• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.227-244
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• 2013

The vascular plants in the trail from Jangansan to Palgongsan were listed 389 taxa (8.0% of all 4,881 taxa of Korean vascular plants); 84 families, 226 genera, 325 species, 1 subspecies, 55 varieties and 8 forms. Furthermore, hemicryptophytes (H) were 110 taxa (28.3%), geophytes (G) were 77 taxa (19.8%), megaphanerophytes (MM) were 48 taxa (12.3%), nanophanerophytes (N) were 47 taxa (12.1%) showed high proportional ratio in life form. So, resource plants of 237 taxa of edible (60.9%), 278 taxa of medicinal (71.5%), 229 taxa of ornamental (58.9%) and 178 taxa of the others (45.8%). Based on the list of rare plants, 7 taxa (1.8% of all 389 taxa of flora and 1.2% of all 571 taxa of rare plants); Paeonia japonica (VU), Viola albida, Viola diamantica, Lilium distichum, Disporum ovale, Tricyrtis dilatata, Iris ensata var. spontanea (LC), etc. Based on the list of endemic plants, 7 taxa (1.8% of all 389 taxa of flora and 2.1% of all 328 taxa of endemic plants); Salix koriyanagi, Aconitum pseudolaeve var. erectum, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum, Philadelphus schrenckii, Asperula lasiantha, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, etc. Based on the list of specific plants, 46 taxa (11.8% of all 389 taxa of flora and 4.3% of all 1,071 taxa of specific plants); 2 taxa (Wisteria floribunda for. floribunda, Cardamine yezoensis, etc.) in class IV, 6 taxa (Acer palmatum, Ulmus davidiana, etc.) in class III, 14 taxa (Ligularia fischeri, Cymopterus melanotilingia, etc.) in class II, 24 taxa (Ilex macropoda, Fraxinus mandshurica, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 6 families, 16 genera, 18 taxa (Phytolacca americana, Robinia pseudoacacia, Oenothera odorata, Erechtites hieracifolia, Festuca arundinacea, etc.) and invasive alien plants were 3 taxa; Rumex acetocella, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aster pilosus. Naturalization rate (NR) was 4.6% of all 389 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index (UI) was 5.6% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.50-60
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• 2014

This study aims to sort out the plants in "Poetry of the South" what is in the written by Qu Yuan in the Kingdom of Chu and to analyze the utility and appreciation of plants. The conclusions are as follows. First, there were 80 plant names and 56 plant species were sorted out, and these results can confirm that the plants were existed in the 340-277 BC. Second, through analyzing the utility of the plants, herba lycopi, basil etc. as the garden plants; lotus, chrysanthemum etc. as the ornamental plants; galangal and cannabis sativa as the present; basil, musa basjoo, etc. as the sacrifice plants. Third, through analyzing the appreciation of the plants, golden birch, chrysanthemum etc. for gustatory appreciation; herba lycopi and pine tree etc. for tactile appreciation; bamboo for sensory appreciation. Forth, through analyzing the token of the plants, calamus and basil etc. are the symbol of personal character noble; wormwood and caltrop etc. are the symbol of villain. Based on the research of "Poetry of the South", it can help to understand the plants culture in 340-277 BC, and it will be a useful information for the plant design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.23-40
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• 2012

The vascular plants of major sites in Changwon-si were listed 456 taxa (9.3% of all 4,881 taxa of vascular plants); 112 families, 293 genera, 371 species, 2 subspecies, 66 varieties and 17 forms. The vascular plants of Changwon-cheon were listed 133 taxa, Junam reservoir were listed 90 taxa, Seongju-sa were listed 293 taxa, and Yungji park were listed 164 taxa. Divided into 456 taxa; woody plants were 160 taxa (35.1%) and herbaceous plants were 296 taxa (64.9%). Furthermore, therophytes (Th) were 111 taxa (24.3%), hemicryptophytes (H) were 75 taxa (16.4%), megaphanerophytes (MM) were 63 taxa (13.8%) showed high proportional ratio in life form. Based on the list of rare plants by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 10 taxa (1.8% of all 571 taxa of rare plants); Aristolochia contorta (LC), Euryale ferox (VU), Melothrua japonica (LC), Utricularia pilosa (CR), Hydrocharis dubia (LC), Carex idzuroei (DD), Acorus calamus var. angustatus (LC), etc. Based on the list of endemic plants by the Korea National Arboretum, 10 taxa (3.0% of all 328 taxa of endemic plants); Salix pseudolasiogyne, Philadelphus incanus, Indigofera koreana, Lespedeza ${\times}$ maritima, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, etc. Based on the list of specific plants by floral region were total 43 taxa (4.0% of all 1,071 taxa of specific plants); 4 taxa (Euryale ferox, Hydrocharis dubia, Carex idzuroei, etc.) in class IV, 9 taxa (Ilex crenata, Acer palmatum, Stewartia pseudocamellia, Melothria japonica, Fatsia japonica, etc.) in class III, 3 taxa (Caltha palustris var. membranacea, Nymphoides indica, etc.) in class II, 26 taxa (Cyrtomium fortunei, Chloranthus japonicus, Quercus variabilis, Ulmus parvifolia, Aphananthe aspera, etc.) in class I. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 48 taxa (Rumex crispus, Chenopodium album var. album, Amaranthus patulus, Phytolacca american, Brassica juncea var. integrifolia, Potentilla paradoxa, Robinia pseudoacacia, Euphorbia maculata, Oenothera odorata, Cuscuta pentagona, Veronica persica, Plantago lanceolata, Diodia teres, Helianthus tuberosus, Dactylis glomerata, etc.), naturalization rate was 10.5% of all 456 taxa of vascular plants and urbanization index was 15.0% of all 321 taxa of naturalized plants. Ecosystem disturbing wild plants were 3 taxa (Rumex acetocella, Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiifolia).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.267-283
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• 2011

Endangered species designated by The Ministry of Environment in region of Naejangsan National Park were found Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K.H.Tae & S.T.Ko, Iris koreana Nakai, Cymbidium macrorrhizum Lindl and Vexillabium yakushimensis (Yamam.) F.Maek.(4 taxa). The floristic special plants were recorded to a total of 159 taxa; that is, class I species (91 taxa) were containing as Chloranthus fortunei (A.Gray) Solms, Vicia anguste-pinnata Nakai and Euscaphis japonica (Thunb.) Kanitz, etc, class II species (17 taxa) were Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi, Dryopteris expansa (C.Presl) Fraser-Jenkins et Jermy and Gymnocarpium dryopteris (L.) Newman, etc, class III species (32 taxa) were containing; Cirsium setidens (Dunn) Nakai, Parasenecio pseudotaimingasa (Nakai) B.U.Oh and Saussurea eriophylla Nakai, etc, class IV species (9 taxa) were Deutzia paniculata Nakai, Carex ligulata Nees and Thuja orientalis L., etc, and class V species (10 taxon) were Orobanche filicicola Nakai, Lycoris chinensis var. sinuolata K.H.Tae & S.T.Ko and Lycoris sanguinea var. koreana (Nakai) T.Koyama, etc. Endemic species of korea were identified 40 taxa such as Broussonetia kazinoki var. humilis Uyeki, Pseudostellaria coreana (Nakai) Ohwi and Silene seoulensis Nakai, etc. Plant species designated as Natural Monument were 2 species that Daphniphyllum macropodum forest(No. 91) and Torreya nucifera forest(No. 153) receive protection. The naturalized plants were identified 30 taxa; Fallopia dumetorum (L.) Holub, Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach and Rumex crispus L., etc. Among them the ecosystem disturbance wild plants was not discovered.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.447-469
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• 2011

The flora of Bongamsa (Temple) area, Mungyeong were listed 552 taxa; 99 families, 303 genera, 468 species, 1 subspecies, 70 varieties and 13 forms. Based on the rare plants (IUCN), total 12 taxa; Crypsinus hastatus (Polypodiaceae), Eranthis stellata (Ranunculaceae), Cnidium tachiroei (Umbelliferae), Monotropa hypopithys (Pyrolaceae), Rhododendron micranthum (Ericaceae), Salvia chanroenica (Labiatae), Gastrodia elata (Orchidaceae), etc. Based on the endemic plants, total 11 taxa; Asarum chungbuensis, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Corydalis maculata, Lonicera subsessilis, Aster koraiensis, Saussurea seoulensis, etc. Based on the specific plants by floral region were total 48 taxa (8.7% of all 552 taxa of vascular plants); 2 taxa in class V, 5 taxa (Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Wistaria floribunda, Elsholtzia angustifolia, etc.) in class IV, 10 taxa (Betula davurica, Spiraea chinensis, Acer barbinerve, Vaccinium koreanum, Syringa reticulata var. mandshurica, etc.) in class III, 7 taxa (Potentilla dickinsii, Viola orientalis, Ostericum melanotilingia, Melica nutans, Veratrum parulum, etc.) in class II, 24 taxa (Camptosorus sibiricus, Cephalotaxus koreana, Betula schmidtii, Ilex macropoda, Tilia amurensis, Triadenum japonica, Lobelia sessilifolia, etc.) in class I. Based on the naturalized plants, total 21 taxa (Silene armeria, Oenothera lamarckiana, Symphytum officinale, Erechtites hieracifolia, etc.) and naturalization rate was 3.8% of all 552 taxa of vascular plants. The flora of importance in the Bongamsa, rare plants were Crypsinus hastatus, Eranthis stellata, Gastrodia elata, Monotropa uniflora, Monotropa hypopithys, Rhododendron micranthum and Cnidium tachiroei, Iris ensata var. spontanea in intermediate marsh and alien species classify into planted species of Bongamsa, area for investigation of afforestation and artificial forests, introduced of naturalized plants.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.498-515
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• 2011

The flora of Juwangsan National Park was surveyed. The field works was done for seven times from March to October 2008. Endangered species designated by The Ministry of Environment in Juwangsan National Park were found to be Hylotelephium ussuriense (KOM.) H. OHBA, Berchemia berchemiaefolia (MAK.) KOIDZ, Jeffersonia dubia BENTH., Iris odaesanensis Y.N.LEE and Acanthopanax senticosus (RUPR. et MAX.) HARMS, Lilium cernum KOM., Thalictrum coreanum LEV.(7 taxa). The floristic special plants were recorded to a total of 88 taxa; that is, degree V species (8 family 9 taxa) were containing as Jeffersonia dubia BENTH., Berchemia berchemiaefolia (MAK.) KOIDZ, Lilium cernum KOM., etc, degree IV species (4 family 5 taxa) were Cimicifuga heracleifolia KOM., Anemone reflexa STEPH. et WILLD., Patrinia rupestris JUSS., etc, degree III species (16 family 18 taxa) were containing; Pyrrosia petiolosa (CHRIST.et BARONI) CHING, Exochorda serratifolia S. MOORE., Aristolochia manshuriensis KOM., etc, degree II species (14 family 18 taxa) were Paeonia japonica MIYABE et TAKEDA, Isopyrum raddeanum (REGEL) MAX., Cypripedium macramthum SW., etc and degree I species (30 family 38 taxa) were Botrychium virginianum (L.) SW., Chloranthus japonicus SIEB., Dictamnus dasycarpus TURCZ., etc. 15 taxa that included Salix hulteni FLODERUS, Celtis choseniana NAKAI, Clematis trichotoma NAKAI, Vicia venosissima NAKAI, etc. were found to be endemic to korea and 21 taxa that included ; Bilderdykia dumetora (L.) DUM., Bilderdykia convolvulus DUM., Lepidium apetalum WILLD., Amorpha fruticosa L. and Symphytum offcinale L., Hibiscus trionum L. etc. were identified as naturalized plants.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1147-1155
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• 2000

The installation of wireless communication system for various services of ITS at 5.8 GHz generates mutual interference. The representative example, the sharing of frequency between DSRC system and ETC system is a cause of communication error or disturbance both sides or one side owing to mutual interference. As a solution, a Shield Plate, Antenna Directionality, Power Control is proposed, but these are not perfect solution, because a RSU doesn't have the information of position of interferer. This paper applies an adaptive array antenna which makes a gain for desired users, makes a null for interferer, to up-link, down-link of DSRC and ETC system. The analysis of BER performance shows the effect of reduced interference about 20 dB.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.70-75
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• 2008

In this paper, the EM wave absorber was designed and fabricated for countermeasure against EMI from a ceiling of a tollgate in ETC system. We fabricated several samples in different composition ratios of MnZn-ferrite, Carbon, and CPE(Chlorinated Polyethylene). Absorption abilities were simulated in accordance with different thicknesses of the prepared absorbers and changed complex relative permittivity and permeability according to composition ratio. The optimized mixing ratio of MnZn-ferrite, Carbon, and CPE was found as 40:15:45 wt.% by experiments and simulation. Then the EM wave absorber was fabricated and tested using the simulated data. As a result, the developed EM wave absorber has the thickness of 3.3 mm and absorption ability was more than 20 dB in the case of normal incidence and more than 11 dB for the incident angle from 15 to 45 degrees at 5.8 GHz. Therefore, it was confirmed that the newly developed absorber can be used for ETC system.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

It is as result that study to apply mini magnet nerve curer in peripheral nervous system disease treatment. Simulator and embodied action power and Control Unit in cylinder form of magnet roof object firstly. Yielded service area about special quality of probe of loop object cylinder style and treatment area dimension and distance of treatment pulse secondly. Embody pulse forming course energy value by Probe's form by third, could embody treatment pulse by disease. Specially, through a special quality experiment, saved Damping pulse form and treatment digital forming etc. variously. Lately, embodied this to aid a little in disease treatment that follow that there is no invasion that there is no stimulation by medicine development. Neuralgia, muscular disease and Altzheimer, with stroke etc. is becoming the matter of concern and interest which disease of adult etc. it is same is important. And the melancholia in compliance with the modern direction of a ceremony which is complicated and garrulous, trillion it will cry and symptoms, it is a tendency where the emotional obstacle etc. nervous psychiatric disorder patient is increasing at class speed. But currently the applicator it will be able to treat like this disease almost it is a condition which is wholly lacking. Consequently like this disease it used magnetic stimulation and it diagnosed and the equipment it will be able to treat plan and it embodied.

• BMB Reports
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.28-34
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• 2003

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women in Western countries, and its prevalence is also increasing in Asia. The major risk factor for breast cancer can be traced to reproductive events that influence the lifetime levels of hormones. However, a large percentage of breast cancer cases cannot, be explained by these risk factors. The identification of susceptibility factors that predispose individuals to breast cancer (for instance, if they are exposed to particular environmental agents) could possibly give further insight into the etiology of this malignancy and provide targets for the future development of therapeutics. The most interesting candidate genes include those that mediate a range of functions. These include carcinogen metabolism, DNA repair, steroid hormone metabolism, signal transduction, and cell cycle control. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in South Korea to evaluate the potential modifying role of the genetic polymorphisms of selected low penetrance genes that are involved in carcinogen metabolisms (i.e., CYP1A1, CYP2E1, GSTM1/T1/P1, NAT1/2, etc.), estrogen synthesis and metabolism (i.e., CYP19, CYP17, CYP1B1, COMT, ER-$\alpha$, etc.), DNA repair (i.e., XRCC1/3, ERCC2/4, ATM, AGT, etc.), and signal transduction as well as others (i.e., TGF-$\beta$, IGF-1, TNF-$\beta$, IL-1B, IL-1RN, etc.). We also took into account the potential interaction between these and the known risk factors of breast cancer. The results of selected genes will be presented in this mini-review.