analysis, the value of the coefficient of determination indicates that the regression model by 78% explains the relationship between future readiness of countries to implement digital technologies and information and communication technologies, but there are still a small number of other factors not included in the regression model. It is determined that the greatest progress among EU member states for the period 2015-2020 according to the DESI index belongs to Ireland, the Netherlands, Malta, and Spain. It is established that Estonia, Spain, and Denmark are in the lead in the DESI rating, in terms of e-government implementation. The study found that the impact of factors on the level of digitalization of world economies contributes to solving current economic problems through further implementation of information and communication technologies and improving legislation in the digital economy, which will ensure the implementation of effective digital policy. It is established that ensuring the appropriate level of digitalization of the world's economies should solve the problems in the digital economy sector faced by governments and businesses, which requires the implementation of measures to regulate and ensure the continued operation of the digital economy.